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Design of Gravity Retaining Wall
Design of Gravity Retaining Wall
Design of Gravity Retaining Wall
ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program. =)
****====DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL====****
0.5 m
qs = 20 kPa
3.50 m
0.25
0.25
1.10 m 0.60 m
a h'
W3 c5 W5
W4 W6
c6
c3 c4
3.50 m h
W2
c2 W1
1.10 m e
d c1
B/3 = 1.33 m
the middle third of the base. No tension will occur on the foundation.
Rv
qalignl ¿ max ¿min ¿=
B (1± 6eB )¿
2 qmax = 121.61 kPa
qmin = 100.763 kPa
qa =
143 kPa
qmax < qa, the wall is safe against soil bearing.
0.5 m
Retaining Wall Details qs = 20 kPa
3.50 m
0.25
0.25
1.10 m 0.60 m
4.00 m
CARMEL B. SABADO CE-162 PROF. GERONIDES P. ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
Table 1: Unit weights w, effective angles of internal friction φ, and coefficients of friction with concrete f.
w, kN/m³ φ, degrees f, coefficient
1. Soil or gravel without fine particles, 17.25 - 18.85 33 -40 0.5 -0.6
highly permeable.
2. Sand or gravel with silt mixture, low 18.85 - 20.40 25 - 35 0.4 - 0.5
permeability
3. Silty sand, sand and gravel with high 17.25 - 18.85 23 - 30 0.3 - 0.4
clay content
4. Medium or stiff clay 15.70 - 18.85 25 - 35 0.2 - 0.4
5. Soft clay, silt 14.10 - 17.25 20 -25 0.2 - 0.3
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by
computed by the program. 0.5 m
qs = 20 kPa
3.50 m
0.25
0.25
1.10 m 0.60 m
a h'
W3 c5 W5
W6
W4 c6
c3 c4
3.50 m h
W2
c2 W1
1.10 m e
d c1
B/3 = 1.33 m
the middle third of the base. No tension will occur on the foundation.
Rv
qalignl ¿ max ¿min ¿=
B (1± 6eB )¿
2 qmax = 121.6103 kPa
qmin = 100.7628 kPa
qa = 143 kPa
0.5 m
Retaining Wall Details qs = 20.00
0.25
3.50 m
0.25
1.10 m 0.60 m
4.00 m
CARMEL B. SABADO CE-162 PROF. GERONIDES P. ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)
h' = 1.026 m
b
Property Line
W6
a
W5 C6
h'
C5
W4
W2 C4
C2
c W3 h
C3
W1
Pah
C1
yah
d
b
p1=qs
M y P1
M y P1
y/2 P2
V
p2 = Cahwsy
Ve
d
Vmax Mmax
Stem P V M
Ao = ∏ Db = ρmin = 1.4 / fy
2
490.874 mm2 = 0.003382
4 ρmax = .75 .85fc'b1 600 = 0.016032
Atemp = ∏ Dtemp2 = 201.062 mm 2
fy 600+fy
4
Use: ρ = 0.00812
At y = 3.00 m
Try d = 300 mm
Ru = Mu = 2.209270
fbd2
Use: ρ = 0.005722
As,flexure = ρbd = 1716.459 mm2/m
s = 1000Ao = 285.9805 mm cc
As
As,temp = ρbd =0.002bd = 600 mm2/m
stemp = 1000 Atemp = 335.1032 mm cc
As
Design of Base:
qs =
19.30
5.00
0.50
qmin
qmax
Note: The expected worst condition of loading, the passive earth pressure of soil is generally
neglected due to erosion of top soil, and the soil bearing at the toe is neglected due to
the empending action to overturn.
Try d = 400 mm
b= 1000 mm
Ru = Mu = 4.570502 As,flexure = ρbd = 5216.20 mm2/m
fbd2 s = 1000Ao = 94.11 mm cc
As
ρ = .85fc' 1 - 1 - 2Ru = 0.013041 s,temp = ρbd =0.002bd
A = 800.00 mm2/m
fy .85fc' stemp = 1000 Atemp = 251.33 mm cc
As
Use: ρ = 0.013041
0.30
25 mm Ø @ 240 oc
16 mm Ø temp. @ 16
260 oc bw mm Øtemp @ 250 oc
5.00 25 mm Ø @ 250 oc
m
25 mm Ø @ 360 oc
0.50 meters
16 mm Ø temp. bars
250 oc bw
0.40 meters
CARMEL B. SABADO CE-162 PROF. GERONIDES P. ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)
h' = 1.11 m
H' = 1.13 m
H
b
B
Property Line
a
H' qs2
W1 W4
H W2
W5 W3 qs1
h'
h
D
x
b
B
θ = 0.031239833 x= 0.066
Design of stem:
Vu = 1.7 [qsH + 0.5CahwsH2 = 146.768 kN/m
Mu = 1.7 Mmax = 220.696 kN-m/m
M = qsy2/2 + 1/3Cahwsy3
Amain = ∏ Dmain
2
y M = 490.874 mm2
0.50 2.693 kN-m 4
1.00 11.797 kN-m Atemp = ∏ Dtemp2 = 201.062 mm2
1.50 27.196 kN-m 4
2.00 51.466 kN-m ρmin = 0.5 [1.4/fy, √fc'/4fy] = 0.00238366
2.50 85.284 kN-m ρmax = .75 .85fc'b1 600 = 0.03715714
3.00 129.821 kN-m fy 600+fy
Try h = = 400 mm
d = h - (100+Φs/2) = 287.5 mm
Ru = Mu = 2.966719
fbd2
Use: ρ = 0.011576376
Design of Toe:
= 253.0727332 kN-m/m
Try h = 400 mm
d = h - (100+Φs/2) = 287.5 mm
Ru = Mu = 3.401944
fbd2
25 mmΦ @
137 oc
16 mmΦtemp @
3.70 338 oc
25 mmΦ @
117.00 oc
0.50 m
3.00
16 mmΦtemp @
0.40 338 oc
Note: the spacing of the reinforcement is upon the desire of the designer based on the computed bar spacing above.
CARMEL B. SABADO CE-162 PROF. GERONIDES P. ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)
Solution: B
Composite section and location of forces
x a W7
x 7h
W6 h
x6
e
W2 x5 W5
x2
H
W4 W3
x3
x4 W1
c
d x1
f x8
W8
1 1
Pah= C ah wh ( h+2 h' ) = 94.428307 kN P ph= C ph wh2 = 78.130174 kN
2 2
2
h +3 hh ' h
y ah= = 1.960 m y ph= = 0.500 m
3 ( h+2 h ' ) 3
Check retaining wall stability:
Rv
qalignl ¿ max ¿min ¿=
B (1± 6eB )¿
2
p1 = qs
P1
M y y/2 P2
V y/3
p2 = Cahwsx
Ve
d
Vmax Mmax
STEM P V M
Compute:
π 490.874 mm²
π 201.062 mm²
A o= D 2= A temp = D 2 =
4 b 4 temp
1.4 = 0.00338164
ρmin =
fy
. 85 f c ' β 1 . 003 E s
ρmax =. 75
[ fy . 003 E s + f y ] = 0.01603
try d = 400 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 3.4595
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
2Ru
. 85 f c '[ √ ]
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
2Ru
. 85 f c '[ √ ] = 0.00939 ok!
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 257.818 kN/m
6
At d distance from bottom of stem:
y= 4.25 m
Vud = 1.7(19.2y + 3.13667y²) = 235.035373 kN/m
At 3.00 m
Try d = 300 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 2.29500
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
2Ru
. 85 f c '[ √ ] = 0.00596 ok!
ws2 Qs
ws1 is taken equal to zero due to erosion of top soil at the heel, the expected worst condition of loading.
At the toe, the worst condition of loading is when the wall is at empending action to overturn, soil bearing
at the heel is assumed to be zero.
At Heel:
try d = 400 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 1.05145136
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ] = 0.00262053 not ok!-use pmin
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 257.817765 kN/m > Va, safe
6
At Toe:
try d = 400 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 0.72129
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ] = 0.00177949 not ok!-use pmin
1000 A o
s= = 362.896026 mm oc
As
As,temp = ρtempbd = 0.002bd = 800 mm²/m
1000 A temp
s temp= = 251.327412 mm oc
A s ,temp
Check for shear:
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 257.817765 kN/m > Va, safe
6
Design of Key:
pph1 pah1
f
pph2 h pah2
try d = 300 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 0.09258
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ] = 0.00022 not ok!-use pmin
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 193.363324 kN/m > Va, safe
Details: 6
Note: the spacing of the reinforcement is upon the desire of the designer based on the computed bar spacing above.
1.00 m
mm Φ @
1.50 m 25
240 oc
16
0 250 oc
mmΦtemp @ 250 oc bw mmΦtemp @
16
3.65 120 oc
0 16
mmΦtemp @ 250 oc bw 360 oc
0.40 mm Φ @
m
0.40
m
h' = 1.026 m
b
Property Line
W6
a
W5 C6 h'
C5
W4
W2 C4
C2
c h
W3
C3
W1
Pah
C1
yah
d
b
B
Soil pressure coefficient, Rankine equation for horizontal surface:
The middle third of the base where No tension will occur on the foundation.
Design of stem:
p1=qs
M y P1
y/2 P2
V
p2 = Cahwsy
Ve
d
Vmax Mmax
Stem P V M
Ao = ∏ Db = ρmin = 1.4 / fy
2
490.874 mm2 = 0.003382
4 ρmax = .75 .85fc'b1 600 = 0.016032
Atemp = ∏ Dtemp2 = 201.062 mm2 fy 600+fy
4
Use: ρ = 0.0081204
At y = 3.00 m
Try d = 300 mm
Ru = Mu = 2.209270
fbd2
Use: ρ = 0.0057215
Design of Base:
qs = 19.30
5.00
0.50
qmin
qmax
Note: The expected worst condition of loading, the passive earth pressure of soil is generally
neglected due to erosion of top soil, and the soil bearing at the toe is neglected due to
the empending action to overturn.
Try d = 400 mm
b= 1000 mm
Ru = Mu = 4.570502 As,flexure = ρbd = 5216.20 mm2/m
fbd2 s = 1000Ao = 94.11 mm cc
As
ρ = .85fc' 1 - 1 - 2Ru = 0.013041 As,temp = ρbd =0.002bd = 800.00 mm2/m
fy .85f c' stemp = 1000 Atemp = 251.33 mm cc
As
Use: ρ = 0.013041
0.30
25 mm Ø @ 240 oc
16 mm Ø temp. @ 16
260 oc bw mm Øtemp @ 250 oc
5.00 25 250 oc
m
25 mm Ø @ 360 oc
0.50 meters
16 mm Ø temp. bars
250 oc bw
0.40 meters
CARMEL B. SABADO CE-162 PROF. GERONIDES P. ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)
h' = 1.11 m
H' = 1.13 m
H
b
B
Property Line
H' qs2
W1 W4
H W2
W 5 W3 qs1
h'
h
D
x
b
B
θ = 0.0312398 x= 0.066
Design of stem:
Amain = ∏ Dmain
2
y M = 490.874 mm2
0.50 2.693 kN-m 4
1.00 11.797 kN-m Atemp = ∏ Dtemp2 = 201.062 mm2
1.50 27.196 kN-m 4
2.00 51.466 kN-m ρmin = 0.5 [1.4/fy, √fc'/4fy] = 0.002383656
2.50 85.284 kN-m ρmax = .75 .85fc'b1 600 = 0.037157143
3.00 129.821 kN-m fy 600+fy
Try h = = 400 mm
d = h - (100+Φs/2) = 287.5 mm
Ru = Mu = 2.966719
fbd2
Use: ρ = 0.0115764
Design of Toe:
= 253.07273 kN-m/m
Try h = 400 mm
d = h - (100+Φs/2) = 287.5 mm
Ru = Mu = 3.401944
fbd2
25 mmΦ @
137 oc
16 mmΦtemp @
3.70 338 oc
25 mmΦ @
117.00 oc
0.50 m
3.00
16 mmΦtemp @
0.40 338 oc
Note: the spacing of the reinforcement is upon the desire of the designer based on the computed bar spacing above.
CARMEL B. SABADO CE-162 PROF. GERONIDES P. ANCOG
BSCE-5 2nd Excel Program 18-Aug-09
*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)
Solution: B
Composite section and location of forces
x a W7
x 7h
W6 h
x6
e
W2 x5 W5
x2
H
W4 W3
x3
x4 W1
c
d x1
f x8
W8
1 1
Pah= C ah wh ( h+2 h' ) = 94.42831 kN P ph= C ph wh2 = 78.13017 kN
2 2
h2 +3 hh ' h
y ah= = 1.960 m y ph= = 0.500 m
3 ( h+2 h ' ) 3
Check retaining wall stability:
Rv
qalignl ¿ max ¿min ¿ =
B (1± 6eB )¿
2
Design of stem:
p1 = qs
P1
M y y/2 P2
V y/3
p2 = Cahwsx
Ve
d
Vmax Mmax
STEM P V M
Compute:
π 490.874 mm²
π
A o= D 2= A temp = D 2 = 201.062 mm²
4 b 4 temp
1 . 4 = 0.003382
ρmin =
fy
. 85 f c ' β 1 . 003 E s
ρmax =. 75
[ fy . 003 E s +f y ]
= 0.01603
try d = 400 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 3.4595
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c '
= 0.00939 ok!
]
As,flexure = ρbd = 3757.84 mm²/m
1000 A o
s= = 130.627 mm oc
As
As,temp = ρtempbd = 0.002bd = 800 mm²/m
1000 A temp
s temp= = 251.327 mm oc
A s ,temp
Check for shear:
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 257.818 kN/m
6
At d distance from bottom of stem:
y= 4.25 m
Vud = 1.7(19.2y + 3.13667y²) = 235.0354 kN/m
At 3.00 m
Try d = 300 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 2.29500
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ]
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
2Ru
. 85 f c ' [ √
= 0.00596 ok!
]
As,flexure = ρbd = 1788.48 mm²/m
1000 A o
s= = 274.464 mm oc
As
As,temp = ρtempbd = 0.002bd = 600 mm²/m
1000 A temp
s temp= = 335.103 mm oc
A s ,temp
Design of heel and toe:
ws2 Qs
ws1 is taken equal to zero due to erosion of top soil at the heel, the expected worst condition of loading.
At the toe, the worst condition of loading is when the wall is at empending action to overturn, soil bearing
at the heel is assumed to be zero.
At Heel:
try d = 400 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 1.051451
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
2Ru
. 85 f c ' [ √
= 0.002621 not ok!-use pmin
]
As,flexure = ρbd = 1352.657 mm²/m
1000 A o
s= = 362.896 mm oc
As
As,temp = ρtempbd = 0.002bd = 800 mm²/m
1000 A temp
s temp=
A s ,temp
1000 A temp
s temp= = 251.3274 mm oc
A s ,temp
Check for shear:
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 257.8178 kN/m > Va, safe
6
At Toe:
try d = 400 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 0.72129
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ]
= 0.001779 not ok!-use pmin
1000 A o
s= = 362.896 mm oc
As
As,temp = ρtempbd = 0.002bd = 800 mm²/m
1000 A temp
s temp= = 251.3274 mm oc
A s ,temp
Check for shear:
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 257.8178 kN/m > Va, safe
6
Design of Key:
pph1 pah1
pph2 h pah2
try d = 300 mm
Mu/φ
Ru = = 0.09258
bd 2
ρ=
1
ω [ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy ]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ]
ρ=
1
ω[ √
1− 1−
fy
=
fy]
2ωR u . 85 f c '
1− 1−
[ √
2Ru
. 85 f c ' ]
= 0.00022 not ok!-use pmin
V uc =φ vc
√ f c ' bd = 193.3633 kN/m > Va, safe
Details: 6
Note: the spacing of the reinforcement is upon the desire of the designer based on the computed bar spacing above.
0.20 m
3.65 m 25 mm Φ @
240 oc
16 mmΦtemp @
16 250 oc
mmΦtemp @ 250 oc bw
25 mm Φ @
1.00 120 oc
16 25
mmΦtemp @ 250 oc bw mm Φ @ 360 oc
0.50
m
0.40
m