Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces

And design sections According ACI 318-08 Rev1.0

Project :- Designed by:- M. Abu Shady
Building :- Checked by:- M. Abu Shady
Element:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort Date:- 24-Oct-21
Location:- M.A.S.

General Input :
fc'=32 N/mm2 fy=420 N/mm2
tw= 0.30 m LL=5.0 KN/m2 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 8.47 m
ɣC=24 KN/m3
µ= 0.58
qall=150 KN/m2 Active Soil
Cover=50 mm ɣs=18KN/m3
Ignore Passive Soil YES Ka= 0.333
Ignore Soil wet W5 YES
𝑊4 H=9.97m
𝑊5
𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 0.60 m co
Passive Soil
Hp=2.10m Kp= 3

tb= 0.80 m 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 -1.50 m

2.60m 3.60m
lo
b= 6.50 m ng tc= 0.30 m
itu
d=0.74m di
na Lc= 2.20 m
l
dir
ec tc= 0.30 m
tio
n
Transverse direction
1-Check Stability of Wall: Elevation Plan
a- Check of Retaining Wall Overturning:
Calculation of ∑W & Stability Moment ∑M
C𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝑷_𝑳, 𝑷_𝒉𝒂, 𝑷_𝒉𝒑
Dist. From load Moments M @ & 𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑴_𝒐
Description of loads Loads W kN/m'
to point O (m) O KN.m/m'

Weight of stem
W1 66.02 2.750 181.57 = 1.67 𝐾𝑁∕𝑚′
𝑃_ℎ𝐿= 〖𝐿𝐿
𝐾〗 _𝑎 𝐻 𝐾_𝑎
𝑃_ℎ𝑎=(ɣ_𝑠
Weight of base slab W2 124.80 3.250 405.60 = 298.20 𝐾𝑁∕𝑚′
𝐻^2)/2

Weight of earth over 𝑯-𝒕_𝒃 𝑃_ℎ𝑝=(ɣ_𝑠 𝐾_𝑎

594.22 4.700 2792.82 𝐻_𝑝^2)/2 = 0.00 𝐾𝑁∕𝑚′
Heel slab W3

Weight of Counterfort 〖𝑴 _𝒐=𝑃_ℎ𝐿∗𝐻 〗 _(𝑃_ℎ𝐿 )+𝑃_ℎ𝑎*

W4 using(ɣc-ɣs) 45.02 4.100 184.57 = 999.34 〖𝐾𝑁 .𝑚 〗∕
𝐻_(𝑃_ℎ𝑎 )- 𝑃_ℎ𝑝*𝐻_(𝑃_ℎ𝑝 )
〖𝑚 ^′ 〗
Weight of earth over
0.00 1.300 0.00
Toe slab W5
∑W=830.06 ∑M=3564.55

〖𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒚 =∑𝑴/𝑴 〗 Err:501 Err:501

_(𝒐 )
b- Check of Retaining Wall Sliding:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ∑▒𝑃_ℎ =𝑃_ℎ𝐿+ 𝑃_ℎ𝑎- = 299.87 𝐾𝑁∕ 〖𝑚 ^′
𝑃_ℎ𝑝 〗
𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 µ∑𝑊" " Err:501 𝐾𝑁∕ 〖𝑚 ^′
𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦=µ∑𝑀 /∑𝑃_ℎ Err:501 〗 Err:501

c- Check of Retaining Wall bearing Capacity:

finding eccentricity e, take moments @ point O
M@o=0=−∑𝑊∗x+∑𝑀−𝑀_𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,∴𝑥 Err:501 ,𝑒 = 0.16 m , 𝑏/6 = 1.083 m e 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒≤𝑏/6 to ignor tension stress

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒇=𝑃/𝐴±𝑀/𝐼 𝑦=(∑𝑊)/(1∗𝑏)±(𝑒∗∑𝑊)/((1∗𝑏^3)⁄12) 𝑏/2

=(∑𝑊)/𝑏±(6𝑒∗∑𝑊)/𝑏^2 = (∑𝑊)/𝑏(1±6𝑒/𝑏)
Err:501 129.73 KN/m2 135.75 KN/m2
𝒇_𝒂=(∑𝑊)/𝑏(1+ ,𝒇_( ,𝒇_(𝒆
6𝑒/𝑏)= Err:501 𝒄=) 131.46 KN/m2 =)
𝒇_𝒅=(∑𝑊)/𝑏(1− ,𝒇_(𝒃
6𝑒/𝑏)= OK SAFE < qall =)

Page 1 of 4
Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces
And design sections According ACI 318-08 Rev1.0
Project :- Designed by:- M. Abu Shady
Building :- Checked by:- M. Abu Shady
Element:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort Date:- 24-Oct-21
Location:- M.A.S.
2-Internal Forces of Retaining Wall:
a- Toe Slab Moment and Shear:
finding net stress on Toe Slab
𝒇_𝒏𝒂 127.3 KN/m2 Upward 116.5 KN/m2 Upward
=
𝒇_𝒏𝒃 112.3 KN/m2 Upward 〖 ,𝒇
=
MToe Transverse max Ult.@b= 620.0KN.m/m BOT. RFT. 〗Use
_𝒏 9 T 18 /m' Tension RFT.
𝒆=
QToe max Ult. @d dis. From b = 340 KN/m < ΦVc = 534 KN/m Where
OK SAFE ACI318-08 , Eq 11-3
b- Heel Slab Moment and Shear:
heel Slab behaves as:
1- a cantilever from point c to x with length Lc/2, supported by stem.
2- a continuous beam from point x to d in longitudinal direction of Retaining wall
supported by counterforts

finding net stress on Heel Slab

𝒇_𝒏𝒄 -82.0 KN/m2 Downward
=𝒇_𝒏𝒅
-102.9 KN/m2 Downward
=𝒇_𝒏𝒙
-88.4 KN/m2 Downward
=
Mheel Transverse Ult.@c -ve= -78.3KN.m/m TOP RFT. Use 8 T 16 /m' Tension RFT.
Mheel longitudinal Ult.@d -Ve= -74.7KN.m/m TOP RFT. Use 8 T 16 /m' Tension RFT.
Mheel longitudinal Ult.@d +Ve= 62.2KN.m/m BOT. RFT. Use 8 T 16 /m' Tension RFT.
QHeel max Transverse Ult. @d= 146 KN/m < ΦVc = 534 KN/m
QHeel max longitudinal Ult. @d= 170 KN/m < ΦVc
= 534 KN/m
C- Stem Slab Moment and Shear:
Stem Slab behaves as:
1- a cantilever from point c at heel top to point z with length L c/2, supported by heel Slab.
2- a continuous beam above point z in longitudinal direction of Retaining wall supported by
counterforts slab.
𝒇_(𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 56.69 50.09 1.67 KN/m2
@𝒄) =
Mstem vertical Ult.@c cant -ve= -47.5KN.m/mon〖active
,𝒇 〗side
_(𝒔 〖 ,𝒇 3〗T 16
Use _(𝒔𝒕/m' Tension RFT.
𝒕𝒆𝒎 @𝒛=) 𝒆𝒎 @𝒛𝟎) =
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z -Ve= on
-36.4KN.m/m = active side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z +Ve= 30.3KN.m/m on passive side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z0 -Ve= -1.2KN.m/m on active side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z0 +Ve= 1.0KN.m/m on passive side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
QStem max Cantilever Ult. @c= 94 KN/m < ΦVc = 173 KN/m
QStem max longitudinal Ult. @z= 83 KN/m
< ΦVc
d- Counterfort Moment and Shear:
Counterfort Slab behaves as:
a Tee Beam its flange (is heel & stem slabs) with effiective depth d ctf , subjected to
1- max. moment MCfort@c at c point produced from horizontal earth pressure
2- max horizontal shear VHal Cfort@c at c point produced from horizontal earth pressure
stress 𝒇_(𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 @𝒄) on stem slab multiplied by counterfort spacing.
3- max Vertical shear V Val Cfort@d at d point produced from Vertical net stress 𝒇_𝒏𝒅
on heel slab multiplied by counterfort spacing.

" = 3.35 m " = 6.11 m " = 3.06 m

d h
"dctf"@ h ctf"@
"d
= 2.23 m = 1.12 m
ctf z1 z2
"MCfort@z2 "z1 "
z2
50.6KN.m/m" Use 3 T 22 Tension RFT.
"
="M 373.9KN.m/m Use 6 T 22 Tension RFT.
Cfort@z1 "
="M
Cfort@c " 1261.8KN.m/m Use 9 T 22 Tension RFT.
V= =
Hal Cfort@c 142 KN/m < ΦVc = 712 KN/m use 5T10/m E.F
VVal Cfort@d = 257 KN/m < ΦVc use 5T10/m E.F

Page 2 of 4
Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces
And design sections According ACI 318-08 Rev1.0
Project :- Designed by:- M. Abu Shady
Building :- Checked by:- M. Abu Shady
Element:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort Date:- 24-Oct-21
Location:- M.A.S.

Page 3 of 4
References:
1- Chapter 12 of Reinforced Concrete Design, Design Theory and Examples by T. J. MacGinley_3rd Ed-2006-ISBN: 0415307
2- Design and Detailing of Counterfort Retaining Wall Lecture Note
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/P6/enotes/CV61/Des_Ret_Wal-MCN.pdf
which is part of Design and Drawing of RCC Structures - CV61 Lectures
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/CV61.html
3- Reliability Analysis of Counterfort Retaining Walls Paper (Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 11(1) 2011)
http://www.ejse.org/Archives/Fulltext/2011/20115.pdf
4- Typical frictional resistances, Table L.1, Appendix L of Structural Foundation Designers' Manual by W. G. Curtin_2nd-200

Rev 1.0
Design Toe, Heel and stem slab according ACI 318-08
Design Counterfort as a beam according ACI 318-08