Mega Goal 1.

1
Unit 4

The Art of Advertising

3. Grammar

By: Essa Al Hussaini

 The Passive
Objectives

1) Use passive form correctly.

2) Use comparative and superlative forms correctly.
3) Compare two things using "as ….. as".
4) Use the verbs "look, smell, sound, taste" with like + noun.
Warm Up

Who broke the window?

The boy broke the window.
Warm Up

Who cooks the dinner?

The dinner is cooked.
 Use the passive when …
1- we are interested in the action rather than
the people who do the action (subject).

2- we don’t know exactly the doer

3- it is understood who did the action

Examples:
1- The school was built in 1981.
2- His car has been stolen.
3- The breakfast is made.
 The Passive

 Tenses covered

1- Simple Present

2- Simple Past

3- Present perfect

5- Future (will)
Sentence order

 active S + V + O

Ali writes the story.

 passive O + Be + V3 + by doer

The story is written by Ali

 The Passive

 active passive

Ali writes the story.

… tense? Present simple

… subject? Ali
… verb? write
… object? The story
 The Passive

A company makes this car in Japan.

tense?
subject?  Simple Present Passive form: O + Be + V3 + (by S)

verb?
object?
This car is made by a company in Japan

Amal cleans the house everyday.

The house is cleaned (by Amal) everyday.

 The Passive

A company developed the suitcase in Italy.

tense?
subject?  Simple Past Passive form: O + Be + V3 + (by S)

verb?
object?
The suitcase was developed by a company in Italy

A French invented bicycles in the 1970s.

Bicycles were invented (by a French) in the 1970s

 The Passive

The company has opened a new factory.

tense?
subject?  Present Perfect Passive form: O + have / has been V3 + (by S)

verb?
object?
A new factory has been opened by the company.

The French have produced famous perfumes.

Famous perfumes have been produced (by the French)

 The Passive

People will buy more hybrid cars.

tense?
subject?  Future Passive form: O + will be V3 + (by S)

verb?
object?
More hybrid cars will be bought by people.

They will produce a clean engine.

A clean engine will be produced.

 The Passive

 Simple Present : O + Be + V3 + (by S)

This car is made by a company in Japan

 Simple Past : O + Be + V3 + (by S)

The suitcase was developed by a company in Italy

 Present Perfect : O + have / has been V3 + (by S)

A new factory has been opened by the company.

 Future : O + will be V3 + (by S)

More hybrid cars will be bought by the company.

 when changing into passive

1- keep the tense of the active sentence

2- use correct form of the verb BE to be / been / be

3- use past participle (V3)

4- by is used to introduce the doer (subject)

5- by is not used if it is not important who does the

action
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Comparison of
Adjectives
❖comparatives
❖ superlatives
 • .. compare the qualities of two or more
people, things, animals, or situations.

• Comparatives are formed with either -er at

the end of the adjective or the word more
comparative & before it.
superlative big ➔ bigger // beautiful ➔ more beautiful

• Superlatives are formed with -est and the

word most.
big ➔ biggest // beautiful ➔ most beautiful
 • compare the qualities of two or more
Comparatives & Superlatives people, things, animals, or situations

Adjective Comparative (2) Superlative (3+)

The hydrogen car is clean. It’s cleaner than other models. It’s the cleanest car of all.

The bag is expensive. It’s more expensive than others. It’s the most expensive bag.
 Adjective Comparative (2) Superlative (3+)

The hydrogen car is clean. It’s cleaner than other models. It’s the cleanest car of all.

The bag is expensive. It’s more expensive than others. It’s the most expensive bag.

❖ Complete with the comparative or superlative forms

The low heel shoes are Mohammed knows that water

1 ______________
cheaper (cheap) 2 is ______________ (healthy)
healthier
than the high heel shoes. than soda.

My device is most refreshing

Bliss is the ______________
3 ______________
more reliable (reliable) 4 (refreshing) fragrance for day
than yours. and night.
Similarities &
Differences
as + adjective + as
 as + adjective + as

• to show Similarities and Differences

 as ……… as TWO items are the SAME in some way

The special suitcase is as expensive as a car.

 not as ……… as TWO items are the NOT SAME in some way

The fold-up bicycle is not as bulky as a regular bicycle.

 as + adjective + as

Hamad
They are the same. Khaled
Khaled is as fast as Hamad.
________________________________________.

Rashid
Fahad

They are NOT the same.

Rashid is not as fast as Fahad.
________________________________________.
More Similarities
& Differences

• look like + noun

• smell like + noun
• sound like + noun
• taste like + noun
 Look / sound / smell / taste …….. like + noun

• to show Similarities and Differences

• The new compact car

• That tastes like a home
looks like a bug.
cooked meal.

idea

• They smell like • That sounds like

firecrackers. a good idea.
Look / sound / smell / taste …….. like + noun

Describe the banana

It looks like a duck

________________________________________.
Student’s Book 50 - 51
50
50

1. The first car was made by Karl Benz in 1886.

2. Cars are produced (by companies) all over the world
nowadays.
3. In the future, smaller and smaller cars will be driven (by people).
4. Perfume, watches, and jewelry are made by Cartier.
5. The perfume industry was started by Francois Coty in the late
1800s.
6. Famous perfumes have been produced by the French for many
years.
7. In the future, more and more hybrid cars will be bought (by
people).
8. In the past, bikes were used by many people to go to work.
51

1) are made

2) were considered 3) was used

4) was opened
5) were sprayed
6) was worn

7) was named
8) was packaged 9) was launched
10) has been enjoying
 51

most refreshing cleaner

brighter

most reliable

healthier
WORKBOOK 111 - 112
111

sounds
look
smells
taste
sound
look
112

not as warm as not as expensive as

as healthy as as hot as
112

Smell

tastes

sound

Look