JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

FACULTY OF LAW

ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT
HOW FEAR IS USED THROUGHOUT THE NOVEL ANIMAL FARM?

SUBMITTED BY:

 NAME: PRACHI TRIPATHI

 COURSE: BALLB(Hons.)
 YEAR: 1st-semester self-financed
 STUDENT ID: 202004051

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SADIA HASAN
FACULTY OF LAW
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to acknowledge the beneficence of Prof. Sadia Hasan in her guidance
throughout the completion of this project. It is for this reason I was able to advocate
this work with resources informative as much as concise.
Likewise, I would also like to take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to friends
and family for enhancing my emotional well-being and providing me with financial
sufficiency to ensure I would not have to cobble for resources in my quest of penning
down this work.
Lastly, may it be known that THE ALMIGHTY is the reason above all for the good
deeds found herein.

PRAISE BE TO THY LORD, ONE AND ALL, THE ALMIGHTY.

PRACHI TRIPATHI (self-financed)

ABOUT THE ANIMAL FARM

Animal Farm 1satirizes politicians, specifically their rhetoric, ability to manipulate

others, and insatiable lust for power. Despite his seemingly altruistic motives,
Napoleon is presented as the epitome of a power-hungry individual who masks all of
his actions with the excuse that they are done for the betterment of the farm. His
stealing the milk and apples, for example, is explained by the lie that these foods have
nutrients essential to pigs, who need these nutrients to carry on their managerial work.
His running Snowball off the farm is explained by the lie that Snowball was a traitor,
working for Jones — and that the farm will fare better without him. Each time that
Napoleon and the other pigs wish to break one of the Seven Commandments, they
legitimize their transgressions by changing the Commandment's original language.
Whenever the farm suffers a setback, Napoleon blames Snowball's treachery —

1 TAKEN FROM NOVELLA ANIMAL FARM WRITTEN BY GEORGE ORWELL.

which the reader, of course, knows is untrue. Napoleon's walking on two legs,
wearing a derby hat, and toasting Pilkington reflect the degree to which he (and the
other pigs) completely disregard the plights of the other animals in favor of satisfying
their cravings for power. Thus, the dominant theme of Animal Farm is the tendency
for those who espouse the most virtuous ideas to become the worst enemies of the
people whose lives they are claiming to improve.

RELATION TO RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

The main goal of Orwell's writing Animal Farm was to portray the 2Russian (or
Bolshevik) Revolution of 1917 as one that resulted in a government more oppressive,
totalitarian, and deadly than the one it overthrew. Many of the characters and events
of Orwell's novel parallel those of the Russian Revolution: In short, Manor Farm is a
model of Russia, and old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon represent the dominant
figures of the Russian Revolution.
Mr. Jones is modeled on Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918), the last Russian emperor. His
rule (1894-1917) was marked by his insistence that he was the uncontestable ruler of
the nation. During his reign, the Russian people experienced terrible poverty and
upheaval, marked by the Bloody Sunday massacre in 1905 when unarmed protesters
but the civil war arrived in the form of the Bolshevik Revolution, when Nicholas, like
Jones, was removed from his place of rule and then died shortly thereafter.
Old Major is the animal version of V. I. Lenin (1870-1924), the leader of the
Bolshevik Party that seized control in the 1917 Revolution. As old Major outlines the
principles of Animalism, a theory holding that all animals are equal and must revolt
against their oppressors, Lenin was inspired by Karl Marx's theory of Communism,
which urges the "workers of the world" to unite against their economic oppressors. As
Animalism imagines a world where all animals share in the prosperity of the farm,
Communism argues that a "communal" way of life will allow all people to live lives
of economic equality. Old Major dies before he can see the final results of the
revolution, as Lenin did before witnessing how his disciples carried on the work of

2 “HOW ANIMAL FARM PARALLELS RUSSIAN REVOLUTION” INSTRUCTED BY KERRY GRAY available at
https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-animal-farm-parallels-the-russian-revolution.html
reform. But the war was carried in the form of the Bolshevik Revolution when Jones
that is Tsar Nicholas was removed from the power or ruling power and then died
shortly. Lenin’s counterpart was another Marxist thinker and participated in many
revolutionary demonstrations, in animal farm he is portrayed as Snowball. 3Battle of
the Cowshed parallels the Civil War that occurred after the 1917 Revolution.
Jones; Frederick represents Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), who allied with Stalin in 1939
but who then found himself fighting Stalin's army in 1941. Frederick seems like an
ally of Napoleon's, but his forged banknotes reveal his true character. The confessions
and executions of the animals reflect the various purges and "show trials" that Stalin
conducted to rid himself of any possible threat of dissension. In 1921, the sailors at
the Kronshdadt military base unsuccessfully rebelled against Communist rule, as the
hens attempt to rebel against Napoleon.The 4U.S.S.R.'s involvement in World War II
specifically the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943 when Stalin's forces defeated Hitler (as
Napoleon defeat Frederick). Finally, the card game at the novel's end parallels the
Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943), where Stalin, Winston
Churchill, and Franklin D. Roosevelt met to discuss the ways to forge a lasting peace.
after the war — a peace that Orwell mocks by having Napoleon and Pilkington flatter
each other and then betray their duplicitous natures by cheating in the card game.

HOW FEAR HAS BEEN USED THROUGHOUT THE NOVEL ANIMAL FARM?

5
George Orwell has used the novel Animal Farm to convey many ideas and meanings
which connect the Russian Revolution events and power with the reality and society
of humanity. One idea of his is fear and control. This idea is to show oppression by
the people who are in power. The author has tried to convey the message that
whatever the circumstances and whoever the person they used to initiate oppression
and exploit the people who are bound to follow their commands, as soon as they were
rewarded with any type of power.

3 THIS REFLECTS OCTOBER REVOLUTION IN RUSSIAN REVOLUTION.

4 THIS WAR HAS BEEN PORTARYED AS “BATTLE OF WINDMILL” IN ANIMAL FARMA.
5 NOVELLA WRITTEN BY GEORGE ORWELL NAMED ANIMAL FARM SUMMARISED WHAT IS THE MOTIVE BEHIND
WRITING THIS NOVELLA.
Fear is utilized as an effective propaganda technique to oppress and control the
animals in Orwell's celebrated novella Animal Farm. Once a scholar named 6Rusell
said “Fear is the main source of superstition and cruelty. To conquer fear is the
beginning of wisdom.” Fear is used in many ways throughout Animal Farm such as,
making the animals believe what the pigs were saying was true. As well as using the
pig's intelligence to gain power and become in charge of the farm. .. Initially, Mr.
Jones ruthlessly wields his authority by oppressing and intimidating the animals. Mr.
Jones and his men use whips, prods, and harnesses to punish and control the animals.
The animals feared Mr. Jones, which led the pigs to use propaganda. The author has
portrayed that pigs used their power to an extent to create fear in other animals.
Because when one is fearful, brainwashing and persuasion are easy for the powerful.
7
To a great extent, the animals use fear to keep one another in check and submission.
To ensure that there is acceptance on the part of the animals, fear is used as a
motivating factor. Old Major uses fear when he tells the animals that their purpose is
to be used and discarded by human beings. Old Major makes no pretense about how
he sees Jones and the other humans. Old Major was creating this fear too when he
gave a speech about trusting the animals. When Old major died, Napoleon and
Snowball came into power and decided to continue the rebellion against the human
being suggested by Old Major. Fear is the motivating element that he uses to make
sure that the other animals embrace his vision, after he dies, Snowball and Napoleon
use this fearful element in their recruitment of animals into 8Animalism. The snowball
wrote the seven commandments and everyone agreed to follow them, this also made
everyone fearful about breaking them. Those 9seven commandments were restricting
animals from many things, which is again a form of oppression by the party in power.
After some time, Napoleon stopped trusting snowball and started portraying him as
the enemy of animals. Squealer was great at presenting arguments and playing with
the minds of other animals, so he was creating fear among animals and telling them
all to follow Napoleon. They see snowball as a major threat to both the ones in power
and the innocent animals that just follow and listen to whatever authority tells them to
6 BERTRAND RUSSELL >QUOTES available
at:https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/17854.Bertrand_Russell#:~:text=%E2%80%9CFear%20is%20the%
20main%20source,is%20the%20beginning%20of%20wisdom.%E2%80%9D

7 Summary of how fear initiated in ANIMAL FARM WHICH PARALLELS RUSSIAN REVOLUTION.
do. They portrayed Snowball as the scapegoat in front of all other animals. They tell
the animals that he is in a league with Mr. Jones, dedicated to the demise of Animal
Farm. Any problem or issue on the farm is immediately blamed on Snowball and his
apparent presence cultivates an atmosphere of hysteria. The animals fear Snowball
and Mr. Jones while looking to Napoleon as their courageous leader. This contributes
to his image as their brave guardian and protector. This is where the idea of
convincing and brainwashing comes in. The rest of the animals who don’t have any
feeling of power and have no connection with control are the innocent

8
THIS WAS THE PHILOSOPHY BROUGHT BY SNOWBALL AND NAPOLEON IN WHICH ANIMALS WERE SUPPOSED TO
REBEL HUMANS AND FOLLOW THE PRINCIPLES OF ANIMALISM.
9
SEVEN COMMANDMENTS WERE:
Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
No animal shall wear clothes.
No animal shall sleep in a bed.
No animal shall drink alcohol.
No animal shall kill any other animal.
All animals are equal.
and their minds are being played around with by the ‘government’ (Napoleon and
other pigs). Fear is then used by the propaganda master Squealer when he stresses to
the animals that they have to struggle to avoid Jones's return. Squealer uses the fear of
Jones as sort of the ending to all arguments if any animal voices their dissent about
life under the pigs. Naturally, Napoleon uses fear to quell any dissent. Through his
forced confessions and public executions.

Many examples of this key idea occur in the novel. “I warn every animal on this farm
to keep his eyes very wide open. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball’s
secret agents are lurking among us at this moment.” In this quote, the squealer is
promoting Snowball as somewhat a criminal who is against the rest of the farm
animals who may potentially snatch the power from Napoleon and his partners.
Napoleon recognizes the power of fear and trains his menacing dogs to strike fear in
the animals. This terror tactic allows him to easily usurp power and rule the farm as a
ruthless tyrant. Napoleon's ferocious dogs act as his bodyguards and accompany him
everywhere he goes, intimidating the other animals and threatening political
dissidents. Napoleon also strikes fear in the animals by holding public executions,
which allegorically represent the Great Purge under Stalin's leadership in the late
1930s. Squealer manipulates the animals into obeying Napoleon's oppressive policies
by suggesting that Mr. Jones will return if they do not follow their leader's directives.
The possibility of Mr. Jones's return strikes fear in the hearts of the animals, and this
terror motivates them to obey every command.

Although Orwell has used fear in a negative state, it is also a positive idea for the
novel’s events as fear is one thing that keeps the lower class animals motivated.
Motivated to keep moving on and strive to do better. This fear is pushing each animal
to its full extent so that the work gets done. Each animal has a part in this theme as
they each motivate one another. This fear is being created by the humans and also
Napoleon who wants the animals to keep working.
He makes a point of utilizing this fear to ensure that the animals understand his
meaning by sending 8Boxer to Knacker when he is of no use to him(Boxer was the
most laborious animal on the whole farm who believes in the theory of working
hard). Once the pigs assume leadership, under his control, the author demonstrates
that political regimes often use tools such as playing on fear as a way to consolidate
their power and ensure that there will not be any questioning of their policies and
practices.

This theme/idea has been used in the novella to demonstrate the power or fear used by
Napoleon to control the other animals in Animal Farm so that the sense of power can
be brought into the story since it is such a big part of the Russian Revolution. These
times were filled with war and powerful leaders who made big influences on the
results of this big movement. Control of power is the main theme/idea in this.

At last, when the oppression has touched its extent the animals realized that their
respect for their leader and fear towards commandment is used by the
leader(napoleon)to exploit them. They expressed their grief towards this and stated
that political power is always the same whoever has it and whatever ideology they
follow ultimately the strata which are following their rules and regulation will be in
loss.
8 THE FAMOUS DIALOGUE QUOTED BY THE AUTHOR ABOUT BOXER WAS THAT “I WILL WORK AND EVERYTHING
WILL BE FINE” IN NOVELLA WRITTEN BY GEORGE ORWELL