assignment

1. Give 2 examples of Genotype and Phenotype.

GENOTYPE EXAMPLES:

1. Eye color

A gene encodes eye color. In this example, the allele is either brown, or blue, with one
inherited from the mother, and the other inherited from the father. The brown allele is dominant (B),
and the blue allele is recessive (b). If the child inherits two different alleles (heterozygous) then they
will have brown eyes. For the child to have blue eyes, they must be homozygous for the blue eye
allele.

Figure 1: Inheritance chart detailing how an individual may

inherit blue or brown eyes depending on the alleles carried by
their parents, with the brown eye color allele being dominant and
the blue eye color allele being recessive.

2. Mutated TYR gene

Another example, if you met someone with albinism you would know they most likely have a
mutated TYR gene, because that’s the most common cause of albinism. That mutated TYR gene is
part of their genotype, and albinism is part of their phenotype.

PHENOTYPE EXAMPLES:

1. Pink Flamingos

Flamingos are a classic example of how the environment influences the phenotype. Whilst
renowned for being vibrantly pink, their natural color is white – the pink color is caused by pigments in
the organisms in their diet.

Figure 2: Flamingos are naturally white in color, it is only the

pigments in the organisms that they eat that cause them to turn
vibrantly pink.

2. Height

For an individual's gene makeup there is tall variety (T) and there is short variety (s). T and s
are called the alleles. The combination of these determines the height. If T is considered to be the
dominant of the two out of the four possible combinations (Ts, ss, TT, sT) it is determined the
individual to be pure breed and carry the height of the T genetic information. As a result, the
probability of the offspring being short is 1 in 4.
2. What is Multiple Alleles?

According to the article from Technology Networks (2020) entitled Multiple Alleles : Meaning,
Characteristics and Examples I Genes, the word allele is a general term to denote the alternative
forms of a gene or contrasting gene pair that denote the alternative form of a gene is called allele.
These alleles were previously considered by Bateson as hypothetical partner in Mendelian
segregation. Thus, three or more kinds of genes occupying the same locus in individual
chromosome are referred to as multiple alleles. In short many alleles of a single gene are called
multiple alleles. The concept of multiple alleles is described under the term “multiple allelism”.

Characteristics of Multiple Alleles:

1. The study of multiple alleles may be done in population.

2. Multiple alleles are situated on homologous chromosomes at the same locus.

3. There is no crossing over between the members of multiple alleles. Crossing over takes place
between two different genes only (inter-generic recombination) and does not occur within a gene
(intragenic recombination).

4. Multiple alleles influence one or the same character only.

5. Multiple alleles never show complementation with each other. By complementation test the allelic
and non-allelic genes may be differentiated well. The production of wild type phenotype in a trans-
heterozygote for 2 mutant alleles is known as complementation test.

6. The wild type (normal) allele is nearly always dominant while the other mutant alleles in the series
may show dominance or there may be an intermediate phenotypic effect.

7. When any two of the multiple alleles are crossed, the phenotype is of a mutant type and not the
wild type.

8. Further, F2 generations from such crosses show typical monohybrid ratio for the concerned
character.