Module 1: 4.

Topographic Surveys
Introduction to Safety Management
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Safety Management! In this module, we will
have an overview of the basic
principles of safety management concepts and practices.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• Define what is safety management.
• Discuss the relevance of safety management.
• Determine the basic principles of safety management
concepts and practices.
- surveys to determine the shape of the ground, and the
location and elevation of natural and artificial features.
- mostly conducted with land features such as hills,
mountains, volcanoes, plateau, etc.
5. Hydrographic Surveys
- surveying of any water bodies. (streams, oceans, lakes,
seas, etc.)
- topographic survey but with water.
6. Route Surveys
- used to determine line and grade in connection with the
planning design of proposed road networks.

READ: Geodetic Engineers work on different fields and not

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND METHODS OF limited to Surveying only.
SAFETY MEASUREMENT  This turns out to be a misconception. People think
Author: Elyas Jazayeri, University of Kentucky that a Geodetic Engineer is only limited to the works
of Surveying.
“According to construction industry needs in order to That the occupation of a GE is only bounded by
improve safety performance, the definition of safety surveying of land properties.
management system should be defined and the elements
included in safety management system should be clarified Different jobs of GE
in order to have good quality system. 1.Cartography
There are many definitions for safety management • the art and science of graphically representing a
system (SMS) but according to Safety Management geographical area, usually on a flat surface such as a map
International Collaboration Group the definition of Safety or chart. It may involve the superimposition of political,
Management System is “A series of defined, organization- cultural, or other nongeographical divisions onto the
wide process that provide for effective risk-based decision representation of a geographical area.
making related to your daily business. • People working with Cartography in relation to Geodetic
Engineering are called Cartographers, Draftsman.
The benefits of Safety Management System in the
construction/ engineering industry are the following:
1. Reducing the number of injuries to personnel and
operatives in the work place through the prevention and
control of work place hazards.
2. Minimize the risk of major accidents
3. Controlling workplace risks improve employee morale
and enhance productivity
4. Minimizing production interruptions and reducing
material and equipment damage
5. Reducing the cost of insurance as well as the cost of
employee absences.
6. Minimizing legal cost of accident litigation, fines,
reducing expenditures on emergency supplies
7. Reducing accident investigation time, supervisors’ time
diverted, clerical efforts, and the loss of expertise and
experiences. 2.Geographic Information System
L-3 • A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer
System for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying
What is a Geodetic Engineer? data related to positions on Earth’s surface. By relating
 a professional using an organized act in gathering seemingly unrelated data, GIS can help individuals and
physical data on the surface of the earth with the use of organizations better understand spatial patterns and
precision instruments. He/ she also uses scientific and relationships.
methodical processing of these data and presenting them • People working with GIS are called mappers, GIS
on graphs, plans, maps, charts or documents. specialists, Planners, etc.

Surveying
• a means of making relatively large - scale, accurate
measurements of the Earth’s surfaces. It includes the
determination of the measurement data, the reduction and
interpretation of the data to usable form, and, conversely,
the establishment of relative position and size according to
given measurement requirements.
• Geodetic Engineers working in the field of Surveying are
called Surveyors.
Different Types of Surveys
There are various types of surveys but those which are
frequently conducted are the following:
1. Cadastral Surveys
- usually closed surveys which are done in both urban and
rural areas.
- undertaken to determine property boundary lines (on a
large scale).
- used to settle barangay, municipal/city, provincial;, and
etc. boundaries.
2. Construction Surveys
- surveys undertaken on a construction site.
- provides data (grades, dimensions, elevation,
building/floor alignment.
3. Forestry Surveys
- conducted for forest management and mensuration.
- conservation of forestlands ( sole purpose)
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3.Remote Sensing
• the process of detecting and monitoring the physical
characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and
emitted radiation at a distance (typically from satellite or
aircraft). Special cameras collect remotely sensed images,
which help researchers "sense" things about the Earth.
Some examples are:
1.Cameras on satellites and airplanes take images of
large areas on the Earth's surface, allowing us to see
much more than we can see when standing on the ground.
2.Sonar systems on ships can be used to create images
of the ocean floor without needing to travel to the bottom
of the ocean.
3.Cameras on satellites can be used to make images of
temperature changes in the oceans

4.Photogrammetry
• is the science and technology of making measurements
using photographs.
• Drones are usually used in data collection and
processed by softwares creating an orthophoto and/ or
photomosaic.
• People working with photogrammetry are called
photogrammetrist, photogrammetry engineer.