now let's talk about linear speed and

angular speed what is the difference

between the two what's the difference

between linear and angular speed what

would you say linear speed carries the

idea of how fast you're moving forward

angular speed tells you how fast

something is rotating so let's say if a

car is traveling forward you would

describe its speed in terms of linear

speed the car is moving 40 miles per

hour east in that case that's linear

velocity if you add direction to it

angler speed has to do with rotation

let's say if the disc spins at 30 rpms

30 revolutions per minute or rotations

per minute that would be its angular

speed linear speed can be calculated in

terms of a circle it's the arc length

divided by a team perhaps you've seen

this equation in physics D is equal to

VT or D equals RT if you solve for V its

distance over time since we're dealing

with circles the distance around a

circle or portion of the circle could be

described as the arc length so V is s

over T angular speed is described by the

symbol Omega which looks like a W Omega

is equal to the angle theta divided by T

so the linear speed has units such as

meters per second

it could be feet per second miles per

hour or even kilometers per hour those

are some common units of linear speed

angular speed it's basically the angle

divided by the time so it could be

degrees per second let's let me put like

the little degree symbol for a second it

could be radians per second which is

more common and even the revolutions per

minute which can be described as rpms if

you see that so those are some common

units of linear speed and angular speed

so make sure you know these two

equations v is equal to s over T and

Omega is equal to theta over T now a lot

of problems that I'm gonna solve after

this introduction I'm gonna use a

conversion process because it makes

everything a lot easier now there's one

more equation you need to know linear

speed is equal to the radius times Omega

that's how you can connect the two now

here are some conversions you need to

know so anytime you see the word rpm use

revolutions per minute so 20 rpms is 20

revolutions per minute one revolution is

equal to two pi radians one mile is 5280

feet point six two one four miles is

equal to one kilometer and one kilometer

is 1,000 meters so those are some common

conversion factors that you'll need and

it helps to think of the radius as being

the less per unit radian so let's say if

the radius is five centimeters for these

types of problems it's helpful if you

view it as five centimeters per Radian

and you'll see how I'm gonna use it

later in this video

so here's the first example a will spins

at an angular speed of eight radians per

second the radius of the will is five

centimeters what is the linear speed of

the world so the equation that connects

the angular speed with the linear speed

is this equation V is equal to Omega

times R Omega in this case is eight

radians per second now we have the radio

which is 5 centimeters but I like to

think of the radius as being 5

centimeters per Radian so we can cancel

the unit radians we're gonna get V in

terms of centimeters per second 8 times

5 is 40 so this is the linear speed

forty centimeters per second now a

common unit for speed is meters per

second so let's go ahead and convert it

into that I need to know that 100

centimeters is equal to 1 meter by the

way if you got this answer that's good

enough but sometimes they may ask you to

convert to meters per second because

it's very common so here's what you can

do we need to cancel the unit's

centimeters so we need to use this

conversion factor let's put centimeters

on the bottom so that these two will

cancel and we're gonna put one meter on

top so 40 divided by 100 is point 4 so

the speed is point four meters per

second

so whether you write it as 40

centimeters per second or point four

meters per second your answer is still

correct but you should always identify

your units so your teacher knows if you

have the right answer or not number two

a disc with a radius of 4 centimeters

spins at 30 rpms what is the linear

speed in feet per second and use the

fact that when one meter is equal to

three point two eight one feet so we're

gonna solve this problem by using the

unit conversion let's start with 30 rpms

30 rpms is equivalent to 30 revolutions

per minute that is the angular speed of

the discus how fast it's spinning and

one minute it makes 30 revolutions or 30

complete spins in that single minute now

so what should we convert revolutions to

you want to convert revolutions to

radians because once you have radians

you could use the radius to convert it

to centimeters

now recall that one revolution is equal

to two pi radians so using this

conversion factor where shall we put one

revolutions on the top or on the bottom

we need to put it on a bottom so that

the unit revolutions will cancel and

let's put two pi radians on top once you

have the unit radians use the radius to

convert it to a unit of length now the

radius is 4 centimeters but for these

problems it's helpful if you think of it

as 4 centimeters per Radian so the unit

radiance will cancel and now we need to

convert centimeters to feet

recall that when one meter is equal to

100 centimeters so let's put the unit

centimeters on the bottom so that it

will cancel now we can use this

conversion factor to convert meters into

feet one meter is equal to three point

two eight one feet so the unit meters

cancel but we have one of our desired

units which is the unit fee so we're not

going to cancer this unit we're gonna

keep it the last thing we need to do is

convert minutes into seconds so because

the unit minutes is on the bottom we

need to put on the top and one minute is

equal to 60 seconds so let's put one

minute on top 60 seconds on the bottom

so the unit minutes cancels so the only

units that remain are the unit's feet

which we have here and the units seconds

so we now have to desire unit once you

have it you know you have the right

answer so now everything on top every

number in the numerator will be

associated with multiplication

every number in the bottom will be

associated with division so it's gonna

be 30 times 2 pi times 4 divided by 100

times 3 point 2 8 1 divided by 60 so

what I have is 0.4 1 2 3 feet per second

so that's the answer that I got so

that's the leaner speed and feet per

second number 3 a wheel makes 10

revolutions every 4 seconds what is the

angular speed and radians per second so

first let's find the angular speed given

the information that we have the angular

speed is equal to the angle divided by

the time the angle is 10 revolutions the

time is 4 seconds so 10 divided by 4

this is 2.5 revolutions per second now

let's convert that into radians per

second so we know that there's 2 pi

radians per 1 revolution and so the unit

revolutions will cancel and this will

give us 2.5 times 2 pi that's 5 PI R as

a decimal it's fifteen point seven zero

eight radians per second I'm gonna write

it as five pi as well just to get to

have the exact answer for Part B so now

Part B if the radius is 0.5 feet what is

the linear speed in miles per hour so

let's start with this number five pi

radians per second since that's an exact

value now the radius is 0.5 feet that

means that one Radian has a length of

0.5 feet that's what that means so we

can cancel the unit radians and now we

have

the linear speed in feet per second so

keep in mind V is equal to Omega times R

this portion of the equation or the

conversion is Omega and this is the

radius so once you multiply Omega by the

radius you now have V the linear speed

so all we need to do is change the units

from feet per second to miles per hour

now if you recall one mile is equal to

5,280 feet now we need to convert

seconds into minutes minutes into hours

there's 60 seconds in one minute and

there's 60 minutes in a single hour so

these units will disappear and those

units as well so we now have a mouse per

hour so it's gonna be five pi times 0.5

times 60 times 60 divided by 5,280 so

this is equal to five point three five

miles per hour or mph and so this is the

answer number four a bus has a wheel

radius of one point four feet and is

moving at a linear speed of 45

kilometers per hour what is the angular

speed of each will and rpm so we have

the radius and we have the linear speed

we got to find the angular speed so we

know V is equal to Omega times R which

means the angular speed is the linear

speed times 1 over R or divided by R so

we're gonna have to divide these two but

we can't do it right now because the

units do not match if this was in

kilometers we can just go ahead and

divide it but we can't but eventually at

some point we're gonna have to divide

the linear speed by the radius so let's

start with V the linear speed which is

45 kilometers

per hour now because the radius is in

feet needs to convert kilometers into

feet now we know that there's a thousand

meters per kilometer which I mentioned

earlier in his video and based on a

previous problem you know that one meter

is equal to three point two eight one

feet every conversion factor that you

come across it might be helpful to write

it down and just commit it to memory so

meters cancel now that we have the unit

feet we can use the radius to convert

from feet to radians so if the radius is

one point four feet that means that the

length of one Radian is one point four

feet if you recall the definition of a

Radian is the Radian is the angle in

which the radius is equal to the arc

length and that's the measure of one

Radian and to calculate the angle in

radians it's the arc length divided by

the radius so whatever the radius is one

Radian is going to have a length of the

radius it just works out that way

so the unit feet will cancel and now we

have the units irradiance per hour by

the way everything up to this point was

V the linear speed until we divide V by

the radius which is 1.4 now we have the

angular speed so we currently have the

angular speed and units of radians per

hour so anytime you hear the unit

radians or revolutions you now have the

angular speed but we need to convert it

to rpms which is we need revolutions per

minute so let's convert hours into

minutes one hour is equal to 60 minutes

so the unit hours disappears and now

let's convert radians to revolutions we

know that one revolution is equal to 2pi

radians and so the unit radians cancel

so we'll left with revolutions on top

minutes on the bottom which is what we

want and now we just got to do the math

so it's 45 times 1000 times three point

zero eight one divided by one point four

divided by 60 and divided by two pi when

you divided by two pi if you're not

getting the answer make sure you put

this in parenthesis otherwise your

calculator will divide by two and then

multiply by pi which you don't want that

so the answer that I have is two seventy

nine point seven four revolutions per

minute or basically if you want to round

it approximately 280 rpms so that's the

answer now for the sake of practice go

ahead and try this problem a truck with

a wheel radius of 1.7 feet moves with a

linear speed of 35 miles per hour what

is the angular speed of each will in

Ian's per second so we're looking for

the angular speed Omega it's gonna be

the linear speed V divided by the radius

so at some point we're gonna have to

divide these two but we can't do it yet

because we have mouse and the radius is

in feet so let's start with 35 miles per

hour and let's convert miles into feet

so this 5,280 feet per mile so now that

we have the unity we could divide it by

the radius so the left of 1 Radian is

the radius which is 1.7 feet and we can

cancel the unit feet so now we have the

angular speed in radians per hour we'll

need to convert it to seconds so in 1

hour there's 60 minutes and in 1 minute

there's 60 seconds and so this problem

is actually shorter than the rest but

that's all you need to do to get the

answer so now we have our desired Venis

radians over seconds so let's multiply

35 by 5,280 and then divide that by 1.7

and then take that result divide it by

60 and divided by 60 again so you should

have thirty point one nine six radians

per second I'm just gonna double check

to make sure I typed in everything

correctly and that should be it so

that's the angular speed in radians per

second