now let's talk about the unit circle so

what exactly is the unit circle the unit

circle is a circle with a radius of one

so if we draw array at a 45 degree angle

and let's say if we turn it into a

triangle the hypotenuse of that triangle

will be equal to one at a 45 degree

angle the x and y portion of the

triangle have the same value so

therefore the point occurs at this value

root 2 comma 2 and the x and y values

are the same now you want to know these

values because let's say if you wish to

find sine of 45 degrees sine is equal to

let's say this angles theta sine theta

is equal to the Y value of this point in

the unit circle cosine theta is equal to

the x value of any terminal point on in

a circle so keep in mind for the unit

circle the radius is always 1 and when R

is 1 cosine is equal to X and sine is

equal to Y so if we want to find the

value of sine 45 its simply equal to the

y coordinate of the point that is

associated with 45 degrees so this is

going to be the square root of 2/2 and

you need to know this because it helps

you to evaluate sine and cosine

functions based on the unit circle now

let's talk about some other common

values on a unit circle I'm gonna focus

mostly on quadrant 1 because if you know

the values in quadrant one you could use

that to find everything else there's

three common values you need to know

30 45 and 60 add a 30-degree angle the

x-value

is root 3 over 2 and the y value is 1

over 2 at a 45-degree angle we've

covered this one already it's the square

root of 2 come over to common square

root 2 over 2 the x and y values are the

same now at 60 the x value is 1/2 the Y

value is root 3 over 2 as you can see

some of these values repeat at 0 degrees

and that 90 at 0 it's gonna be 1 comma 0

and at 90 is 0 comma 1 at 180 X is

negative Y is 0 and at 270 then Y is

negative but x is 0 so x is 0 Y is a

negative 1 so let's say if you want to

evaluate cosine of 270 degrees you would

choose the x value it would equal 0 now

let's try some other examples based on

the unit circle go ahead and evaluate

these trig functions find the value of

sine of 60 degrees and also find the

value of cosine and 180 and in addition

find the value of sine 30 so sine 60 at

60 degrees look for the Y value it's the

square root of 3 divided by 2 so that's

the value of sine 60 cosine 180 choose

the x value that's associated with the

180 angle and so cosine 180 is negative

1 and sine 30 choose the Y value sine 30

is 1/2 so if you have access to the unit

circle or if you commit it to memory you

can easily evaluate any sine or cosine

function

now let's say if we want to find the

value of sine and 135 cosine 225 and

sine of 315 because we didn't have those

angles in a circle that we drew so how

can we find these values without

actually having to memorize the entire

unit circle so remember you only need to

know the first quadrant and also the

values at the X and y axis if you have

that you can figure out everything else

so let's start with a 45 degree angle at

45 we said that this correlates to a

point that's equal to the square root of

2 over 2 and the x and y values are the

same now 45 and 135 are similar an angle

of 135 creates the same reference angle

as 45 so this is 135 measured from the

positive x-axis but it creates a

reference angle of 45 with the negative

x-axis therefore the X and y values are

going to be very similar at 135

everything is the same except X X is

negative in Quadrant 2 but Y is positive

but the numbers are still the same

square root 2 over 2 that hasn't changed

the only thing that changes is the sign

so if we wish to evaluate sine of 135 we

need to use the Y value so it's equal to

positive square root 2 divided by 2 now

at 225 it also forms a reference angle

of 45 so therefore these values would be

the same only the signs will change so

at an angle of 225 these are the

coordinates it's negative square root 2

divided by 2 comma negative square root

2 divided by 2 in Quadrant 3 both x and

y are negative so therefore if we

to evaluate cosine of 225 degrees it's

gonna be the x value so it's gonna be

negative square root 2/2 now let's go

over 315 which also have a reference

angle of 45 so at 315 X is positive but

Y is negative in Quadrant 4 and we're

looking for the Y value for sine 315 so

therefore it's negative root 2 over 2 so

that's why if you know the angle in

Quadrant 1 you don't have to memorize

the values for quadrant 2 3 and 4 you

can figure it out based on the symmetry

of the graph and I'll give you some more

examples of this let's find the value of

sine PI over 4 I mean PI over 3 cosine 2

pi over 3 sine 4 PI over 3 and also

cosine 5 PI over 3 now if you recall pi

is equal to 180 degrees so pi divided by

3 180 over 3 is 60 so PI over 3

corresponds to an angle of 60 degrees

now this is the one that we need to know

at PI over 3 or 60 degrees you need to

know that the point that it corresponds

to is this one X is 1/2 but Y is the

square root of 3 over 2 now from this

value you could find the other 4 hours

so I'm just going to write this in

radians PI over 3 2 PI over 3

is in Quadrant two and then we have 4 PI

over 3 and 5 PI over 3

all of these share the same reference

angle of 60 or PI over three the

reference angle is between the terminal

side and the x-axis so here they all

have the same reference angle now let's

write the values at 2 PI over 3 X is

negative but Y is positive and so

understanding this process can help me

to memorize the entire unit circle but

you will need to know the values in

quadrant one after that four quadrants 2

3 and 4 just change the sign accordingly

the X values are negative in quadrants

two and three that's these two quadrants

and Y is negative in 3 & 4 now in

Quadrant 3 both x and y are negative so

this is going to be negative 1/2

negative root 3 over 2 everything is

based on this value in Quadrant 4 X is

positive but Y is negative so now we can

evaluate sine PI over 3 so PI over 3 we

need to use the Y value for sine so this

is equal to the square root of 3 divided

by 2 now cosine 2 PI over 3 we need to

use the x value at 2 PI over 3 so that's

negative 1/2 now sine 4 PI over 3 and we

need to use the Y value so that's

negative root 3 divided by 2

and finally for cosine 5 PI over 3 we'll

need to use the x value which means it's

positive 1/2 so now you know how to

evaluate trigonometric functions using a

unit circle go ahead and find these

values sine PI over 6 cosine 5 PI over 6

cosine 7 PI over 6 and sine 11 PI over 6

so PI over 6 that's 180 divided by 6 so

that

is equal to 30 degrees so feel free to

pause the video and use what we've

talked about to evaluate those functions

so let's draw a circle so this is going

to be PI over 6 5 PI over 6 which is 5

times 30 that's 157 PI over 6 is 210 11

PI over 6 is 2 30

now at PI over 6 X is equal to root 3/2

but Y is 1/2 at 5 PI over 6 X will be

negative Y is positive at 7 PI over 6

both x and y are negative and that 11 PI

over 6 in Quadrant for X is positive but

Y is negative now let's go ahead and

evaluate sine PI over 6 so at PI over 6

we're going to use the Y value to

evaluate sine so sine PI over 6 or sine

30 is positive 1/2 now cosine 5 PI over

6 we need to use the x value so cosine 5

PI over 6 is equal to negative square

root 3/2 cosine is always a negative in

Quadrant 2 in Quadrant 3 cosine is

negative as well but cosine 7 PI over 6

it's going to be the same negative root

3/2

and finally sine of 11 PI over 6 so we

need to use the Y value and sine is

negative in Quadrant 4 so it's a

negative 1/2