in this video we're going to focus on

relations and functions

so what is a relation

a relation is a set of pairs of input

and output values

here we have three ordered pairs

in the first relation on the left

the x value

is the input value

the y value is the output value

the x values is associated with the

domain of the relation the y values is

associated with

the range of the relation

so now let's focus on part a list the

domain and range of each relation

so let's start with the domain

so what we're going to do is we're going

to make a list of all of the x values

and i'm going to write it in ascendant

order

so first we have negative three

and then zero

and two

now let's write the range

of that relation

so we're going to focus on

the y values and it's already listed in

ascendant order

so 1 4
and 5.

now let's do the same thing for the

other relation

so let's write out the domain

so the lowest

x value is negative two

next is one and then three

now let's write out the range

of that relation

the lowest y value

is negative two

and then it's

three four and seven

so that's how you can write out the

domain and range of each relation

now how can we determine if the relation

is a function

in order for the relation to be a

function

every input value

must have

only one output value

if an input value corresponds to two or

more output values

that relation is not a function

now

let's focus on the first relation

so we have the ordered pair 2 1 the

input value is 2 the output value is 1.

and then negative 3 4. so negative 3

corresponds to 4

and then 0 corresponds to 5.

so for the first relation we can see

that

for every input value there's only one

output value

now let's focus on the second relation

so we have the ordered pair one comma

three

next is negative two four

and then it's three negative two

and then finally negative two seven

so for the second relation notice that

negative two corresponds

to two different output values

now that's a problem

if you put in an input value of negative

two should the output be four or seven

so whenever you have that situation you

know that relation

is not

a function

the first one is a function

every input value corresponds to an

output value just one output value

so a quick way to

look at a relation to see if it's

if it's not going to be a function

look for repeating x values

if you see

two x values that are the same

but correspond to two different y values

then you know the relation is not a

function

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and let's get back to the video

now let's move on to the next example

draw a mapping diagram of each relation

shown below

so let's start with the relation on the

left

we're going to map out the domain and

arrange

so for the domain we have the values

negative 2

1 and 3.

for the range we have the y values

negative 6

and 4.

now negative two

corresponds to zero

one corresponds to four

three

corresponds to negative six

so for every input value on the domain

side there's one corresponding

output value on a range side

so this

is a relation

i mean

this relation is a function so the

answer is yes for

the first relation

now let's move on to the second

relation

so let's create a mapping diagram as

well

so let's start with the domain

the lowest x value is negative two

next we have

zero

and then the last one is three

now looking at the y values

the lowest one is negative one

and then it's going to be one

two and five

so negative two corresponds

to positive one

zero corresponds to five

three corresponds to two

and zero

corresponds to negative one

so just by seeing

the repeat x values that we see here we

could tell that

this is not going to be

a function

the two x values have two different y

values

you can see zero points to negative one

and five

so the second relation

is not

a function

now for this one what we're going to do

is we're going to draw a function table

of the relation

and then we're going to determine if the

relation is a function

so in this table we're going to list

the input values

next to the output values

the input values represent the x values

the output values represent the y values

so the input values it corresponds to

the domain and the output values

corresponds to the range

so the lowest input value that we have

is negative three

next

is one

and then we have another one

and then after that is

it's three and five

now for this function table

i'm going to write the input value twice

because that's what we have here

when writing out

the domain and the range

for repeat values we would write repeat

values once

now negative three corresponds to two

for the table

these numbers need to match so i'm not

going to list the output values in

ascendant order

now for this one

we could use either one so i'm going to

use 1 2 for the next one and then 1 4.

now when x is 3 y is 7

and when x is 5 y is negative 4.

so that's the function table

and because we have

two identical x values that correspond

to two different y values

we know that this relation

is not

a function

so that's it for this problem

when you have a graph

the best way to determine if the graph

represents a function is to use the

vertical line test and that's what we're

going to do in this problem

so any way you draw a vertical line

for the first graph notice that

the line only touches the graph at one

point

therefore

this is the answer is yes it represents

a function

for the next one on the right if we draw

a vertical line

notice at
this point or place a line at that

location

we have

three points of intersection between a

graph and a vertical line

if we can get two or more points on a

vertical line then a relation is not a

function so we're going to say no

now if we put the vertical line here

notice that we have five points on that

line

so this relation is not a function

for the next relation

it doesn't matter where we put the graph

we will only get

i mean doesn't matter where we put the

vertical line we're only going to get

one point

if we put it here

it's only going to touch the line once

so we can't draw a vertical line where

it touches two points therefore

this relation represents a function

for the circle

if we put the line here

we can get two points of intersection

so we're going to say yes i mean no not

yes

this is no

the circle does not represent a function

it does not pass the vertical line test

it touches the line

at two points in order for it to pass

the vertical line test the graph must

touch the line only at one point

as we

saw in these two cases

so that's how you can use the vertical

line test to determine

if a relation represented by a graph

is a function