Greetings

I’m here to tackle about Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids. In the past discussion, we
are discussing more on the Intermolecular forces of liquids then now let’s move on to the other
one which is the solids.
*read*
Matter anything that occupies space and has mass. So basically, We can say that. All
physical objects are composed of matter.
Solid, Liquid, Gas 3 basic state of matter.
We already discussed about the one state which is liquid so now well be knowing more about
solids.
When we talk about solids The molecules in it are closely packed together and contain the least
amount of kinetic energy. Also, these particles in solids are packed closely together and are not
free to move about within the substance. Solid is generally thought as being hard and firm.
Two General Types of Solids
Arrangements of Particles
Crystalline solids -  are those in which the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid
exist in a regular, well-defined arrangement. It has distinctive internal structures that in turn lead
to distinctive flat surfaces or faces.
Examples:
Crystalline ice consists of water molecules arranged in a geometrically repeating pattern, either
cubic or hexagonal. A solid state of water, a normally liquid substance that freezes.
Sodium Chloride most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of
many multicellular organisms. Has a crystalline structure made up of Sodium and Chloride ions.
are arranged in a regular pattern. Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions, and each
chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions.

Copper is a white crystalline powder in its anhydrous state (A substance is anhydrous if it

contains no water.), although it occurs most commonly as the pentahydrate, which is a blue
granular crystalline solid. When the pentahydrate is heated, it loses its water of hydration and
returns to its white, powdery anhydrous state. The transition between its white anhydrous form
and its blue hydrated form is sometimes used in devices and toys that indicate the presence or
absence of moisture in the air.

Diamond is a network covalent solid with no molecular boundaries. Each carbon atom in
diamond is covalently bound to 4 other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral array. Because there are
NO molecular boundaries, the physical properties of diamond, melting point/boiling point, are so
high as to be almost unmeasurable.

Graphite is a crystalline allotrope of carbon as it have defined internal crystalline 3-D solid,rigid
structure also is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
Sugar As with many solids that precipitate from solution it forms regular crystalline structures A
sugar solid is made of nonmetallic elements that form sugar molecules and do not form ions or
individual free-standing atoms, thereby eliminating the atomic, metallic, and ionic crystalline
solids as options, too. Sugar is a poor thermal and electrical conductor, with relatively low
melting and boiling points. Those properties are not exhibited by ionic crystalline solids and
metallic crystalline solids.

As you can see in the slide these are the picture Minerals, Sand, Clay, Limestone, metal and
alloys and those all have crystalline structures. That are formed by repeating three dimensional
patterns of ions, atoms or molecules. That is why we referred this to as Long- Range order.
*Read*
Amorphous solids- do not have much order in their structures. Though their molecules are
close together and have little freedom to move, they are not arranged in a regular order as are
those in crystalline solids. have a random arrangement of atoms. They tend to melt over a wide
range of temperature. This behavior is a result of the variation in the arrangement of particles in
their structures, causing some parts of the solid to melt ahead of other parts.
Examples
Glass-The material (often containing silica) is easily cooled from its liquid state when a
glass is made but does not solidify if its temperature drops below its melting point.
Plastic *read*
Coal is an Amorphous carbon which is the name used for carbon that does not have any
crystalline structure or in “shapeless,” form in substances such as coal and charcoal.
Rubber which can be mold into all types of shapes and sizes. 
As I have mentioned a while ago crystalline solids have long range order while amorphous
solids like liquids don’t have but may have a limited, localized order in their structures.
The differences in the properties of these two groups of solids arise from the presence and
absence of long-range order of arrangements of particles in the solid
Behavior when heated
The presence or absence of long-range order in the structure of solids results in a difference in
the behavior of the solid when heated.
Crystal lattice*read* The structures of crystalline solids are built from this. repeating units. It
means that the surroundings of particles in the structure are uniform, and the attractive forces
experienced by the particles are of similar types and strength.