Candatu Vanessa R.

Pre-Task

BSP3D September 9, 2021

Questions:

1. Discuss the mechanism of action and side-effect profiles of the cholinesterase inhibitors.

2. Discuss the mechanism of action and side-effect profile of memantine.

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of estrogen, anti inflammatory agents, lipid-
lowering agents, and dietary supplements (vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba, huperzine A,
polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acid, and medical foods) as treatments for patients with AD. 
You may answer at least 2 of the agents only.

Answers:

1.

Cholinesterase Mechanism Side-effects Reference

inhibitors. of Action

Example/s: Cholinesterase The Side-effect https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.

inhibitor works, profile of gov/books/NBK544336/
 Donepezil by inhibiting the Cholinesterase
acetylcholinester inhibitors are:
 Rivastigmine
ase (AChE). nausea, vomiting,
 Galantamine diarrhea, and
dizziness.

2.

Drug Mechanism of Side-effects Reference

Action

Memantin Works by blocking the The Side-effect https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.

e current flow along the profile of Memantine gov/16368266/
channels of N-methyl-d- are dizziness and
aspartate (NMDA) headache
receptors
 3.

Medicatio Advantages Disadvantages Reference

n
Estrogen Estrogen may help to Estrogen-containing https://www.alzheimers.org.
protect the brain from hormone therapy uk/about-dementia/risk-
Alzheimer's by initiated during the factors-and-
blocking some of the late postmenopause prevention/hormones-and-
harmful effects of the does not improve dementia
amyloid-β protein. episodic memory (an https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
important early v/pmc/articles/PMC3683552
symptom of /
Alzheimer's disease),
and it increases
dementia risk.
Anti- Anti inflammatory Anti-Inflammatory https://jamanetwork.com/jo
Inflammatory agents improves Agents can cause urnals/jamaneurology/fullart
Agents cognitive severe or life- icle/777966
performance and threatening https://www.everydayhealth.
slows decline in gastrointestinal (GI) com/nsaid/guide/
patients with AD. bleeding
Lipid- Lipid lowering agents Elevated cholesterol https://www.brightfocus.org
Lowering are use to reduce levels have been /alzheimers-
Agents stroke risk and linked to increased disease/article/do-statins-
cerebrovascular risk of Alzheimer's increase-or-decrease-
benefits may be later in life. This risk alzheimers-risk
important in reducing may be due to https://www.sciencedaily.co
dementia. genetic factors tied m/releases/2019/05/190528
to cholesterol. 120558.htm
D
i (1)Omega Omega 3 Fatty Acids Omega-3 fatty acids https://www.healthline.com/
e 3 Fatty are essential for are reported that nutrition/omega-3-fish-oil-
t Acids learning and memory reduced levels or for-brain-
a and they may slow intake of omega-3 health#:~:text=Your
age-related mental fatty acids or fish %20brain%20uses
r
decline and help ward consumption is %20omega%2D3s,5%20%2C
y off Alzheimer's associated with %206%20%2C%207%20).
disease. increased risk for https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
S age-related cognitive v/pmc/articles/PMC4019002
u decline or dementia /
p such as Alzheimer's
p disease (AD).
(2)Gingko Ginkgo biloba are said The possible side https://www.mayoclinic.org/
l
Biloba to show modest effects include diseases-
e improvements in stomach problems or conditions/alzheimers-
m
e
n
t
s
cognitive function for headaches. It can't be disease/expert-
older adults with ruled out that Ginkgo answers/ginkgo-biloba-
dementia. may interact with memory-loss/faq-
other medications. It 20058119#:~:text=Several
is also believed that %20small%2C%20early
it can increase the %20studies
effect of blood- %20showed,Alzheimer's
thinning medications %20disease%20in%20older
such as %20adults
acetylsalicylic acid https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
and warfarin. v/books/NBK279357/