Who was the

FIRST ENGINEER
INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY ?
OF CIVIL ENGINEERNG
CEP1 Civil Engineering Orientation

Engr. SiddArtha Valle | AY 2021-22 1st Sem

CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

Prehistoric humans were nomads

who designed their homes to
withstand variable weather
conditions and provide protection
from wild beasts and enemies

Imhotep, an Egyptian chancellor to the

pharaoh Djoser who had overseen the
construction of the step pyramid, was the
first structural engineer known by name.

CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 Civil engineering is a professional engineering that deals with the civ∙il
/’siv(ǝ)/

design construction maintenance

LATIN LATIN OLD FRENCH
of the civis civilis civil
citizen late Middle English
physical and naturally built environment
including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage DEFINITION
systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.
(1) a: of or relating to citizens, b: of or relating to the state
or its citizenry;
(2) of, relating to, or involving the general public, their
activities, needs, or ways, or civic affairs as distinguished
from special (such as military or religious) affairs

CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

en∙gi∙neer
/ˌenjəˈnir/

LATIN LATIN LATIN FRENCH

ingenium ingeniare ingeniator ingénieur

cleverness contrive, devise

As the design of civilian structures such as

The word engineer was initially used in the context of bridges and buildings developed as a
technical discipline, the term civil
warfare, dating back to 1325 when engine’er (literally,
engineering entered the lexicon as a way to
one who operates an engine) referred to "a constructor distinguish between those specializing in the
of military engines". construction of such non-military projects
and those involved in the older discipline.
In this context, "engine" referred to a military machine, i.
e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example,
a catapult). P RI V
C EHI LI S TVOS R
. Y M: I LNI ET O
ARL IYT H EI C
NGINEERING

CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 ● Caesar's bridges across the Rhine, the
• Engineering was institutionally ingrained first two bridges to cross the Rhine
in the Roman military, who constructed River on record, were built by Julius
forts, camps, bridges, roads, ramps, Caesar and his legionaries during the
palisades, and siege equipment Gallic War in 55 BC and 53 BC.
amongst others.

• The Romans were the first civilization to to
have a dedicated force of military
engineering specialists known as
architecti.
• The Roman architects were skilled in
engineering, art, and craftsmanship
combined.
● Double timber pilings were rammed
into the river bottom by winching up a
large stone and releasing it, thereby
driving the posts into the riverbed. The
most upstream and downstream
pilings were slanted and secured by a
beam.
● Since Caesar had over 40,000 soldiers CAESAR’S RHINE BRIDGE
at his disposal, they built the 400-m
bridge in only 10 days using local
lumber.

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

● Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (70-15 BC) was

a Roman author, architect, civil and
military engineer during the 1st
century BC, known for his
multi-volume work entitled De
architectura.
● As an army engineer he specialized
in the construction of ballista and
scorpio artillery war machines for
sieges.
● He wrote De architectura between
DA VINCI’S VITRUVIAN MAN INSPIRED BY VITRUVIUS’ 30-15 BC as treatise on architecture
IDEAS ON AESTHETIC AND ARCHITECTURE and a guide for building projects.
● De architecture contains a variety of information on
Greek and Roman buildings, as well as prescriptions
for the planning and design of military camps, cities,
and structures both large (aqueducts, buildings,
baths, harbours) and small (machines, measuring
devices, instruments).
● It is often cited for the Vitruvian "triad" of
characteristics associated with architecture –
utilitas, firmitas and venustas (utility, strength and
beauty).
● “The ideal building has three elements; it is sturdy, THE VITRUVIAN TRIAD
useful, and beautiful.”

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
The Ten Books on Architecture are as follows:
● Town planning, architecture or civil engineering in general, and the qualifications required of
an architect or the civil engineer
● Building materials
● Temples and the orders of architecture ● Throughout ancient and medieval history
● continuation of book III most architectural design and construction
● Civil buildings was carried out by artisans, such as
● Domestic buildings stonemasons and carpenters rising to the
● Pavements and decorative plasterwork role of master builder.
● Water supplies and aqueducts
● Sciences influencing architecture – geometry, measurement, astronomy, sundial ● Knowledge was retained in guilds and
● Use and construction of machines – Roman siege engines, water mills, drainage machines, seldom supplanted by advances.
Roman technology, hoisting, pneumatics
● Structures, roads and infrastructures that
existed were repetitive, and increases in
scale were incremental.

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

● Most buildings were designed using squares and

● A master builder or master mason is a central figure
leading construction projects in pre-modern times
(from the Middle Ages to Renaissance period). He was
the designer, engineer and contractor. He was the
man employed by the patron to be responsible for all
the building work.
● There would be a contract between the master
mason and the patron which set out what the master
mason was to build and how much he would be paid
for doing so. He was paid by the patron and he, in
turn, paid all the other men employed on the building
site.
circles. The master mason used simple geometry
to work out the proportions with a compass and
a square. He did not necessarily need to
understand the mathematics behind his design.
● Masons tended to lead nomadic lives. Masons
had to move on to their next source of
employment once a building had been
completed – and that could be many miles
away.
● Like other trades, master builders were initially
trained through lengthy apprenticeships to
persons already having that status, often
beginning in boyhood, and the "secrets of the
Master Builders were often jealously guarded,
and treated as sacred knowledge

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 ● Many copies of De architectura, dating from the 8th
to the 15th centuries, did exist in manuscript form
during the Middle Ages and 92 are still available in
public collections, but they appear to have
received little attention, possibly due to the
obsolescence of many specialized Latin terms used
by Vitruvius.
● Vitruvius' work was "rediscovered" in 1414 by the
Florentine humanist Poggio Bracciolini, who found it
in the Abbey library of Saint Gall, Switzerland. He
publicized the manuscript to a receptive audience
of Renaissance thinkers, just as interest in the
classical cultural and scientific heritage was
reviving.
POGGIO BRACCIOLINI
● The rediscovery of Vitruvius' work had a profound
influence on architects of the Renaissance,
prompting the rebirth of Classical architecture in
subsequent centuries.
● Renaissance architects, such as Niccoli,
Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti, found in De
architectura their rationale for raising their
branch of knowledge to a scientific discipline as
well as emphasising the skills of the artisan.
● During the Renaissance, building design became
so complex that the master builder could no
longer be responsible for both the design could
no longer be responsible for both the design and
the construction of a project.

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

● John Smeaton (1724 - 1792) was the first
self-proclaimed civil engineer.
● He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime (a
form of mortar that will set under water),
which led to the reemergence of
concrete as a modern building material.
He used hydraulic lime in the construction
of Eddystone lighthouse.
● He coined the term “civil engineer” to
distinguish them from military engineers
graduating from the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich.
EDDYSTONE LIGHTHOUSE
● In 1771, Smeaton, with some of his colleagues,
formed the Society of Civil Engineers, a group of
leaders of the profession who met informally over
dinner. Omnia in Numero,
Pondere et Mensura
● It was the first engineering society to be formed
anywhere in the world, and remains the oldest.
Thou hast ordered all things by
number, weight and measure.
● It was renamed the Smeatonian Society of Civil
Engineers after the founder’s death.
● The Society continues to this day, mainly as a dining
and discussion club of around sixty senior
professional engineers, and has often met at the
headquarters of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 ● The Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in 1818 as The initiative to found the institution was taken by 8 young
the world’s first professional engineering body. engineers:
● Henry Robinson Palmer (23)
● William Maudslay (23)
● The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally
● Thomas Maudslay (26)
recognizing civil engineering as a profession.
● James Jones (28)
● Charles Collinge (26)
● Thomas Telford was elected its first president, following his ● John Lethbridge (19)
reputation as a prolific designer of highways and related ● James Ashwell (19)
bridges. ● Joshua Field (32)

● By the end of the 19th century, ICE had introduced ---------

examinations for professional engineering qualifications to
help ensure and maintain high standards among its
members.
DID YOU KNOW?
THOMAS TELFORD
that Thomas Telford’s career in civil engineering started
when he apprenticed to a stonemason at the age of 14

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

● The first engineering school, Ecole

Royale de Ponts et Chasseuse, was
founded by Daniel Charles Trudaine
The art of directing the great sources of power in nature in 1747 in France.

for the use and convenience of man ● Following the creation of the Corps of
Bridges and Roads in 1716, the King’
as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and internal trade,
Council decided to found a specific
as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation and docks training course for the state’s
for internal intercourse and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, engineers.
breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of
commerce, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the drainage of ● It is one of the oldest and one of the
cities and towns most prestigious French Grande
Ecoles.
ECOLE DE PONTS PARISTECH

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 1826 The University College London offered a course in mechanical philosophy

1838 King’s College London first taught civil engineering

DID YOU KNOW?

Queen Victoria founded the first chair of civil engineering and mechanics
● The first batch of civil engineering students 1840 at the University of Glasgow, Scotland
at the Ecole were 50 students who taught
themselves geometry, algebra, mechanics
and hydraulics. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute offered the first course of civil engineering
1835 in the United States
● Visits of building sites, cooperations with
scientists and engineers and participation to The first woman to be awarded a degree in civil engineering was Nora
the drawing of the map of the kingdom 1907 Stanton Blatch from Cornell University in 1905.
used to complete their training, which was
usually 4 -12 years long.

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle

Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes y oficios de Manila bestowed the title

1890 maestra de obras
[1920s] Formation of the Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) by
a group of civil engineers from the public sector, with Engr. Marcial
The firt private school to offer an academic title for maestro de obras was the Liceo Kasilag as its first president
1900 de Manila
[1937] Formation of the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PSCE)
The Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas was founded as a a group of civil engineers from the private sector,, with Engr. Enrique
1901 professional organization merging the practitioners of architecture, civil engineering Sto. Tomas Cortes as its first president
and surveying.

The Academia merged with the Liceo and established the Escuela de Ingeniera y [1950] Republic Act no 544 (also known as the Civil Engineering Law)
1904 Arquitectura, which offered a five-year course in architecture and civil engineering. was passed through the efforts of PACE President Alberto Guevarra

The Faculty of Civil Engineering of the University of Santo Tomas was established as
1905 the School of Civil Engineering, with one program leading to the degree of Master of [1972] Merging of PACE and PSCE through the leadership of PACE
Science in Civil Engineering. President Engr. Cesar A. Caliwara

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CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 [December 11, 1973] Registration of the Philippine Institute of Civil
Engineers Inc to the Securities and Exchange Commission
[February 1974] First election of officers; Engr. Cesar Caliwara became
the first PICE president; Provincial chapters were organized
[August 13, 1975] The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
recognized the PICE as the only official organization of civil engineeris
inthe Philippines
[November 5, 2014] The month of November was declared as Civil
Engineering Month through Proclamation No. 904
HISTORY OF PICE
CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
The institute supports the formation of student chapters in
engineering institutions in order to:
Encourage civil engineering students to work
together in fellowship and dedication to Science
and Technology
Enhance and improve civil engineering standards,
curricula and facilities in schools
Provide encouragement, guidance and leadership
to civil engineering students
Promote association of civil engineering students
with the members of the civil engineering profession
CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
As of year 2020, PICE has more than 91,368 registered civil
engineer members in 105 chapters and some 21,177 civil
engineering student-members in 210 student chapters
throughout the country.
The regular chapters are formed for the purpose of:
Fostering closer association among members in an
area or locality
Encouraging the members to prepare and discuss
papers on the study of civil engineering problems in
that area or locality
Encouraging the cooperation with other allied
engineering, technical and scientific groups in the
area or locality in matters of common interest
CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
The formation of the international chapters is a manifestation of
the institute’s commitment to reach out to Filipino civil engineers
around the world and establish a more concrete point of union for
Filipino civil engineers.
Saudi Arabia - Eastern
Province ∎ Saudi Arabia -
Riyadh ∎ Qatar ∎ Oman ∎
Singapore ∎ Bahrain ∎ UAE
∎ Kuwait ∎ Brunei ∎ USA ∎
South Korea
CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle
 Association of Structural Association of Accredited
Engineers of the Consultant CE of the
Philippines (ASEP) Philippines (AACCEP)

Any
Association of Civil
Engineering Educators of
City and Municipal
Engineers Association of Questions?
the Philippines (ACEEP) the Philippines (CMEAP)
AFFILIATE
SOCIETIES
District Engineers League Philippine Association of
s.valle
of the Philippines (DELP) Building Officials (PABO)

ning :)
u for liste
Thank yo
Provincial Engineers Road Engineering
Association of the Association of the
Philippines (PEAP) Philippines (REAP)

no excuse
CEP1 Institutional History of Civil Engineering | Engr. S. Valle s!