Department of Microbial

Biotechnology (DMBT)

Panjab University
Chandigarh

Syllabus: 2019-2020, 2020-2021,

2021-2022 (M. Sc.)

1
 SYLLABUS -2019-2020, 2020-2021, 2021-2022
M.Sc. Microbial Biotechnology
st st
M.Sc. 1 year (1 Semester)

Code Credits
S. No. Course/Paper Theory Practical
Course No. Marks Course No. Marks
Microbial Biodiversity
1. MBT-101T 75 MBT-101 P 25 4
and Physiology
Immunology and
2. MBT-102T 75 MBT-102 P 25 4
Immunotechnology
Genetics and
3. Recombinant DNA MBT-103 T 75 MBT-103 P 25 4
Technology

Microbial Biochemistry
4. MBT-104 T 75 MBT-104 P 25 4
and Enzymology

4
5. Bioprocess Engineering MBT-105 T 75 MBT-105 P 25
Total Credits= 20
Total Marks = 500
st
M.Sc. 1 year (2ndSemester)

Code Credits
S. No. Course/Paper Theory Practical
Course No. Marks Course No. Marks
75
1. Medical Microbiology MBT-201 T MBT-201 P 25 4
4
2. Molecular Biology MBT-202 T 75 MBT-202 P 25
Industrial Microbiology-1 (Health,
3. MBT-203 T MBT-203 P 25 4
Food, Enzymes) 75
4. Bioinformatics & Biostatistics MBT-204 T MBT-204 P 25 4
75
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),
5. MBT-205 T MBT-205 P 25 4
Bioethics & Entrepreneurship 75

Total Credits= 20
Total Marks = 500

2
 nd rd
M.Sc. 2 year (3 Semester)

Code Credits
S. No. Course/Paper Theory Practical
Course No. Marks Course No. Marks
Advances in Microbial
1. Biotechnology (Genomics, MBT-301 T 75 MBT-301 P 25 4
Proteomics, Metabolomics)
Industrial Microbiology-II
2. (Environment, Biofuels, Chemicals, MBT-302 T 75 MBT-302 P 25 4
Biomass, Protocols)
Bioinstruments and their
3. MBT-303 T 75 MBT-303 P 25 4
Applications
Microbial Identification,
4. MBT-304 T 75 MBT-304 P 25 4
Diagnostics & Nanobiotechnology
4
5. Tutorials MBT-305 T 75 MBT-305 P 25
Total Credits= 20
Total Marks =500

nd th
M.Sc. 2 year (4 Semester)

Sr. Course/Paper Code Credits

No. Theory
Course No. Marks
1. Seminar &Journal Club MBT-401 T 100 4
2. Dissertation and Viva MBT-402 T 300+100 16
Total Credits= 20
Total Marks = 500

Consolidation of Marks and Credits

Sr. No. Class Total Marks Total No. of Credits

st
1. M.Sc. 1 Yr 1000 40
nd
2. M.Sc. 2 Yr 1000 40

Grand Total 2000 80

3
 Department of Microbial Biotechnology (DMBT)

Syllabus
for
M.Sc. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
2019-2020, 2020-2021, 2021-2022

Semester I

1. MBT-101: Microbial Biodiversity and Physiology

2. MBT-102: Immunology and Immunotechnology
3. MBT-103: Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology
4. MBT-104: Microbial Biochemistry and Enzymology
5. MBT-105: Bioprocess Engineering

Semester II

1. MBT-201: Medical Microbiology

2. MBT-202: Molecular Biology
3. MBT-203: Industrial Microbiology-1 (Health, Food, Enzymes)
4. MBT-204: Bioinformatics and Biostatistics
5. MBT-205: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Bioethics & Entrepreneurship

Semester III

1. MBT-301: Advances in Microbial Biotechnology (Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics)

2. MBT-302: Industrial Microbiology-II (Environment, Biofuels, Chemicals, Biomass,
Protocols)
3. MBT-303: Bioinstruments and their Applications
4. MBT- 304: Microbial Identification, Diagnostics & Nanobiotechnology
5. MBT-305: Tutorials

Semester IV

1. MBT-401: Seminar and Journal Club

2. MBT-402: Dissertation and Viva

4
 MBT-101: Microbial Biodiversity and Physiology

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) the diversity of microbes, (ii) growth &
nutrientrequirements (iii) unique metabolic pathways.

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit -I
1. Relevance of microbiology as a field of Biotechnology.
2. Historical milestones in Microbiology and Biotechnology
3. Structures and functions of bacteria, yeast and fungi.
4. Control of microbes by the use of physical and chemical agents.
5. Basic principles of evolution
6. Principles of protein stability

Unit – II
7. Biodiversity of
(a) Archaea
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) Algae
(e) Viruses
(f) Extremophiles

Unit – III

8. Nutritional requirements of microbes

9. Bacterial growth and its kinetics.
10. Chemostat, Turbidostat, Synchronous growth.
11. Mechanisms involved in transport of nutrients in microbes
12. Microbial interactions

Unit - IV
13. Brief introduction to common metabolic pathways.
14. Unique pathways of microbial metabolism: ED, PK pathways; Respiration; Fermentations;
Amphibolic pathways; Anaplerotic reactions.
15. Bacterial cell wall biosynthesis
16. Integration of biochemical processes in the context of cells, tissues, and whole organisms

5
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical -20)

1. Use of basic instruments in Microbiology (Light microscope, pH meter,

Autoclave, Laminar flow chamber, Centrifuge, Spectrophotometer).
2. Staining of bacteria, yeast and fungi.
3. Purification of mixed cultures by streaking technique
4. Determination of viable count
5. Correlation of viable counting and optical density of cultures
6. Isolation of microbes from environment
7. Bacteriophage screening
8. Preparation of complex and synthetic medium.
9. Sterilization of liquid and solid items.
10. Storage of microbes

Suggested readings:

1. Microbial Biotechnology by A.R. Alagawadi, P.U. Krishnaraj, K.S. Jagadeesh, S.

Kannaiyan. (2006) Publisher: Alpha Science Intl Ltd; First Edition (2006), ISBN-10:
8173197253 ISBN-13: 978-8173197253.

2. Prescott's Principles of Microbiology by Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood, Chris

th
Woolverton. (2017) Publisher: Mc Graw Hill Publisher. 10 Edition, 2017.
ISBN10:1259670953 | ISBN13: 9781259670954

3. Fundamentals of Microbiology by Jeffrey C. Pommerville. (2017). Publisher: Jones and

Bartlett Learning. ISBN: 978-1-284100952
4. Microbiology: An Application Based Approach by Michael J. Pelczar. (2009)
Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. ISBN:1283187299,
9781283187299

5. Essential Microbiology by Staurt Hogg. (2013). Publisher: John Wiley & Sons,
Publishing, Second edition. 2013. ISBN: 978-1-119-97891-6

6. Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism by Byung Hong Kim, Geoffrey Michael Gadd.
(2008).Publisher: Cambridge University Press Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-521-84636-3

7. Microbes: Concepts and Applications by Prakash S. Bisen, Mousumi Debnath, G. B.

Prasad. (2012). John Wiley & Sons, Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-470-90594-4

6
 MBT-102: Immunology and Immunotechnology
Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To introduce the students to (i) the basics of immune system (ii) the response of
humanstoforeign bodies (iii) the techniques involved in immunoassays (iv) vaccines

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided
intofive units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one
question from each unit. The last unit willcomprise objective type/short notes covering the complete
syllabus.

Unit-I

1. Overview of the human immune response: adaptive and innate immunity; immune cells
and immune organs
2. B cell biology: Development, selection, B cells as central players of humoral immunity
3. T cell biology: Development, thymic education, TCR rearrangement, basic functions of
cells during immune response, T cells subsets
4. Immunoglobulins: Structure and functions of Immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulin
rearrangement, molecular genetics of BCR generation
5. Antigens, haptens and adjuvants

Unit-II

6. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): Structure, function and immunogenetics of

MHC, MHC-TCR interactions, cell biology of antigen processing and presentation
7. Chemokine, cytokine and cell signaling: Their roles in activation and differentiation of
cells of immune system, importance in response to pathogens
8. Immunological tolerance and autoimmunity
9. Hypersensitivity-mediated diseases
Unit-III

10. Antigen-antibody reactions, interaction, cross reactions, precipitation and agglutination

11. Radioimmunoassay, ELISA, Western blotting
12. Hybridomas and Monoclonal antibodies
13. Recent advances in immunological tools for diagnosis of diseases

Unit-IV

14. Immune response to infectious diseases: Responses to different classes of pathogens such
as intracellular bacteria, viruses and extracellular and intracellular parasites
15. Vaccines and their types: killed and live, sub unit, recombinant, multivalent, DNA, edible
vaccines
16. Cancer: immune-surveillance, tumorantigens, immunological intervention
17. Antibodies as immunotherapeutics
18. Cytokine therapy

7
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Differential Leukocyte count (DLC) of blood samples
2. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood samples
3. Determination of cell viability
4. Immunoassays
5. Animal handling
6. Routes of immunization
7. Drawing blood from animals

Suggested readings:

1. Kuby Immunology by Judith A. Owen, Jenni Punt, Sharon A. Stranford and Patricia P.
Jones. 2013; Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education; 7th edition. ISBN-13: 978-14641-
3784-6, ISBN-10: 1-4641-3784-6
2. Roitt's Essential Immunology by Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton and
Ivan M. Roitt. 2016; Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 13th edition. ISBN: 978-1-118-41577-1
3. Basic Immunology byAbul Abbas Andrew H. Lichtman Shiv Pillai. 2015; Publisher:
Elsevier Health; 5th edition. ISBN: 9780323390828
4. Janeway'sImmunobiology by Kenneth Murphy. 2011; Publisher: Garland Science; 8th
edition. ISBN: 9780815342434

8
 MBT-103: Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) genetics of microbes (ii) permanent changes in
thegenetic material (iii) techniques involved in the cloning of genetic elements

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit-I

1. Mendelian principles, concept of allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele, co-dominance,

incomplete dominance, gene interaction, pleiotropy, linkage, crossing over, sex-linked,
sex-limited and sex-influenced characters.
2. Significance of genetic recombination
3. Homologous genetic recombination (Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation) and
heterologous genetic recombination (IS, Tn, Mu phage)
4. Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers,
mapping by using somatic cell hybrids

Unit - II

5. Mutations: Fluctuation test, Replica plating, Mutagenicity testing

6. Physical and chemical mutagens
7. Types of mutations
8. DNA Repair mechanisms

Unit – III

9. Host restriction/modification systems, Enzymes involved in gene cloning

10. Natural Plasmids and their types, Role of plasmids in transfer of genes
11. Plasmids as gene cloning vectors, Commercial vectors
12. Strategies involved in cloning of gene(s)
13. Construction of genomic, cDNA and meta-genomic libraries

Unit – IV

14. DNA sequencing

15. PCR and its applications and modifications
16. Phage display technology and its applications.
17. Yeast two-hybrid system and variants; Combinatorial library generation and use

9
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Isolation of chromosomal DNA
2. Isolation of plasmid
3. Preparation of competent cells
4. Transformation and Electroporation
5. Restriction digestion (complete and partial) of DNA
6. Cloning and expression of a gene in E.coli
7. Amplification of DNA by PCR

Suggested readings:

1. Principles of Genetics, by Eldon John Gardner, Michael J. Simmons, D. Peter Snustad. (Publisher:
th
Wiley India; 8 Edition ISBN: 978-81-265-1043-6
2. Modern Microbial Genetics by Uldis N. Streips and Ronald E. Yasbin. (2002) Publisher: Wiley-
nd
Liss; 2 edition, ISBN-10: 0471386650 ISBN-13: 978-0471386650
3. From Genes to Genomes: Concepts and Applications of DNA Technology by Jeremy W. Dale and
nd
Malcolm von Schantz. (2007), Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 2 edition ISBN-10: 0470017333,
ISBN-13: 978-0470017333
4. Gene and Genome Technology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA and Genomics
by Sandy Primrose and Richard Twyman. (2007) Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Limited ISBN-
10: 140515666X ISBN-13: 978-1405156660
5. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics by Sandy Primrose, Richard Twyman, Bob Old,
th
and Giuseppe Bertola. (2006) Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated; 7 edition ISBN-10:
1405135441 ISBN-13: 978-1405135443
6. Manipulation and Expression of Recombinant DNA, by Sue Carson and Dominique Robertson.
nd
(2005) Publisher: Academic Press; 2 edition, ISBN-10: 0120884186, ISBN-13: 978-0120884186
7. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction by T. A. Brown. (2010) Publisher: Blackwell
th
Publishing, Incorporated; 6 edition ISBN-9781405181730 (paperback) and 9781444334074
(hardback)
8. Recombinant DNA Technology by O.S. Reddi (2000), Publisher: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN-
10: 8170239958

10
 MBT-104: Microbial Biochemistry and Enzymology
Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) macromolecular interactions (ii) structure and functions
of biomolecules (iii) enzymes: their functions, regulation and industrial applications

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit - I

1. Buffers and physiological buffers.

2. Thermodynamics and Principles of thermodynamics, free energy, enthalpy and entropy.
3. Macromolecular interactions: van-der waal’s, hydrogen bonding, ionic, hydrophobic,
covalent etc.
4. Structure and functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleotides(DNA, RNA) and
Vitamins.
5. Conformation of proteins (secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure; domains; motifs
and folds; Ramachandran plot).

Unit – II

6. Metabolism of Carbohydrates (Glycolysis, TCA, HMP, Gluconeogenesis).

7. Metabolism of Lipids (Fatty acid metabolism, Phospholipid metabolism,
Cholesterol biosynthesis).

Unit – III

8. Metabolism of protein (Digestion of proteins, General reactions of amino acids, Fate

of carbon skeletons of amino acids, Regulation of amino acid biosynthesis).
9. Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation.

Unit – IV

10 Enzymes: General distinctive features, nomenclature and industrial applications.

11. Enzyme kinetics, Factors affecting enzymatic activity
12. Allosteric enzymes, Different types of inhibitors/ modulators
13. Feed back inhibition and Feedback repression mechanisms.
14. Multienzyme complexes: advantage and examples.
15. Biocatalysis: Definition, chirality, advantages/disadvantages of biocatalysis over
chemical catalysis, different types of biocatalysis.

11
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Sugars.
2. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Proteins.
3. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Lipids.
4. Qualitative and quantitative assay of Nucleic acids.
5. Assay of enzymes.
6. Substrate specificity and efficiency of enzymatic catalysis.
7. Kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
8. Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity.
9. Enzyme immobilization.

Suggested readings:
st
1. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism by P. Cook (2007), Publisher: Garland Science; 1 edition ISBN-
10: 0815341407 ISBN-13: 978-0815341406.
2. Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms by Perry A. Frey and Adrian D. Hegeman (2006), Publisher:
Oxford University Press, USA; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0195122585 ISBN-13: 978-0195122589.
3. Enzyme Kinetics: A Modern Approach by Alejandro G. Marangoni (2002) Publisher: Wiley-
st
Interscience; 1 edition ISBN-10: 0471159859 ISBN-13: 978-0471159858.
4. Introduction to Biocatalysis Using Enzymes and Microorganisms by S. M. Roberts, Nicholas J.
Turner, Andrew J. Willetts, and M. K. Turner (1995) Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN-
10: 0521430704 ISBN-13: 978-0521430708.
th
5. Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. (2008, 5 edition), Publisher: W.
H. Freeman, ISBN-13: 978-0716771081, ISBN-10: 071677108X.

12
 MBT-105: Bioprocess Engineering
Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to the (i) bioreactor and its types (ii) production of
bioactivemolecules /cells in a bioreactor (iii) purification of bioactive molecules
(iv) fermentation processes

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit – I

1. Introduction to a bioreactor design. Control panels of a bioreactor. Types of bioreactors.

Kinetics of growth product formation and substrate utilization.
2. Operation of bio-reactors.
Unit – II

3. Mass and Heat Transfer in Bioreactors: Aeration and Agitation in Bioreactors, Concept
of mass transfer correlation and scale up.

Unit – III

4. Up Stream Process (USP): Inoculum development, Media composition, Sterilization etc.

5. Down Stream Process (DSP): Cell disruptions, Flocculation, Filtration, Ultra filtration,
Centrifugation, Ultracentrifugation, Chromatographic methods, two phase aqueous
separations, solvent – solvent extraction, centrifugation, pre treatment, crystallization etc.
6. Characterization of protein structure and function

Unit – IV

7. Fermentations and Fermentative processes like Submerged, Solid state, Batch, Fed
Batch, Continuous system etc.
8. Hygiene and safety in fermentation laboratory/processes.

13
Practicals

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Components and Operation of a Bioreactor
2. Batch fermentation in conical flask
3. Production of the enzyme/s in shake flask
4. Solid state fermentation
5. Fermentation strategies for proteins/polysaccharides
6. Purification strategies (simulation)

Suggested readings:

1. Biotransformations and Bioprocesses (Biotechnology and Bioprocessing Series). Mukesh Doble,

Anil Kumar Kruthiventi and Vilas Ganjanan Gaikar (2004). Publisher: CRC; 1st edition, ISBN-10:
0824747755, ISBN-13: 978-0824747756.
2. Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts (2002).Publisher: Prentice Hall; 2nd ISBN-10:
8120321103 ISBN-13: 978-8120321106.
3. Principles of Fermentation Technology. P.F. Stanbury, A.Whitaker and S. Hall. (2001)
4. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. Michael L, Shuler and Fikret Kargi (2001). Publisher:
Prentice Hall PTR; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0130819085, ISBN-13: 978-0130819086.
5. Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors: Fundamentals of Design and Operation. David A. Mitchell,
Nadia Krieger, and Marin Berovic (June 2006). Publisher: Springer; 1st edition ISBN-10:
3540312854, ISBN-13: 978-3540312857.
6. Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering: Principles, Design and Operation. Julian Chaudhuri and
Mohamed Al-Rubeai (2005). Publisher: Springer; 1st edition.
7. Multiphase Bioreactor Design. Joaquim M.S. Cabral, Manuel Mota and Johannes (2001).Publisher:
CRC ISBN-10: 0415272092, ISBN-13: 978-0415272094.

14
 MBT-201: Medical Microbiology

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To introduce the students to (i) Major infections in clinical settings (ii) Recent trends
andtopics in microbial pathogenesis (iii) Antimicrobial chemotherapy (iv)Drug resistance

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided
intofive units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one
question from each unit. The last unit willcomprise objective type/short notes covering the complete
syllabus.

Unit – I
1. Human microbiome in health and disease
2. Revisiting the basic concepts of infectious diseases: host parasite relationship; molecular
Koch postulates; modes of transmission; virulence and pathogenicity; pathogenesis of
infectious diseases; microbial mechanisms for escaping the host defenses; measures of
disease occurrence and outcome
3. Microbial toxins (exotoxins and endotoxins) and their cellular targets
4. Quorum sensing and microbial pathogenicity

Unit – II
5. Staphylococcus species as a pathogenetic enigma
6. Molecular pathogenesis of infections caused by intracellular bacteria, with an emphasis
of Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes and Rickettsia
7. Immunopathology, with an emphasis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis
8. Virulence mechanisms of other bacterial pathogens including streptococci,
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordetella pertussis, Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae,
pathogenic E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium
perfringens,Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia pestis, Brucella abortus, Treponema pallidum, Borrelia
burgdorferi

Unit – III
9. Overview of viral pathogens, including Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae,
Paramyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepatitis viruses, Rabies virus, Rhinovirus, Norwalk
virus, Papilloma virus, Polio virus; Prion diseases
10. Viruses that changed the world: HIV and Ebola
11. Common fungal infections
12. Pathophysiology of malaria, amoebiasis and giardiasis

Unit – IV
13. Antimicrobial drugs and their cellular targets
14. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical laboratories
15. Mechanisms of drug resistance in microbes
16. Microbial biofilms and their clinical implications

15
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Culture identification of representative Gram-positive bacterial pathogens:
Staphylococcus,Streptococcus
2. Culture identification of representative Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella,
Shigella,Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
3. Culture identification of fungal pathogens (Candida, Aspergillus)
4. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pathogenic bacteria
5. Collection, handling and storage of clinical samples

Suggested Readings:
1. Mims’ Medical Microbiology by Richard Goering, Hazel Dockrell, Mark Zuckerman,
Ivan Roitt and Peter L. Chiodini. 2012; Publisher: Elsevier; 5th edition. ISBN:
9780723436010
2. Mims' Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease by Anthony Nash, Robert Dalziel and J.
Fitzgerald. 2015; Publisher: Elsevier; 6th edition. ISBN: 9780123971883.
3. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases by Gerald
Mandell, John Bennett and Raphael Dolin. 2009; Publisher: Elsevier; 7th edition. ISBN:
9781437720600, 9781455708727
4. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Editors: James H. Jorgensen, Michael A. Pfaller, Karen
C. Carroll, Guido Funke, Marie Louise Landry, Sandra S. Richter and David W.
Warnock. 2015; Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press; 11thedition. ISBN:
9781555817374
5. Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology by Reba Kanungo. 2017;
Publisher: Universities Press; 10th edition. ISBN: 9789386235251
6. Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology by Patricia Tille. 2016; Publisher: Elsevier; 14th
edition. ISBN: 9780323354820

16
 MBT-202: Molecular Biology
Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to the mechanism of (i) DNA replication (ii)
DNAtranscription (iii) protein synthesis (iv) regulation of gene expression (v)
signal transduction

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit – I

1. DNA and its various forms, super coiling of DNA, DNA melting, repetitive sequences, cot
and Rot curves/analysis, C-value paradox, DNA protein interaction
2. Unit of DNA replication, enzymes involved in replication, origin and replication fork,
fidelity of replication.
3. Replication of bacterial chromosome, chromosome structure and organization of genes on
chromosome, operon context.
4. Replication of eukaryotic chromosomes, cell division and cell cycle

Unit-II

5. RNA synthesis and processing: transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation
complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, RNA capping, elongation,
and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and
function of different types of RNA, non coding RNA, RNA transport.

Unit – III

6. Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome structure, genetic code, aminoacylation of

tRNA, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation
and elongation factors, termination, translation proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post-
translational modification of proteins.
7. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level

Unit – IV

8. Cell signaling: signal transduction pathways and their regulation, bacterial two-
component systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing.
9. Cancer Biology: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor
genes, cancer and cell cycle, metastasis. Microbes in cancer: carcinogenesis and treatment
10. Gene silencing strategies and applications

17
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA
2. Isolation of RNA
3. Characterization of different types of RNA molecules
4. Construction of cDNA
5. Separation of Escherichia coli soluble proteins on non-denaturing gels.
6. Separation of Escherichia coli total proteins on denaturing gels.
7. Cell Proliferation/Cytotoxicity assays

Suggested readings:

1. Molecular Biology of the Gene, by James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, and
Alexander Gann (2007), Publisher: Benjamin Cummings; 6th edition ISBN-10: 080539592X
ISBN-13: 978-0805395921
st
2. Fundamental Molecular Biology by Lizabeth A. Allison (2007), Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 1
edition ISBN-10: 1405103795 ISBN-13: 978-1405103794
th
3. Molecular Biology by Robert F. Weaver (2007) Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill College; 4 edition ISBN-
10: 0072995246 ISBN-13: 978-0072995244
4. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Gerald Karp (2013) Publisher: Wiley;
th
7 edition ISBN-10: 0470042176 ISBN-13: ISBN 13 978-1118-20673-7/978-1118-30179-1
5. Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, and Martin Raff
th
Publisher: Garland Science; 5 edition, ISBN-10: 0815341059 ISBN-13: 978-081534105
th
6. Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. (2008, 5 edition), Publisher: W.
H. Freeman, ISBN-13: 978-0716771081, ISBN-10: 071677108X.

18
 MBT-203: Industrial Microbiology- I (Health, Food, Enzymes)

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) Industrially important metabolites produced by microbes
especially in the areas of health, food and enzymes (ii) immobilization
of enzymes/cells

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit - I

1. Primary and Secondary metabolites of industrial importance.

2. Techniques involved in screening/detection of industrially important metabolites from
microbes.
3. Pyruvate as the hub molecule
4. Microbial therapies and diagnostics

Unit - II

5. Biosynthesis and fermentation process involved in

(a) Health & Pharma- Antibiotics (Penicillin, Streptomycin,), Alkaloids (ergot, lysergic acid),
Biotransformations (Steroids, chirals), Therapeutic proteins (Interferons, Insulin).
(b) Food and Beverages- Beer, Wine, Whisky, Vinegar
(c) Traditional fermented foods; Food additives: Vitamins, Bioflavors

Unit – III

6. Microbial Enzymes - Pharma related enzymes, Detergent enzymes, Processing of

starch and related carbohydrates, Fruit juice production, Textile & leather manufacture,
Treatment of wood pulp, Organic synthesis, Diagnostics

Unit – IV

7. Immobilization of enzymes and cells: Parameters for choosing a matrix for

immobilization, types of methods for immobilizations. Applications of immobilization
techniques.

19
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)

1. Screening of microbes for production of industrially important enzymes.

2. Optimization of conditions for optimal production of enzyme: - Media composition,
Incubation temperature, Aeration, Incubation time.
3. Wine fermentation
4. Purification of antimicrobial metabolites from a microbe.
5. Enzyme immobilization
6. Design of fermentation processes for the production of fuels, chemicals and foodstuffs

Suggested readings:
1. Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. Doyle (2007). Publisher: American Society
Microbiology; 3rd edition ISBN-10: 1555814077, ISBN-13: 978-1555814076.
2. Food Microbiology: An Introduction. Montville (2005). Publisher: American Society
Microbiology; 1st edition ISBN-10: 1555813089, ISBN-13: 978-1555813086.
3. Environmental Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Ian L. Pepper and Charles P. Gerba(2004).
Publisher: Academic Press; 2nd edition ISBN-10: 0125506562, ISBN-13: 978-0125506564.
4. Advances in Food & Nutrition Research. Steve Taylor (2003). Publisher: Academic Press; 1st
edition ISBN-10: 0120164477, ISBN-13: 978-0120164479.
5. Environmental Microbiology. Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba(2000).
Publisher: Academic Press; 1st edition ISBN-10: 0124975704, ISBN-13: 978-0124975705.
6. Applied Dairy Microbiology. Elmer H. Marth and James Steele (2001).Publisher: CRC; 2nd edition
ISBN-10: 082470536X, ISBN-13: 978-0824705367.
7. Peter F Drucker. Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Harper & Row, 1985
8. Prasanna Chandra- Projects: Preparation Appraisal and Super implementation. Tata Mc-Graw-Hill
Co. Ltd
9. J.D. West & F.K. Levy. A management guide to PERT/CPM, Prentice Hall, India

20
 MBT-204: Bioinformatics and Biostatistics

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) basic understanding of computers (ii)

computationaltools developed for understanding of genetic material and proteins

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit – I (Biostatistics)

1. Basic definitions and applications. Data collection and representation. Measure of

central tendencies (Mean, Median and Mode) and dispersal; measure of variability
(standard deviation, standard error, range, mean deviation, coefficient of variation);
probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson and Normal), sampling distribution
2. Difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics, confidence interval, errors,
levels of significance
3. Regression and correlation, t-test, analysis of variance, chi-square test
4. Basic introduction to Multivariate statistics

Unit – II (Biological databases)

5. Brief on programming languages commonly used in Biological Sciences

6. Database- introduction, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary databases; Type and kind of
databases; Literature search (PUBMED and MEDLINE).
7. Nucleic acid (GenBank, EMBL etc.); Structural databases- PDB, PDBsum, NDB, CATH,
SCOP etc. Motifs and Pattern Databases- PROSITE, Pfam, iPfam etc.
8. Protein databases (SWISS PROT, UNIPROT etc.); Structural databases- PDB, PDBsum,
NDB, CATH, SCOP etc; Motifs and Pattern Databases- PROSITE, Pfam, etc.
9. Sequence retrieval (SRS, Entrez) and Data submission.

Unit – III (Sequence analysis)

10. Sequence alignment- introduction and concepts, Local and Global alignment concepts.
11. Similarity and Percent identity score (open, extended gap penalty). Multiple sequence
alignment (MSA) - introduction and concepts. Types of multiple sequence alignment
techniques. Description of major softwares (MSA, CLUSTAL variants (X, W2, OMEGA),
PILEUP, T-Coffee, PROS, CONS).
12. Database Scanning and Sequence similarity searches. Algorithm of FASTA. Description of
BLAST algorithm. Various BLAST programs (BLASTP, BLASTN, BLASTX, PHI-
BLAST, PSI-BLAST etc).
13. Protein Structure: Classification, Structure Analysis, Secondary structure predictions,
Comparative/Homology modeling, Modeling using Swiss Model Server.

21
 Unit – IV (Genome analysis)

14. Introduction to genomes. Sequencing techniques. Sequencing of whole genomes

15. NextGen Sequencing (NGS); Assembling of genomes from short reads
16. Concept of Metagenomics;Types of repeats and repeat finding techniques; Structure
of genes; Prediction of gene in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes (GENESCAN,
GeneMark, GeneSeqer etc.); Promoter prediction in E. coli and in eukaryotes
17. Description of major gene prediction methods

Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Sequence (DNA & Protein) alignments
2. Genome sequence studies
3. Designing ideal primers for amplification of genetic material
4. Deciphering 3-D structure of proteins
5. Designing inhibitors of enzymes

Suggested readings:

1. Understanding Bioinformatics by Marketa Zvelebil and Jeremy Baum (2007) Publisher: Garland
st
Science; 1 edition ISBN-10: 0815340249, ISBN-13: 978-0815340249
st
2. Essential Bioinformatics by Jin Xiong (2006) Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1 edition
ISBN-10: 0521600820, ISBN-13: 978-0521600828
3. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount (2004). Publisher: Cold
nd
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2 edition ISBN-10: 0879697121 ISBN-13: 978-0879697129
4. An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms (Computational Molecular Biology) by Neil C. Jones
st
and Pavel A. Pevzner (2004) Publisher: The MIT Press; 1 edition ISBN-10: 0262101068, ISBN-
13: 978-0262101066
5. Bioinformatics: A Biologist's Guide to Biocomputing and the Internet by Stuart M. Brown
(2000). Publisher: Eaton Publishing Company/Biotechniques Books ISBN-10: 188129918X, ISBN-
13: 978-1881299189

22
 MBT-205: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Bioethics and Entrepreneurship

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) understanding of patents (ii) filing of patents
(iii)ethical and social issues in biotechnology

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit - I

1. Introduction: General Introduction

2. Patent Claims, the legal decision-making process
3. Ownership of Tangible and Intellectual Property.
4. Basic requirements of patentability, patentable subject matter, novelty and the Public
Domain; Non-obviousness, Foreign Patents
5. Special issues in Biotechnology Patents: Disclosure Requirements, Ethical issues,
Plant Biotechnology- UPOV and plant breeder’s rights, Case studies/ experiences from
developing and developed countries, IPR issues in the Indian context.
6. Contract law, IP reform, Policy implications of IP

Unit - II

7. Copyright and Patents; International Treaties and Conventions; Business Software Patents
8. Patent Litigation: Substantive and Procedural Aspects
9. IT Act, 2000 : Aims and Objectives; Overview of the Act; Jurisdiction; Role of Certifying
Authority; Regulators under IT Act; Cyber Crime-offences and Contraventions; Grey
Areas on IT Act.
Unit - III

10. Biotechnology and hunger: Challenges for the Indian Biotechnological research
and industries.
11. The Cartagena protocol on biosafety
12. Social and ethical implication of biological weapons
13. Intersection of Biotechnology with globalization, trade, poverty, food security,
and environmental sustainability
Unit - IV

14. Entrepreneurship: Need, scope, philosophy and classification. Creativity and

Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship competencies and traits, factors affecting
Entrepreneurship development
15. Functions of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship with the motive of economic growth,
theory of social change, family structure, migration and enterprise.

23
16. Barriers to entrepreneurship, community and entrepreneurship.
17. Funding challenges for an entrepreneur, Business planning and investment pitch,
Identify and evaluate business opportunities, Risk assessment and management
Opportunities for entrepreneurship in emerging markets

Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Searching of Indian Patent databases
2. Drafting and filing of Indian Patent application.
3. Searching of International Patent databases
4. Drafting and filing of International Patent application.
5. How to formulate well-structured research questions, recognize appropriate
research methods, and assess research reports

Suggested readings:

1. Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy. Maskus, K.E. (2000), Publisher: Peterson
Institute, ISBN 0881322822, pp. 1-266.
2. Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks and allied rights. Cornish, W.R. (2003).
Universal Law Publishing, Delhi. ISBN-10: 0421781203, pp. 1-895.
3. Intellectual Property Rights: Infringement and Remedies. Padmanabhan A. (2012).Publisher:
Lexis Butterworths Wadhwa Inc. ISBN: 9788180387937. pp.1-638.
4. Access to Knowledge in the Age of Intellectual Property. Krikorian G, Kapczynski A.
(2010). Publisher: Zone Books Inc. ISBN/ASIN: 9781890951,pp.1-640
5. The Startup Owner's Manual: The Step-By-Step Guide for Building a Great Company. Blanck, S
and Dorf, B. (2012). K&S Ranch Inc., California, USA ISBN-10: 0984999302 | ISBN-13: 978-
0984999309, pp.1-557.
6. The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically
Successful Businesses Ries, E. (2011). Crown Publishing Group, New York, USA, ISBN 978-0-
307-88789-4, pp.1-309

24
MBT-301: Advances in Microbial Biotechnology (Genomics, Proteomics & Metabolomics)

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to recent trends in the field of Microbial

Genomics,Proteomics & Metabolomics.

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which
will be divided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit – I

1. Introduction to Microbial genomes

2. Genome sequencing of different microbes and their importance
3. Techniques for genome research (chromosome walking, RFLP etc.)
4. Application of microbial genomic variability for utilizing in human welfare (applications)
5. Phylogenetic relationships between various genera of microbes

Unit – II
6. Sequences as Biological Information - Cells obey the Laws of Chemistry and Physics
7. Evolution by Genome Expansion and Reduction
8. Metagenomics
9. Methods to Compare Genomes
10. Archaeal Genomics
11. Microbial Genome Annotation
12. Genomics for pathogenic microbes – Search for better vaccines

Unit – III
13. Introduction to microbial proteomics
14. Techniques for Proteome research (2 – D gel electrophoresis, DIGE, PROTOMAP,
COFRADIC, MALDI-ToF, Protein purification work station)
15. Gel free Mass Spectrometry based microbial proteomics - methodology and application
16. Microbial pathogenesis at the proteome level
17. Proteome research for novel drug targets
18. Structural proteomics and computational analysis
19. Proteomics of Archaea
20. High throughput proteomic screening for novel enzymes

Unit – IV

21. Techniques for metabolic engineering

22. Genetic and epigenetic manipulation of useful microbes
23. Strain improvement methods and strategies - Classical vs metabolic
engineering, developing/ emerging/ novel
25
24. Production and yield enhancement of valuable products (fuels, amino acids, drugs etc) by
metabolic engineering

Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. RAPD/RFLP/16S rRNA-sequencing of bacterial isolates (e.g., Escherichia coli
isolates) and phylogenetic tree construction
2. Isolation of metagenomic DNA from soil or water source
3. Demonstration of 2-D gel electrophoresis
4. Demonstration of MALDI – ToF
5. Demonstration of DNA/Protein Microarray system
6. Practicals on Microbial Genomics/Proteomics/Metabolomics using computational tools
7. Comparison of genomes. Genome projects and sequence archive databases.

Suggested readings:

1. Microbial Proteomics: Functional Biology of Whole Organisms by Ian Humphery-Smith and

st
Michael Hecker (2006) Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 1 edition ISBN-10: 0471699756, ISBN-
13: 978-0471699750
2. Microbial Genomics and Drug Discovery by Thomas J. Dougherty and Steven J. Projan (2003)
st
Publisher: CRC; 1 ed. ISBN-10: 0824740416, ISBN-13: 978-0824740412
st
3. Metabolic Engineering by Sang Yup Lee and E. Terry Papoutsakis (1999) Publisher: CRC; 1
edition ISBN-10: 082477390X, ISBN-13: 978-0824773908
4. Advances in Microbial Biotechnology by Rajhi Gupta, Jagjit Singh, T.N. Lakhanpal, and J.P.
Jewari (1999) Publisher: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. ISBN-10: 8176480789, ISBN-13: 978-8176480789
5. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics by A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J.
nd
Heyer Publisher: Pearson Education India; 2 edition (2007) ISBN-10: 8131715590, ISBN-13:
978-8131715598

26
 MBT-302: Industrial Microbiology-II (Environment, Biofuels, Chemicals, Biomass,
Protocols)

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to (i) the benefits of microbes/their products in cleaning
theenvironment (ii) large scale production of useful microbial biomass (iii) production
of biofuels and chemicals (iv) useful protocols

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students
would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last unit will
comprise of objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit – I (Environment)

1. Waste water and effluent treatment,

2. Biodegradation of Xenobiotics, Bioremediation, Biomining
3. Biodegradable plastics
4. Bioinsecticides
5. Microbes as N and P Biofertilizers

Unit – II (Biomass)

6. Manufacture of Baker’s yeast

7. Single cell protein production especially Spirulina
8. Mushroom cultivation especially Agaricus bisporus
9. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics

Unit – III (Biofuels & Chemicals)

10. Biofuel production especially Ethanol, Butanol, Methane,

Hydrogen, Electricity, Biodiesel
11. Organic acids especially Amino acids (glutamic acid, lysine), Citric acid, Acetic
acid, Lactic acid
12. Microbial exopolysaccharides

Unit – IV (Protocols)

13. Good Lab Practices guidelines

14. Good Manufacturing Processes guidelines
15. Guidelines for use of recombinant microbes
16. Important Biotech companies of India and the World
17. Equipment validation, Analytical method validation, Process validation

27
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Estimation of BOD levels of a water sample
2. Isolation of P-solubilizers from the soil
3. Estimation of P-solubilizing activity of P-solubilizer
4. Isolation of Lactobacilli from milk/ curd
5. Production of bacteriocin by probiotics
6. Effect of temperature on the preparation of curd from milk
7. Effect of type of milk on the preparation of curd from milk

Suggested readings:

1. Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers by Doyle (2007) Publisher: American Society
rd
Microbiolgy; 3 edition ISBN-10: 1555814077 ISBN-13: 978-1555814076
2. Food Microbiology: An Introduction by Montville (2005) Publisher: American Society
st
Microbiolgy; 1 edition. ISBN-10: 1555813089 ISBN-13:978-1555813086
3. Environmental Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual by Ian L. Pepper and Charles P. Gerba (2004)
nd
Publisher: Academic Press; 2 edition ISBN-10: 0125506562 , ISBN-13: 978-0125506564
st
4. Advances in Food & Nutrition Research by Steve Taylor (2003) Publisher: Academic Press; 1
edition ISBN-10: 0120164477, ISBN-13: 978-0120164479
5. Environmental Microbiology by Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba (2000)
st
Publisher: Academic Press; 1 edition ISBN-10: 0124975704, ISBN-13: 978-0124975705
nd
6. Applied Dairy Microbiology, by Elmer H. Marth and James Steele (2001) Publisher: CRC; 2
edition ISBN-10: 082470536X, ISBN-13: 978-0824705367

28
 MBT-303: Bioinstruments and their Applications

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To expose the students to the variety of instruments used in the study
ofMicrobial Biotechnology.

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.

Unit - I

1. Microscopy: Light microscope, Field Microscope, Fluorescent microscope, Phase

contrast microscope, AFM, SCM, TEM, SEM, STM.
2. Spectrophotometer: UV and Visible
3. Mass spectroscopy, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. CD spectroscopy, NMR, ESR.

Unit - II

4. Centrifugation: Theory and its applications to biological systems, centrifuges,

rotors-fixed angle/swing out, concept of vertical, buoyant density centrifugation.
5. Electrophoresis: Theory, different methods of electrophoresis for proteins and nucleic
acids.

Unit – III
6. Chromatography: GC, Paper Chromatography, TLC, HPLC, FPLC,
7. Crystallography and X-Ray diffraction, Electron diffraction, Neutron diffraction.
8. Radioisotope techniques: radiotracers GM Counter, Proportional and Scintillation
counters, autoradiography

Unit – IV
9. Protein purification workstation
10. GCMS, LCMS
11. MALDI-ToF

Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Operation of Microscopes: TEM, and SEM.
2. Running TLC; Rf value using TLC
3. Operation of Centrifuges (microfuge and high speed centrifuge and ultracentrifuge).
4. Operation of GC, HPLC
5. Operation of MS, LCMS, NMR.

29
Suggested Readings:

st
1. Advances in Chromatography. Eli Grushka and Nelu Grinberg (2007). Publisher: CRC: 1 edition.
ISBN-10: 1420060252, ISBN-13: 978-1420060256, Volume 46.
st
2. Understanding NMR Spectroscopy. James Keeler (2005). Publisher: Wiley; 1 edition ISBN-10:
0470017872, ISBN-13: 978-0470017876.
3. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An Introduction to TEM, SEM, and AEM. Ray F.
st
Egerton (2005). Publisher: Springer; 1 ed.. ISBN-10: 0387258000, ISBN-13: 978-0387258003.
4. Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging. Douglas B. Murphy (2001). Publisher:
st
Wiley-Liss; 1 edition ISBN-10: 047125391X, ISBN-13: 978-0471253914.
5. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. Keith Wilson & John Walker(2000).
Cambridge University Press.
6. Introduction to Spectroscopy. Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, and George S. Kriz (2000).
Publisher: Brooks Cole; 3rd edition. ISBN-10: 0030319617, ISBN-13: 978-0030319617.

30
 MBT-304: Microbial Identification, Diagnostics and Nanobiotechnology

Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: To introducethe students to (i) the various methods used in microbial identification &
(ii)applications of nanotechnology in biotechnology.

Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will be divided
intofive units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and students would be required to attempt one
question from each unit. The last unit willcomprise objective type/short notes covering the complete
syllabus.

Unit – I

1. Principles of microbial diagnostics: conventional and molecular approaches

2. Microscopic examination: applications of light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy and
electron microscopy in microbial identification
3. Serological diagnosis of infectious diseases
4. Automated detection systems: BACTEC, VITEK, FAME and Biolog

Unit - II

5. Nucleic-acid based detection: fluorescent in situ hybridization; line probe assay; PCR
and its various types; transcription mediated amplification (TMA); nucleic acid sequence
based amplification (NASBA); branched DNA (bDNA); Qβreplicase; hybrid capture
6. Epidemiological molecular typing: pulsed field gel electrophoresis, RFLP, RAPD and
MLST
7. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting
8. Microarray: types and applications

Unit – III

9. Basic components of a sensor

10. Types of biosensors and their applications
11. Biosensors in research and diagnostics
12. Lateral flow assays
13. Lab on a Chip technology

Unit – IV

14. Understanding Nanobiotechnology and its importance to society

15. Microbial nanoparticle production
16. Nanoparticles for biological applications
17. Luminiscent quantum dots for biological labeling

31
Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Based on the performance of the students during the practical
Exam. – 20 (Practical - 20)
1. Case studies in infectious disease diagnostics: clinical-case discussions and hands on
2. Chromogenic media for microbial identification
3. Microbial identification using VITEK, BACTEC, BIOLOGS and FAME (demonstration)
4. Microbial identification and typing by molecular methods
5. Practical on biosensors
6. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles

Suggested readings:
1. Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology by Patricia Tille. 2016; Publisher: Elsevier; 14th
edition. ISBN: 9780323354820
2. Mackie &Mccartney Practical Medical Microbiology. Editors: J.G. Collee, A.G. Fraser,
B.P. Marmion and A. Simmons. 1999; Publisher: Elsevier; 14th edition. ISBN:
9788131203934
3. Molecular Microbiology: Diagnostic Principles and Practice. Editors: David H. Persing,
Fred C. Tenover, Randall T. Hayden, Margareta leven, Melissa B. Miller, Frederick S.
Nolte, Yi-Wei Tang, Alex van Belkum. 2016; Publisher: American Society for
Microbiology Press; 3rd edition. ISBN: 9781555819088
4. Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Infectious Diseases.
Editors: MahendraRai and KaterynaKon. 2015; Publisher: Elsevier; 1st edition. ISBN:
9780128013175
5. Chemical Sensors and Biosensors by Brian R. Eggins. 2002. Publisher: Wiley; 1stedition.
ISBN: 9780471899143
6. Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives. Editors: C.M. Niemeyer,
C.A. Mirkin. 2004. Publisher: Wiley; 1st edition. ISBN: 9783527306589
7. Nanobiotechnology II: More Concepts and Applications. Editors: C.A. Mirkin and C.M.
Niemeyer. 2007. Publisher: Wiley; 1st edition. ISBN: 9783527316731
8. Handbook of Nanotechnology by Bharat Bhushan. 2010. Publisher: Springer; 3rd edition.
ISBN:9783642025242

32
 MBT-305: Tutorials
Total Marks: 75 (Exam-60 + Int. Asses.-15)

Objective: (i) To overcome the academic deficiencies of students and to expose the students
tothose parts of Microbial Biotechnology which have not been covered in the syllabus (ii)
Invited lectures from experts.
Exam Pattern: Five questions to be attempted from a total of nine questions, which will
bedivided into five units. Each unit will comprise of two questions and
students would be required to attempt one question from each unit. The last
unit will comprise objective type/short notes covering the complete syllabus.
Unit – I

1. Quantitative PCR: Theory, Practice, Problems and Solutions.

2. Myths and misconception about diseases e.g., Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Rabies, Anthrax, Brucellosis.
3. Giant viruses and Virophages: Characteristics and evolutionary implications.

Unit - II

4. Biosafety, biosecurity and dual use research of concern.

5. Biomedical waste management.
6. Exceptions to the classical bacterial definition.

Unit - III

7. Diversity of antimicrobial peptides.

8. Role of integrons in microbial drug resistance.
9. Non-Rhizobium PGPRs and their role in crop productivity.

Unit - IV

10. Radiations in diagnostics.

11. Phosphorescence, Florescence and Luminescence
12. Applications of non-aqueous enzymology

Practicals:

Total Marks: 25 Int. Asses.-05. Project Report-20

The practical is intended to apprise the students of the research methodology including techniques and prepare
for dissertation/research work. The overall assessment of the project report will be based on the quality of final
project report (review/overview of literature and general methodology update of the assigned field) submitted.

Suggested Readings:

1. Real-time PCR, M. Tevfik Dorak (ed.) (2006). Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN: 0–203–
96731–3 (Master e-book)/ 0-4153-7734-X(Print Edition). For recent updates on detection,
instrumentation and application of quantitative PCR, refer to the websites of the major QPCR reagent
and instrument providers
2. Disease information and advisory websites http://www.who.int/en/;
http://www.cdc.gov/; http://www.keelpno.gr/; http://www.ncdc.gov.in/
3. Vasquez M, Hallam SJ, Raoult D and Abrahão J (Eds). (2016). Megaviromes [Special Section].
Current Opinion in Microbiology, 31:1-234 (ISSN 1369-5274)
4. Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
Government of India. [Published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section
(i)]
5. Laboratory Biosafety Manual. 3rd edition. (2004) Publisher: World Health Organization, Geneva.
ISBN 92 4 154650
6. http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/ (Policies and Regulations regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management)

7. Antimicrobial databases: http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php; http://www.camp.bicnirrh.res.in/

8. Journals: Biotechnology Advances; Current opinion in Microbiology; Nature Biotechnology;
Analytical chemistry; Critical reviews in Biotechnology; Critical reviews in Microbiology

MBT-401: Seminar and Journal Club

Total Marks: 100 (Exam-80 + Int. Asses.-20)

Objective: This course will help the students to know the type of research going on in
variouscountries. It will also help the students in preparing, delivering and defending a ‘talk’.

The Internal assessment will be made from the attendance and the interaction of the
student during the seminars and tutorials.

Students will be asked to deliver a talk on current issues pertaining to Microbiology,

Biotechnology and other important topics. Some guest lectures will be arranged.

MBT-402: Dissertation and Viva

Total Marks: 400 (Dissertation: 300 + Viva: 100)

Objective: To prepare the students as how to carry out independent research work

Each student will be given an independent research project. The evaluation will be based on
the presentations, knowledge of the topic of research, quality of the compiled Dissertation.

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