Kampung Gajah

JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN
MALAYSIA
FINAL REPORT
Volume I – Executive Summary
FOR:
FLOOD MITIGATION MASTER PLAN FOR

RANCANGAN TEBATAN BANJIR
KAMPONG GAJAH, PERAK
January 2020
BY:
PRIMA REKA KONSULTAN

NO. 39A, JALAN AMPANG BARU 6A,
31350 IPOH, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN
TEL : 05-3114991 FAX 05-3122045
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 Introduction E-1
2.0 Study Area E-2

2.1 Focus Study Area E-2
2.2 River and Drainage System E-2
2.3 Existing Hydroelectric Dams E-6
2.4 Land Use of Perak Tengah Distric E-7
2.5 Flooding Issues E-7
3.0 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modelling E-11

3.1 XP-SWMM Model E-11
3.2 Design Flows E-13
3.3 Flood Profiles E-13
3.4 Flood Extent E-16
3.5 Estimated Flood Damage E-16
4.0 Environmental Issues E-19

4.1 Land Use E-19
4.2 Water Quality E-22
5.0 Recommended Flood Mitigation Plan E-22
6.0 Proposed Implementation Plan E-26
7.0 Outcomes of the Project E-26
Final Report
i
Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure E-1 Location of the Focused Area E-3

Figure E-2 River Catchment of Sg. Perak E-4
Figure E-3 The 4 Hydroelectric Dams in Sg. Perak E-6
Figure E-4 Flooded Area (Source : JPS Malaysia) E-8
Figure E-5 Recorded Flow Release From Chenderoh Dam E-10
Figure E-6 XP-SWMM Nodes E-11
Figure E-7 Delineation of Subcatchment and DEM E-12
Figure E-8 Existing and Future Peak Flows at Various Locations (Scenario C) E-14
Figure E-9 Simulated Flood Profiles under Existing Catchment Conditions E-15
Figure E-10 Flood Map 100yr ARI – Existing E-17
Figure E-11 Flood Map 100yr ARI – Future E-18
Figure E-12 Landuse of 100m-500m Map of Mukim Perak Tengah E-19
Figure E-13 Landuse of 1km-5km Map of Mukim Perak Tengah E-20
Figure E-14 Proposed Measures for Sg. Perak E-24
Figure E-15 Proposed Measures for Option 2 E-25
Figure E-16 Proposed Short Term (5 Years) Implementation Program E-27
Figure E-17 Proposed Long Term (50 Years) Implementation Program E-28
Final Report
ii
Table of Contents
LIST OF PLATE
Plate E-1 Existing Conditions of the Study Area E-5

Plate E-2 Recent Flood Photo (24/12/2014) – Kg. Gajah E-9
Final Report
iii
Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLE
Table E-1 Estimated Flood Damage under 100yr ARI Existing Land Use
Conditions E-16
Table E-2 Comparison of Options E-23
Final Report
iv
FINAL REPORT
Consultancy Services for the Flood Mitigation Master Plan for Rancangan Tebatan Banjir Kampong Gajah, Perak
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Jabatan Pengairan Dan Saliran Malaysia (JPS) requires engineering consultancy

services for the “Flood Mitigation Master Plan for Rancangan Tebatan Banjir
Kampong Gajah, Perak”. This study has been entrusted to Prima Reka Konsultan
via letter of appointment dated 4th September 2017. The study duration is 12
months.
The primary goal of this study is to carry out a comprehensive study to formulate an
Integrated Flood Mitigation Master Plan for the Rancangan Tebatan Banjir Kampong
Gajah, Perak. This study is aimed to solve the current and future flooding problems
within the area by taking into consideration of many issues and shall be based on the
approach of integrated river basin management (IRBM).
The specific objectives of the study are as follows:
❖ To formulate a comprehensive a short term (5yrs) and long term (50yrs)

solution to the flooding problems by taking into consideration of existing and
future land use in the study area. The proposed flood mitigation master plan
shall be developed by incorporating the concept of integrated flood
management into the study via using the best and newest strategies for both
structural and non-structural measures.
❖ To make use and optimized the capability of existing flood mitigation and
storm infrastructure network to reduce flood related issues by taking into
consideration of the environmental, social and other related issues.
Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-1

FINAL REPORT
2.0 STUDY AREA
2.1 FOCUS STUDY AREA
The concerned area is of this study is Kampong Gajah area which is located at the
lower middle reach (left bank) of the Sg. Perak (Figure E-1). It is located
approximately 80 km from Ipoh Town. Kampong Gajah falls within the District of
Perak Tengah (total area of 1282 km2) and the local PBT is Majlis Daerah Perak
Tengah (MDPT). At the upstream reach of Sg. Perak, there are 4 numbers of
hydroelectric dams namely Temenggor, Bersia, Kenering and Chenderoh. Instead
for hydropower, Sg. Perak also serves as an importance water resources for
domestic water supply, irrigation, aquaculture and recreational. The area of focused
for this study is shown in Figure E-1. It starts from Bota at the upstream to the
confluence of Sg. Kinta at the downstream @ Kg. Pasir Panjang Hulu. The total
length of the Sg. Perak covered is approximately 42 km long.
2.2 RIVER AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Sg. Perak has a total catchment area of 12,786 sq km (measured at Kampong

Gajah) with a length of about 249km originating from the Belum Rorest Reserve in
the north (Figure E-2). There are several drainage system at Kampong Gajah
namely Sg. Sengkuang, Sg. Lumut, Sg. Terus, Sg. Tumboh, Parit 4 and other small
rivesr which are discharges directly into the Sg. Perak. Plate E-1 shows the existing
conditions of the Sg. Perak found within Kampong Gajah area.

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-1 : Location of the Focused Area

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-2 : River Catchment of Sg. Perak

FINAL REPORT
Plate E-1 : Existing Conditions of the Study Area

FINAL REPORT
2.3 EXISTING HYDROELECTRIC DAMS
At the upstream reach of Sg. Perak, there are 4 numbers of hydroelectric dams
namely Temenggor, Bersia, Kenering and Chenderoh (Figure E-3). Instead for
hydropower, Sg. Perak also serves as an importance water resources for domestic
water supply, irrigation, aquaculture and recreational.
The dam that the most contribute to flood to the study area is the Chenderoh Dam.
Chenderoh dam is the most downstream dam in Sg. Perak. It was built in 1930 with
total surface area of 25 km2. The total catchment area of the dam is 6,665 km2. It
storage is approximately 95 million cubic meters. The height of the dam is 50m. The
normal discharge from the dam is 100-150 m3/s.
Figure E-3 : The 4 Hydroelectric Dams in Sg. Perak

FINAL REPORT
2.4 LAND USE OF PERAK TENGAH DISTRICT
Generally, the existing land use is chiefly agriculture (90%). The urban area is
approximately 5% and the remaining is virgin jungle. The existing (2015) and future
(2030) land use distribution of the study area and its surroundings is gathered from
Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Perak Tengah provided by the Jabatan Perancang
Bandar dan Desa (JPBD).
2.5 FLOODING ISSUES
The flooding of the Kg. Gajah area is attributed to the overflow from the Sg. Perak
during high flows, especially during the periods of high rainfall season. High peak
flow is expected from the steep upper catchment of Sg. Perak and also from the
emergency release of the existing hydroelectric dams in the upstream. High water
level in Sg. Perak also has effects the capacities of the internal drainage system
comprising of local drains and tributaries discharging into the Sg. Perak. Backflow
from the high water levels in the Sg. Perak can only be prevented by suitably sized
pump houses and tidal gates. The identified flood prone areas are Kg. Bakong,
Lambor Kanan, Lambor Kiri, Kg. Teluk, Pulau Tiga, Kg. Pulau Tiga and Kg. Gajah
town area.
It was reported that the worst flood in the history of the study area has occurred in
late 2014 and early 2015 that had hampered many people, damages to properties
and farmlands and had incurred huge amount of rehabilitation cost. The flooded
area measured during the time is approximately 540 km2 (Figure E-4). The recorded
emergency dam release flow from Chenderoh Dam during 24/12/2014 and
14/11/2015 flood event was 1442 m3/s and 395 m3/s respectively (Figure E-5). The
distance between Kg. Gajah and Chenderoh Dam is approximately 120 km. The
released flow will reach Kg. Gajah within 24 hours. Plate E-2 shows the photo of
flood at Kg. Gajah during 24/12/2015 event.

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-4 : Flooded Area (Source : JPS Malaysia)

FINAL REPORT
Plate E-2 : Recent Flood Photo (24/12/2014) – Kg. Gajah

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-5 : Recorded Flow Release from Chenderoh Dam
In general, form the consultant assessment, the flooding in the Kampong Gajah could
be as follows:-
i. Overspills of flood water from Sg. Perak due to low ground and bund
level along the study area
ii. High rainfall within the Chenderoh dam catchment
iii. High flow due to the emergency release from Chenderoh dam in the
upper catchment.
iv. High tail waters of the Sg. Perak especially at the drainage outlets
v. Inadequacies of storm drainage system within the study area

FINAL REPORT
3.0 HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC MODELLING
3.1 XP-SWMM MODEL
This hydrologic model used is XP-SWMM (Figure E-6). It simulates runoff

hydrographs at defined points throughout a catchment for a set of catchment
conditions and specific rainfall events. The hydrologic model of the study catchment
has been developed based on various information DTM from LIDAR/IFSAR and
survey data. The main purpose of the model is generated runoff from
subcatchment and discharge at specific location for the hydraulic design purposes.
Model is build with the consideration of flood plain.
The hydraulic model of the study catchment has been developed from the available
survey data and the DEM (Figure E-7). The element of open channel flow and the
basic differential equations for solving flow in XP-SWMM are derived from the
gradually varied, one-dimensional, unsteady flow equations for open channels,
known as the St. Venant equations.
Figure E-6 : XP-SWMM Nodes

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-7 : Delineation of Subcatchment and DEM

FINAL REPORT
3.2 DESIGN FLOWS
Analyses carried out using XP-SWMM model revealed that the existing peak
discharge from the subcatchments varies from 0.06 m³/s to 3273 m³/s. Runoff peak
discharges under future catchment condition were also simulated. The average
increment of the future peak flow compare to the existing catchment conditions is
approximately 144%. The high increases in some of the subcatchments are
attributed to the major change of land use in 2035 within the area.
The existing and future peak flows based on the worst scenario, scenario C for Q5,
Q20, Q50 and Q100yr ARI at various locations along Sg. Perak is shown in Figure E-
8.
3.3 FLOOD PROFILES
After the hydraulic model has been setup, it is ready to carry out various simulations
for different events. Simulations provide vital information about flood levels, extent of
inundation, flow velocities and flow behaviour for a range of flooding conditions.
Initially the existing river and main drain system are simulated and analysed for
present as well as future land use conditions to assess its capacity and the current
protection level provided by the system. It enables us to outline and evaluate the
feasibility of the proposed flood mitigation options to be adopted. Any river and
drainage works that are being and going to be implemented in the catchment are
also simulated for their effectiveness and impacts.
From Figure E-9 it was found that the existing capacity of Sg. Perak at Kg. Gajah is
lower than 5yr ARI. Under 5yr ARI and above, flooding is expected from CH
75,000m to Ch 125,000m . This is due to the high tailwater condition at sea, release
from Chenderoh Dam and undersized existing river section. Under 100yr ARI
existing land use event, the maximum flood depth is 2.0m.

FINAL REPORT
EXISTING FUTURE
ARI PEAK (M3/S) ARI PEAK (M3/S)
Q5 1308.00 Q5 2040.00
Q20 2047.00 Q20 2446.00
Q50 2602.00 Q50 2813.00
Q100 3158.00 Q100 3369.00
CH125000m
EXISTING FUTURE
Q5 1278.00 Q5 1790.00
Ch100000m Q20 1791.00 Q20 2002.00
Q50 2096.00 Q50 2214.00
Q100 2439.00 Q100 2557.00
EXISTING FUTURE
CH90000m
Q5 1119.00 Q5 1303.00
Q20 1305.00 Q20 1353.00
Q50 1374.00 Q50 1396.00
Q100 1436.00 Q100 1458.00
CH70000m
EXISTING FUTURE
Q5 1678.00 Q5 2605.00
Q20 2276.00 Q20 3689.00
Q50 2718.00 Q50 4669.00
Q100 3147.00 Q100 5625.00
Figure E-8 : Existing and Future Peak Flows at Various Locations (Scenario C)

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-9 : Simulated Flood Profiles under Existing Catchment Conditions

FINAL REPORT
3.4 FLOOD EXTENT
The results of the 2D simulation, in the form of a map of maximum flood extents and
depths were produced for the project area. This 2D flood model will be further
utilized for simulating the various flood mitigation scenarios in the study area.
Approximately 86% of the project area is prone to flooding above floor level under
100yr ARI existing catchment condition. The average increment of flood extend is
0.24 km2. The existing and future flooding condition for 100YR ARIs are shown in
the flood map in Figure E-10 and Figure E-11.
3.5 ESTIMATED FLOOD DAMAGE
The total flood damages under 100yr ARI is approximately RM 14,991,555.00.
Table E-1: Estimated Flood Damage under 100yr ARI Existing Land Use Conditions
Mean Damage Unit

Property Type
Value (RM) Estimated Flood Damage (RM)

Kampung Houses 3,274.00 982,200
Terrace Houses 3,274.00 818,500
Commercial 3,967.00 595,050
Industrial 9,433.00 -
Institutional 460,575.00 3,684,600
Agricultural 11,664/ha 2,916,000
Infrastructure (Road) 428,550/km 2,571,300
Infrastructure (Water
725,000.00 725,000
Treatment Plant)
RM
Flood Event Intangible
Potential Damages Infrastructure Damages Total Damages
Damages
8,996,350.00 3,296,300.00 2,698,905.00 14,991,555.00
100yr ARI
TOTAL 14,991,555.00

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-10 : Flood Map 100yr ARI – Existing

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-11: Flood Map 100yr ARI – Future

FINAL REPORT
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
4.1 LAND USE
The project area is essentially a 5 km stretch on the right bank of Sungai Perak which
is located upstream of major town of Teluk Intan in Hilir Perak. This environmental
study will cover a greater area, which is considered the immediate zone of impacts.
Figure E-12 and E-13 shows the landuse map of Mukim Kampung Gajah, in which
the study area is located.
The landuse in Perak Tengah District is predominantly agriculture. Agriculture is

visibly significant in Kg. Gajah area. Farming is a core activity in the area, including
duck and fish farming. However, both sides of the river bank are seen urbanized with
residential, commercial and public utilities and infrastructure.
Kg. Gajah town is a centre of commercial activities. The town itself is provide various
facilities including institutions such as Police Station, mosque apart from banks and
commercial buildings.
The river side landuse consist of few educational institutions such as Maktab Rendah
Sains Mara (MRSM) Pasir Salak, Giatmara Kampar and Sekolah Menengah Agama
Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah.

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-12: Landuse of 100m-500m Map of Mukim Perak Tengah

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-13: Landuse of 1km-5km Map of Mukim Perak Tengah

FINAL REPORT
4.2 WATER QUALITY
The sampling locations were upstream of Kg Gajah town (near JPS’ pump house), at
the town itself and and downstream where JPS has constructed a groyne.
The results are compared to Class IIB of National Water Quality Standards. With the
exception of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), all other parameters are within the limit of
Class IIB. Class IIB depicts recreational use with body contact. Analysis were also
done for salinity and e-coli although these are not within Class IIB standards
parameters.
TSS results are evidently above the Class IIB limit for all stations. It is more striking
for point A1 which is the most upstream of the points. High TSS is often attributed to
uncontrolled sand mining, land clearing and river bank erosion. There a total of 2
locations of sand mining were found at Bota.
5.0 RECOMMENDED FLOOD MITIGATION PLAN
The flood mitigation plans are subjected to further evaluation with the objective of
enabling JPS to select the most suitable option for implementation. The option
evaluation is done mainly on the engineering assessment criteria covering
functionality and construction issues.
NERAL
With a target of containing the targeted 100 ARI (Sg. Perak) and 20yr ARI (Kg.
Gajah Area) flood level within the existing river banks under future catchment
conditions, all attenuated/reduced discharges within the proposed options are
hydraulically analyzed using the XP-SWMM model.
Based on ranking as given in Table E-2 below, the recommended option to be

adopted for implementation for Sg. Perak is Option 1A (Figure E-14) while Option 2
for Kg.Gajah (Figure E-15).

FINAL REPORT
Table E-2 : Comparison of Options

a) Sg. Perak
Functionality Construction Cost O&M Cost LA Cost Social & Enviromental Overall
Option
(40%) (25%) (5%) (15%) (15%) Score (%)
Points 2 5 5 5 10
1A 68.00
% 8.00 25.00 5.00 15.00 15.00
Points 5 3 1 3 7
1B 55.50
% 20.00 15.00 1.00 9.00 10.50
Points 5 4 4 4 7
2 66.50
% 20.00 20.00 4.00 12.00 10.50
Points 8 2 3 2 4
3A 57.00
% 32.00 10.00 3.00 6.00 6.00
Points 10 1 2 1 2
3B 53.00
% 40.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 3.00
b) Kg. Gajah
Functionality Construction Cost O&M Cost LA Cost Social & Enviromental Overall
Option
(40%) (25%) (5%) (15%) (15%) Score (%)
Points 2 1 1 2 4
1 65.00
% 20.00 12.50 2.50 15.00 15.00
Points 4 2 2 1 2
2 85.00
% 40.00 25.00 5.00 7.50 7.50
Summary of the recommended flood mitigation components are:-
Kg. Gajah
• A detention pond site with total area of 1.2 ha
• Construction of 6 flood gates and 3 pumping stations with total capacity of
31.0 m3/s.
• Construction of a collector drain with total length of 2 km
• Improvement of existing drains and culverts with total length of 12 km
Sg. Perak
• Construction of 13 numbers of flood gates and 9 pumping stations with total
capacity of 83.5 m3/s.
• Construction of 93.0 km long (both sides) flood walls and flood bunds with
4.5m height.

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-14: Proposed Measures for Sg. Perak

FINAL REPORT
Figure E-15: Proposed Measures for Kg. Gajah

FINAL REPORT
6.0 PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The short term 5 years solution plan is proposed structural measures are
focused to protect Kg. Gajah town area from nuisance flooding. The proposed
implementation program is shown in Figure E-16. Each of the packages will
take approximately from 60 months to be completed.
The implementation of the overall project component is proposed to expand

over 50 years period from 2020 to 2070 (Figure E-17).
However, this implementation program shall be subjected to the financial

capacity of the State Government.
7.0 OUTCOMES OF THE PROJECT
Among the outcomes of the project area:-
• Provide 100yr ARI flood protection level for Sg. Perak and 20yr ARI for
Kg. Gajah
• Prevent flood damages to the resident and properties up to RM
14,991,555.00
• Reduce flood risk to approximately 3,200 people in Kg. Gajah area
• Reduce flood area to 95% (3.07 km2).

Year
Package/Priority Work Component Total Project Cost(RM)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
-Design Stage
-Land Acquisition
-Tendering
-Construction
A. Kg. Gajah
1. Flood Gates 4,834,981.95
2. Pumping Stations 24,251,829.03
1
3. Collector Drain 5,774,698.88
4. Drain Upgrading 36,765,780.08
5. Detention Pond 1,330,667.66
Subtotal 72,957,957.60
B. Sg. Perak
1. Flood Bund/Wall at Kg. Gajah (one side 6km) 19,913,158.43
Subtotal 19,913,158.43
TOTAL 92,871,116.03
Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan |

Figure E-16 : Proposed Short Term (5years) Implementation Program
E-27
am
FINAL REPORT
Year
Package/Priority Work Component Total Project Cost(RM)
2025-2035 2036-2045 2046-2055 2056-2065 2066-2075
A. Sg. Perak
-Design Stage
-Land Acquisition
-Tendering
-Construction
1 1. Flood Gate 10,785,330.11
2 2. Pumping Stations 63,753,339.48
3 3. Flood Bund/Wall 288,740,797.19
TOTAL 363,279,466.77
Figure E-17 : Proposed Long Term (50years) Implementation Program
Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan |

E-28
FINAL REPORT

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JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN

FLOOD MITIGATION MASTER PLAN FOR

PRIMA REKA KONSULTAN

1.0 Introduction E-1

2.0 Study Area E-2

3.0 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modelling E-11

4.0 Environmental Issues E-19

5.0 Recommended Flood Mitigation Plan E-22

6.0 Proposed Implementation Plan E-26

7.0 Outcomes of the Project E-26

Figure E-1 Location of the Focused Area E-3

Plate E-1 Existing Conditions of the Study Area E-5

Jabatan Pengairan Dan Saliran Malaysia (JPS) requires engineering consultancy

The specific objectives of the study are as follows:

❖ To formulate a comprehensive a short term (5yrs) and long term (50yrs)

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-1

2.0 STUDY AREA

2.1 FOCUS STUDY AREA

2.2 RIVER AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Sg. Perak has a total catchment area of 12,786 sq km (measured at Kampong

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-2

Figure E-1 : Location of the Focused Area

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-3

Figure E-2 : River Catchment of Sg. Perak

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-4

Plate E-1 : Existing Conditions of the Study Area

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-5

2.3 EXISTING HYDROELECTRIC DAMS

Figure E-3 : The 4 Hydroelectric Dams in Sg. Perak

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-6

2.4 LAND USE OF PERAK TENGAH DISTRICT

2.5 FLOODING ISSUES

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-7

Figure E-4 : Flooded Area (Source : JPS Malaysia)

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-8

Plate E-2 : Recent Flood Photo (24/12/2014) – Kg. Gajah

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-9

Figure E-5 : Recorded Flow Release from Chenderoh Dam

ii. High rainfall within the Chenderoh dam catchment

v. Inadequacies of storm drainage system within the study area

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-10

3.0 HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC MODELLING

3.1 XP-SWMM MODEL

This hydrologic model used is XP-SWMM (Figure E-6). It simulates runoff

Figure E-6 : XP-SWMM Nodes

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-11

Figure E-7 : Delineation of Subcatchment and DEM

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-12

3.2 DESIGN FLOWS

3.3 FLOOD PROFILES

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-13

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-14

Figure E-9 : Simulated Flood Profiles under Existing Catchment Conditions

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-15

3.4 FLOOD EXTENT

3.5 ESTIMATED FLOOD DAMAGE

The total flood damages under 100yr ARI is approximately RM 14,991,555.00.

Mean Damage Unit

Value (RM) Estimated Flood Damage (RM)

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-16

Figure E-10 : Flood Map 100yr ARI – Existing

Prepared by Prima Reka Konsultan | E-17

Figure E-11: Flood Map 100yr ARI – Future