PE 6030 Reservoir Engineering

Class Assignment Test CAT – 09

Prof Suresh Kumar Govindarajan IIT - Madras
Instructions
1. CAT will be conducted during the Regular Class Hour as per the Given Instructions.
2. Bring the hard copy of this Question Paper during the mentioned date and time; and
the Question Paper will NOT be supplied in the Class Room.
3. Bring the Required Number of A4 Blank Sheets and the Answer Sheets will NOT be
supplied in the Class Room.
4. Write Your Name, Roll Number, Course Name and Course Number & Date in your
Answer Sheet.
5. Answer ALL the Questions.

Write down the answers with proper sketches and elaborately

CAT 09 QUESTION PAPER

1. Sketch the typical permeability ranges for conventional and

unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.
2. Sketch the variation of Capillary Pressure as a function of Water
Saturation for different reservoirs having varying porosity and
permeability.
3. Explain the concept of “Contact Angle” associated with a hydrocarbon
reservoir.
4. Explain the concept of “Transition Zone” for oil-wet and water-wet
reservoirs. Sketch Capillary Pressure as a function of Water-Saturation;
and highlight the points of FWL and OWC.
5. Explain with a sketch the variation of Capillary Pressure and Relative
Permeability as a function of water saturation for (a) water-wet; and (b)
mixed-wet reservoirs.
6. Unsteady-state water-flood procedure: Brief with a sketch.
7. Steady-state water-flood procedure: Brief with a sketch.
8. Plot a typical Relative Permeability Curve from a Water Flood.
9. Explain the following: (a) Wettability; (b) Oil-wet; (c) water-wet; (d)
neutral-wet; (f) fractional wettability; and (g) mixed-wettability.
10. Sketch the schematic of test procedure for combined USBM-Amott Test.
Reservoirs with large pore throats and high permeability have short transition zones, and the
transition zone at a gas-oil contact will be shorter than that at an oil-water contact simply because of
the inter-phase density differences involved.

Since a pore system is made up of a variety of pore sizes and shapes, no single pore throat
radius can be assigned to a reservoir. Depending on the size and distribution of the pore
throats, certain available pore channels will raise water above the free-water level. The water
saturation above the top of the transition zone will thus be a function of porosity and pore-
size distribution.

In a water-wet system, the water will wet the surface of each grain or will line the walls of the
capillary tubes. At the time oil migrates into the reservoir, the capillary pressure effects will
be such that the downward progress of oil in the reservoir is most strongly resisted in the
smallest capillaries. A particular elevation will limit the amount of oil that can be expected to
fill the pores. Large-diameter pores offer little resistance (capillary pressure, Pc, is low
because pore radius, r, is large). Small-diameter pores offer greater resistance (Pc is high
because r is small). For a given reservoir, o and w determine the pressure differential that an
oil-water meniscus can support.
Unsteady-state water-flood procedure
Steady-state water-flood procedure
Typical Relative Permeability Curve from a Water flood