MODULE III

I. THE LODGING OPERATIONS AND PRINCIPLES

II. CONTENT SUMMARY

This module covers the hotel qualifications, standards, variation, ownership and
affiliation of lodging operation and its principles. Wherein it discussed various types of
classification used in the hospitality industry for their daily operation.

III. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module the student should:
1. Discuss the different types of lodging accommodations
2. Discuss the hotel classification and standard requirements
3. Discuss the different styles and locations of the hotel
4. Discuss the hotel ownership and affiliation

IV. LECTURE NOTES

Hotel classifications and standard requirements
The following are the minimum requirements for the operation of a hotel in the
Philippines for the purpose of accreditation and as hereby classified by the tourism in the
following categories, namely;
a) De Luxe Class
b) First Class
c) Standard Class
d) Economy Class

Hotel classification Room size, Facilities Hotel Facilities Hotel Services

and other Services

 Rooms are at  Function/conference  Porter

least twenty-five facilities  Foreign language
(25) sq. meters.  Swimming pool  Mailing
De Luxe Class  Private bathroom  Tennis, golf, squash  Long
with bathtub and or Gym Facilities Distance/overseas
shower and 24-  Live entertainment calls
hour running hot  Barber shop, beauty  Left Ingrate and
and cold water
  Telephone parlor and sundry safety deposit
 Radio and shop boxes
television  DOT – accredited  Telex and
 Cold drinking Travel Agency/Tour facsimile
water Counter  Laundry and dry
 In-room cleaning
refrigerator and  Parking/valet
well stocked services
mini-bar  Medical services
 24-room service  Business center
 Limousine
service, Airport
Transfers
available 24
hours

 Room are at  Function/conference  Porter

least twenty-five facilities  Foreign exchange
(25) sq. meters  Swimming pool  Mailing
First Class  Private bathroom  Tennis, golf, squash  Long distance/
with bathtub or gym facilities or overseas calls
and/or shower a tie-up with in the  Left luggage and
and 24 hour vicinity of the hotel safety deposit
running hot and  Live entertainment boxes
cold water  Barber shop, beauty  Telex and
 Telephone parlor and sundry facsimile
 Radio, television shop  Laundry and dry
or pipe-in music  DOT accredited cleaning
 Cold drinking travel agency/ tour  Parking/valet
water counter services
 24-hour room  Limousine
service service, airport
transfer
*available 24
hours

 Room at least  Sundry shop  Porter

eighteen (18) sq.  Foreign exchange
meter  Mailing
Standard class  Private bathroom  Long distance /
with shower and overseas calls
24-hour cold  Telex
running water  Laundry and dry
 and hot water at cleaning by
selected hours arrangement
 Telephone  Parking
 Cold drinking  24-hour medical
water services
 Room service  Airport transfers

 Rooms are at  Porter

least (18) sq.  Mailing
meter  Long distance/
Economy class  Private bathroom overseas calls
with shower and  Telex
24-hour cold  Laundry and dry
running water cleaning by
and hot water at arrangement
selected hours  Medical services
 Cold drinking upon request
water
 Room service

CLASSIFICATION and STAR RATINGS of HOTELS in FOREIGN COUNTRIES

With so many different types of hotels available, it is difficult to compare price
and standard between them. Star ratings symbolize the level of service, range facilities and
quality of guest care that you can expect.
The star rating system in foreign country is the subject of much debate. There is a
great deal of confusion, particularly for those based overseas, since a number of different
organizations rate hotels, and the criteria are not always the same. The English Tourism Board in
foreign countries presented the qualification by harmonizing star rating system. Hotels are
required to meet progressively higher standard as they move up the scale from one to five stars.

Star rating Requirements

 Practical accommodation with limited
range of facilities and services, but a high
standard of cleanliness throughout.
 Friendly and courteous staff to give you
One star the help and information you need to
enjoy your stay.
 Restaurants/ eating area open to you and
your guests for breakfast and dinner.
 Alcoholic drinks will be served in a bar or
lounge.
 75% of bedrooms will en-suite or private
 facilities

(in addition to what is provided at One Star)

 Good overnight accommodation with
more comfortable bedrooms, better
equipped all with en-suite or private
Two Star facilities and color TV.
 A relatively straight forward range
services, including food and drink and a
personal style of service.
 A restaurant/dining room for breakfast
and dinner
 A lift is normally available.

(in addition to what is provided at Two Star)

 Possibly larger establishments, but all
offering significantly greater quality and
range of facilities and services, and
Three Star usually more spacious public areas and
bedrooms
 A more formal style of service with a
receptionist on duty and staff responding
well areas and bedrooms.
 A more formal style of service with a
receptionist on duty and staff responding
well to you needs and requests.
 Room service of continental breakfast
 Laundry service available
 A wide selection of drinks, light lunch and
snacks served in a bar or lounge.

(in addition to what is provided at One, Two

and Three Stars)
 Accommodation offering superior comfort
Four Star and quality; all bedrooms with en-suite
bath, fitted overhead shower and water
closet.
 The hotel spacious and very well
appointed public areas and will put a
strong emphasis on food and drink
 Staff will have very good technical and
social skills, anticipating and responding
to your needs and requests.
 Room service of all meals and 24-hour
drink, refreshments and snacks.
  Dry cleaning service available

(in addition to what is provided in One, Two,

Three, Four Star)
 A spacious, luxurious establishment
offering you to the highest international
quality of accommodation, facilities,
services and cuisine.
Five Star  It will have striking accommodation
throughout, with a range of extra
facilities.
 You will feel very well cared for by
professional, attentive and staff providing
flawless guest services.
 A hotel that fits the highest international
standards for the industry, with an air of
luxury, exceptional comfort and
sophisticated ambience.

Style and Location of Hotels

Hotels are generally classified by their style and location. Each classification is geared to
specific clientele. Several companies classify hotels according to amenities and services by using
a star system. The more stars, the more luxurious the hotel. For the most part, classifications can
way within each type of hotel style. However, it is rare for budget to attain extremely high
ratings, because they do not have the amenities necessary for higher classifications.

Resort Hotels
Resort hotels are frequently by the customer on vacation. They may feature amenities that
will permit their clientele to relax and have fun. Popular amenities may include: spas, pools,
beach or mountain locations on-site kids’ activities, restaurants, pool bars and babysitting
services. Concierge are often available to help patrons find restaurants or book sightseeing tours.
Patrons often stay a week or more. Resort hotels, because of their many amenities, often attain
high star ratings.

Airport Hotels
Airport hotels are designed to have clean rooms and are booked because of their close
proximity to the airport. Often, they offer shuttles to and from the airport. Many airport hotels
offer business amenities and restaurants for guests? Airport hotels may have a high turnover of
guests staying for short duration of time, and are often located cities.
Casino Hotels
 casino hotels are unique because they provide preferential gamble. Guests who spend
enough time or money at the casinos can receive complimentary rooms and dining. Casino hotels
are often luxurious and offer full-service restaurants, indoor shopping, pools and finest facilities.
These hotels offer plenty of night life including shows, dance clubs and comedians. Sometimes
they are located in recent areas. Star ratings are based on amenities, location and room quality.

Economy Hotels
Economy hotels provided limited at reasonable rates. Sometimes, economy hotels
provide guests with a complimentary continental breakfast. Economy hotels in resort areas may
be of the beaten path, or in slightly less desirable location. Economy hotels offer basic room
accommodations, and many do not have full service on-site restaurants. More recently, some
economy hotels have adjacent chain restaurants within walking distance, often sharing the same
pacing kit.

Conference Centers and Commercial Hotels

Conference centers and commercial hotels are designed for business clientele.
Conference centers feature multi-purpose rooms that can accommodate seminars and business
programs. They have banquet facilities that can serve and accommodate large parties, and also
offer equipment and acoustics suitable for speakers and visual presentations. Some conference
centers and commercial hotels are located in recent areas, but they still focus on the business
needs of clients and companies.

Suite Hotels
Suite hotel appeal to business people that refers a separate work space or families that
want one room, yet also want some room separation for children. They often feature multiple
rooms, and may have a pull-out bed in addition to the main sleeping area. Suite hotels have a
broad range of amenities, and can be classified as high as a luxury hotel, or as a basic economy
hotel, depending on the location and the services offered.

TYPES of RESTAURANTS
Various types of restaurants fall into several industry classifications based upon
menu style, preparation methods and pricing. Additionally, how the food is served to the
customer helps to determine the classification.
 Fast food
 Fast casual
 Casual dining
 Family style
 Fine dining

VARIATION of RESTAURANTS
 Most of these establishments can be considered subtypes of the fast casual dining
restaurants or casual dining restaurants.
 Brasserie and Bistro
 Buffet and Smorgasbord
 Café
 Cafeteria
 Coffeehouse
 Destination and restaurants
 Tabletop cooking
 Mongolian barbecue
 Pub
 Teppanyaki-style

HOTEL OWNERSHIP and AFFILIATION

Many guests have an affinity with a particular group or chain of hotels and being always
seek out an establishment in which they feel the surroundings are familiar. A chain of hotels
generally refers to a number of operations that belong to the same organization.
 International Corporate Hotels
 These large chains which almost household words in the hotel and entering
industry (e.g. Hilton, holiday Inns, InterCon and Marriot). Some of the groups are
a combination of company-owned, franchised and management contract
operations. While others were entirely owned by an individual or a company.
Their main features include standardization of service, facilities and price, and
may chains endeavor to operate a hotel in most capitals in the word.

 Major National Hotel Companies

 The other foreign has its share of international hotels and many of the major
national hotel companies are equally well known all over the world. This sector of
the trade is increasingly dominated by the breweries, which have expanded into
the hotel business over the last few years.

 Small Hotel Groups

 Not all of hotels are large or widely dispersed. Some companies own a group that
may consist of no more than four or five hotels, and they may be confined to a
particular region or country.

 Independent Hotels
 These are units which are privately owned or independent of any company. Many
guests enjoy staying at an establishment of this nature because of the individuality
of the operation. The countries the guest must find another hotel which suits them
 and other for their needs. Boutique hotels are often independent hotels. These
hotels offer the guest a unique experience.

 Hotel Consortium
 this system overcomes the disadvantage referred to above since it provides a way
for independently owned hotels to affiliate themselves to one another without
surrendering their individuality. The advantages to the hotel include shared
advertising costs, bulk purchasing and a referral of bookings, and to the guest a
standardizing of quality. Examples of hotel consortiums are small luxury hotels of
the world and preferred hotels and resorts.

HOTEL MANAGEMENT and its PRINCIPLES

Management
 is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives
using available resources efficiently and effectively.
Hotel management
 is the executive level of a hotel. This management position will oversee al aspects
of running a hotel. This will be in the form of the hotel, housekeeping, restaurant,
meetings, etc.
hospitality management concept
 is translated into functions lead to the creation of a cohesive hotel organization.
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing/leading
4. Controlling
5. Staffing

Hotel Innovation of Principles of Management

1. Division of work
 Work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure that effort and
attention are focused on special portions of the task.
2. Authority and responsibility
 Involves being accountable, and therefore naturally associated with authority.
Whoever assumes authority also assumes responsibility.
3. Discipline
 A successful organization requires the common effort of workers. Penalties
should be applied judiciously to encourage this common effort.
4. Unity of command
 Workers should receive orders from only one manager.
5. Unity of direction
 the entire organization should be moving towards a common objective in a
common direction.
 6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interests
 The interest of one person should not take priority over the interests of the
organization as a whole.
7. Renumeration
 many variables, such as cost of living supply qualified personnel, general business
conditions, and success of the business, should be considered in determining a
worker’s rate of pay
8. Centralization
 Lowering the importance of the subordinate role.
9. Scalar chain
 A chain like authority scale which necessary for the organization to be successful.
It is the level of their work activities inside the organization.
10. Order
 for the sake of efficiency and coordination, all materials and people related to a
specific kind of work should be treated as equally as possible.
11. Equality
 All employees should be treated as equally as possible.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
 Retaining productive employees should always be a high priority of management.
13. Initiative
 Management should take steps to encourage workers initiative which defined as
new or additional work activity undertaken through self direction.
14. Esprit de corps
 Management should encourage harmony and general good feelings among
employees.

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

 Known as the father of scientific management.

VI. TEACHING METHODS AND ACTIVITIES

 Online Lecture
 Online Discussion
 Quizzes

Quiz 2.

In your LMS the Quiz 2 is posted. Submit your output to your instructors. email account or
messenger. Kindly submit on or before the deadline.
VII. ASSESSMENT
 Quiz
 Recitation
 Class participation