ME SAGE

The Therapeutic Community Modality

Program (TCMP) is an
approachthatfocusesonthelearningan
drelearningofbehavioural
skills,a
titudesandvalues,associatedwithso
cializedlivingforour
clienteleinacommunityse tingT.
hisisinlinewiththeBJMP’sobjecti
ves
todevelopinmates’wayoflifewhich
theycanuseevenaftertheir
confinementinjail.TheBureau’sgoal
istopromotepositivechanges
amongtheinmatesandpreparethemforth
eireventualreintegrationin
thesociety.TheadaptationoftheTCMP
isanindicationthatweare
driftingawayfromthepreviousjail
se tingthatwehave.Wearenot
establishingaplaceforhardshipsand
tortureanymore,instead,weare
buildingaplaceforehabilitationh,
opeandchange.
 WiththecreationoftheTherapeuticCo
mmunityModalityProgram
Manu ecanbeassuredthateveryclientotfhe
alw, BJMPfeelsthathe/she
i safeata
timesandthatwecareforhis/herwell
-beingT. othemenand
womenoftheDirectorateforInmatesW
elfareandDevelopment(DIWD),I
expressmyheartfeltgratitudeandacc
lamationforajobwe doneT. hisis
anothermilestonefortheBureau,andw
iththehelpofyourconstructive
effortst,herealizationoafviolence
-freeja isonlyastepaway.
 DIONYDACANAYMAMARIL,
CES(E)
Ja ChieSf
uperintMenPdSeAnt
Officer-In-ChargeB, JMP

ME SAGE

ThecraftingoftheTCMPoperationalmanua
lisverytimelyinthe
a tainment of the bureau’s mandate
for inmates’ behavioral and
psychologicadl evelopment.

TheTCMPisavehiclewhichw
fosterbehavioralanda titudinal
changeamonginmatespriortothei
reintegrationintothemainstreamof
societyT. hi
signalsthebureau’sparadigmshift
frombeingapunitivetoa
rehabilitativeagency.

Theprogrammayhavewaveredforvariedreas
onsbutwiththe
craftingo TCMPpractitionersw
tfhismanua beabletoimplementit
la,
inastandardanduniformmanner.This
w guideourpersonnelonhow
totreatourinmateshumanely,allow
ingthemtogainself-confidenceand
be terself-esteem.

TothestaffoftheDirectorateforI
nmatesWelfareandDevelopment, eI
xpressmywarmestappreciationandcon
gratulations!
Withyourcoopera ecantrulyachieveourgoa
tiv effortsw, ls.

DORISREMEDIOS-
DORIGO,CESOIV Ja ChieSf
uperintendent
DeputyChieforAdministr
ation
ConcurrentDeputyChiefor
Operations

Republic of the Philippines Department of the Interior and Local

Government BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND
PENOLOGY
Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development
BJMP Building, 144 Mindanao Avenue, Project 8, Quezon City

ME SAGE
 The crafting of the Therapeutic Community
Modality Program
(TCMP) Manual is indeed a manifestation
that the Bureau of Jail
ManagementandPenologythroughDirectorat
eforInmatesWelfareand
Develeopment(DIWD)i
sincereinitsmissiontoimprovetheplight
of
everydetaineeunderitscustodyresponsive
toholisticdevelopment.With
abelievedthatTCMPisthemostappropriatep
rogramgearedtowards inmate’s
transformation. Hence, the finalization
of the manual was realized.

The TCMP which provides excellent model

willform part as springboardforja
personnelinunderstandingtreatmentenviro
nment whic
hasemphasisusingpeergrouptoshapenon-
compliantbehaviours
throughpositivepeerpressureI.nsteadosf
taffauthorityT, CMPminimizes
“passiveaggressivebehavior"amongclients
.Personnelareguidedonthe
strategywhichempowersinmateswithinacont
rolledse tingandcreatea
senseof“freedom"whichisnecessaryt
oenhancepersonalresponsibility
therebylesseninghostilebehavior,t
huscreatingaja environmentwith
genuinewarmandcaringclientstaffin
teractionsfosteringtosocial
controal
partfrom“traditionajlail".

Totheofficers,menandwomenoftheDIW
Dwhohaveputogether
theireffort,timeandbrilliantideas
incomingupwithacomprehensive
material,mydeepestappreciationandc
ongratulationsonceagainyou
haveprovenyourworthtotak
effectchangeintheinstitution.

AMELIAABBARIAO-
RAYANDAYAN,Ed.D Ja
SeniorSuDpSerCintende
nt
DirectorforInmatesWe
lfareandDevelopment

TCMPTECHNICALWORKINGG
ROUP
J/SSUPTAMELIAVTALENTO,TLPE
J/SUPTCAROLINACBORRINAGA,MPSA
 IRENES.LIM
,MD,DPBP

J/CINSPANGELOBENJAMINCDURANA
J/CINSPJULIETMMIRANDA J/SINSPRUDYOINTANG
J/INSPROMELCBASILAN SJO4RemediosNRemedios
SJO4ImeeSLopera SJO4JuliusDSPalada
SJO4HaideeGMacandili SJO3RomeoTBueno
SJO3AugustoBMaceda SJO3TeodoricoAGuirnaldo
SJO3RowenaGAurejo SJO2LarryRAlbano
SJO2AllainMAbastillas SJO2EdgardoTDeRl
osario JO1MariaTeresaLAuza
JO1VirginiaSMangawit
JO1CleofasTEncallado

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Wewishtoexpressourdeepestgratitud
etothefollowingpeople
whohaveinspiredandhelpedu anual.
sincraftingthisoperation
aml

ToJ/CSUPT
DIONYDMAMARIL,CES(E),forgiving
ushisfull
supportallthroughou
theprocess.Yourwisdomandguidance
propelledustoworkhardtocomeupw
iththisbook.

ToJ/CSUPT
DORISREMEDIOSDORIGO,CESOIV,J/CS
UPT
ROMEOSELISANJR,MPA,andJ/CSUPT
ALFREDODSOLIBAJR,
TLPE,fortheircontinouswordsofe
ncouragemen thatinspiredus tod
ourbest.
 ToDAYTOPInternationalandtheUSSt
ateDepartment,for
introducingtheconceptofTCMPtotheBJ
MPandtotheDAYTOP
trainorsf,ortheknowledgethatheyhav
eimpartedtous.

TotheRegionalDirectors,Warde
nsandBJMPPersonnel,for
supportingtheprogramandallowing
i toflourishasthebureau’s
backboneprogramforinmatedevelop
ment.

Toa
Residentsinourjails,forservi
ngasourinspirationin
ourquestforfindingwaystoimpro
vetheirlivingconditionand
psychos ell-being.
ociawl

TotheDIWDStaff,whopatientlylabo
redtoensurethepromt
completionotfhismanual.

TotheOfficersandStaffofBALAYReh
abilitationCenter,Inc.,
forgenerouslyprovidingfinancia
landtechnicalsupporttoour
endeavorintrainingourpersonneol
nTCMP.

TABLEOFCONTENTS
MESS
AGEF
MESSAGEFROMTHEOIC,BJMP
ROMT
MESSAGEFROMTHEDEPUTYCHIE HEDI
FORADMIN/OPNS RECT
OR,D
IWD
PAGES
TCMPTECHNICALWORKINGGROUP
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
TABLEOFCONTENTS 6

CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION 7
HISTORYOFTCMPINTHEBJMP 8
TCMPCONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK 10
PHASESOFTREATMENT 15
CHAPTERII
BEHAVIORMANAGEMENT 21
BEHAVIORSHAPINGTOOLS 23
HIERARCHYOFBEHAVIORSHAPINGTOOLS 29

CHAPTERIII
PSYCHOLOGICALANDEMOTIONALASPECTS 41
COUNSELING 43
INTAKEINTERVIEW 46
INDIVIDUALCOUNSELING 47
GROUPCOUNSELING 49
SPECIALIZEDGROUPS 57

CHAPTERIV
INTELLECTUALANDSPIRITUALCOMPONEN 62
T
TCPHILOSOPHY 66
TCUNWRITTENPHILOSOPHIES 69
SEMINARS 77
SUGGECTEDACTIVITIES 80

CHAPTERV
VOCATIONAL/SURVIVALSKILLS 83
TCMPHIERARCHICALSTRUCTURE 86
JOBFUNCTIONS 89
DEPARTMENTANDFUNCTIONS 93
JOBCHANGES 97
LIVELIHOOD ANDSKILLSTRAINING 101
SCHEDULEOFACTIVITIES 103

ANNEXES
DEFINITIONOFTERMS 105
INTAKEASSESSMENTFORMS
SEMINARTOPICS
REFERENCES

CHAPTERI
 INTRODUCTION
ThemandateoftheBureauofJa
ManagementandPenology
(BJMP)isbothsafekeepingan
developmentofinmates.Thethrust
oftheDirectorateforInmates
WelfareandDevelopmentistodevise
programsforinmatedevelopmentopre
parethemfortheireventual
reintegrationinto the mainstream
of society. Behavioral and
psychological development is of
utmost importancesincesome
offenderslackthenecessarymoral,emo
tionalandpsychological
stabilitytomakethemlawabidingci
tizensuponreleasefromjail.
TheTherapeuticCommunityModal
ityProgram(TCMPi)saself-
helpsocialearningtreatmentmode
lwhichutilizes thecommunity as
the primary therapeutic vehicle
to foster behavioral and a
titudinalchange.Inthismodality
,thepersonlearnsandpractices
skillsandresponsibilities
throughstructuredactivities
thatheycan
transfer to the society upon their r
elease. Each participant is
expected to be
a contributing member of the
community and develops the impetus
to change by being a member of the
community.
AtpresentT,
CMPisrecognizedasthebackboneprog
ramotfhe
BJMPforinmatedevelopmentandisbe
ingimplementedinmajority
ofthejailsnationwide.Theprogra
mwasinconsistentlyimplemented
as it wavered due to varied reasons.
Despite the training of
numerousja
personnel,thepracticeofTCMPrema
inedfarfrom
beingideal.Alotofmodifications
anddeviationswereintroduced
thatsomeprogramslostheirfidelit
ytothecor essence ofTCMP.It
isforthisreasontha
thisofficialBJMPTCMPManualwascra
fted
toserveasreferenceandguidetoTCM
Ppractitionerstoa tain
uniformityinthepractice
oftheprogram.BJMPpersonnel,aswe
ll asinmatess, houldbewe
versedwiththecontentsotfhemanuaa
ls
these arenecessarytoa
taintherapeuticgoals.
TCMPINTHEBJMP:BACKGROUND

IntheBJMP,TherapeuticCommu
nityModalityProgram
(TCMP)wasintroducedin1998when
agroupofpersonnel
underwentasix(6)weeklive-
intrainer’strainingunderthe
DAYTOPInternationaltrainerss
ponsoredbytheUSState
Department.Fromthenon,anumbero
fBJMPpersonnelwere
trainedbyDAYTOPtrainersn,
amelyAloysiusJosephF, rederick
Loke,JimmyCurtinandFernandoPe
rfas.Theprogramwas
initiallyimplementedinselec
tedjailsintheNationalCapital
Region(NCR).TheTCMPtrainingw
ascascadedtoasignificant
numbe JMPpersonnelT. heJa
roBf NationaTl rainingInstitute
(JNTI)likewiseincorporatedth
eTCMPintoitsProgramof
Instruction(POI)forBJMPperson
nelundergoingmandatory
trainings.Despitethesignifican
tnumberoftrainer’straining
conducted,sustainingtheTCMPin
jailsremainedachallenge. There
is also the prevailing issue of
development versus
security.Thewardenswereadamanto
implementheprogram
forfearofsecuritylaxitydueto
theincreasedmobilityof
inmatesduringactivities.Thelo
wratioofjailpersonnelto
inmates
hascausedsuchalarm.Despitethese
factors,some
jailscontinuetoimplemen
theTCMPbutactivities
aremostly
centeredontheMorningMeeting.Th
eTCstaffsareregularly rotatedt
otherjailsaspartoftheBJMPrule
s thusleavinga
vacuumontherespectivejailsifn
otproperlyrelievedby another
TC trainedstaff. This lackof
constancy and consistencymakes
itdifficultfortheprogramtothr
iveD.espite
theirTCtraining,TCstaffgeneral
lyfeelsinep tohandlethe
program.Onassessmentofth
existingTCMPincertainjails,
somemodificationswereintroduced
whichtendtodeviatefrom
 thecoreessence oftheprogram,hence
thisTCMPmanualhas
beencrafted.

Dueto
thelargenumberofjailsnationw
ideandthehuge
budgetaryrequirementneededtotr
aina theprospectiveTC
staff,theDIWDcameupwithaprogra
mdecentralizingthe
trainingactivities
tominimizemanpowerandresource
s.Every
regionwasrequiredtoidentifya
ndestablisharegionalmodel
TCja whichw
bedevelopedbyaregionalcoregro
upofTC
trainersT odeTl Cja w
. thenserveasatraining
heregionam
l
centerforprospectiveTCstafffo
rtherespectiveregionsT. hisis
aneffectivewayofreachingevent
heruraljailstoimplement
TCMPonanationalscale.InNovem
ber2012,theBJMP
NationalTCTechnicalWorkingG
roupinitiatedthecraftingof
the BJMP TCMP Operational Manua
l which willserveas reference
forastandardanduniformTCimp
lementationand trainingopf
ersonneal ndinmates.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To introduceand
institutionalize TCMP as the
 backbone
programotfheBJMPforinmatedeve
lopment
2. Toprovidetheja
TCMPimplementerswithamanualthatw
ill
serveasaguideintheproperimplemen
tationotfheprogram
3. Toa
tainuniformityandstandardization
intheimplementation
ofTCMPandensureitsfidelity
tothecoreessenceofthe
program

.
 TCMPCONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK

The Therapeutic Community Modality

Program and the Four Interconnected
DevelopmentAspects:Behavior Manageme
nt; Emotional andPsychological;
Intellectual andSpiritual; and
Vocationaal ndSurvivaSl kills.
TheTherapeuticCommunityModalityPro
gramisadoptedbythe
bureauina
taining oneofitsmandates,the “Devel
opment of
Inmates”howeverthereareissuesan
dconcernsa tributedtothe
programimplementationthatneeds
tobeaddressedtoensureits
effectiveness.TheTCMPbelievesthatape
rsonneedstohavea
strongsense
ofpersonalandsocialresponsib
ilityinordertolivea
fullyfunctionahl
ealthylifestyle.

The conceptual paradigm of the study

elaboratesthe four
developmentaspectsofTCMP,theseare
:behaviormanagement, emotional
andpsychological, intellectual
andspiritual, and
vocationalandsurvivalskills,sho
wingspecialareasofconcernin
theindividual’spersonality.Each
componenthasverydiscretesets
oaf ethodologiesandphilosophies
ctivi andunderlyingtheories
tiesm
,
thathel
promotechangeinthemembersotfhecommu
nityandthe
use ovf
ariousbehaviorshapingtoolsarein
terconnected/interrelated
withoneanother.
 TCPHILOSOPHY

aI mherebecause
thereisnorefugefinallyf,rommys
elf.

Unt cI onfrontmyselifnth eyes

andheartsoof thers,

aI
mrunni
ng.

Unt sI
ufferthemtosharemysecrets,

hI
avenosafetyfromthem.

Afraidto
beknown,
 cI anknowneithermyselnf
oranyother,

wI
bealon
e.

Wher
elsebutinourcommongroundcansI
ee sucha
 mirr
or?

Heret,ogethercI,
anatlastappearclearlytomyself
,

notasth ydreamsnor yfearsb, ut

egiant thedwarof
omf mf

asapersonp, ithmyshareinitspur
artotfhewho pose.
lew,

InthisgroundcI,
antakerootandgrown,
otaloneanymore,

asindeathbutalivetomyselaf
ndt others.

LAYUN
IN

(TCPhilosoph
yinTagalog)
AKO’YNARIRIT
OSAPAGKAT
HINDKI
ONAMATATAKASA
 N
ANGAKINGSARIL
I.
HANGGANGHINDAI
KONAGIGINGMATAPA
T SAPAGPUNAS
AKINGSARILI
SAMAT ATPUSONGIBAA,
KO’YTUMATAKBO.
HANGGANGHINDKI
OINILALAHAD
 ANGLABNI GAKINGMGALIHIM,
AKO’YWALANGKAPA
YAPAAN.
SAMALAKINGTAKOTNASAR
ILI’YMABUNYAG,
HINDKI
OMAUUNAWAANANGAKINGS
ARILI
ATPAGKATAONGI
BA.
SADILIMMANANATI
LINGNAG- ISA.
SAANPAKUNDSI
APILINGNGKATULA
DKO MAKIKIT
ANGTUNAYNASALAM
IN.
SAMA-
SAMADITOSAWAKAS,
MATATANGGAPKOANGTUNAYATSA
RILINGPAGKATAO.
DAI
NGBALIWNGAKING
PANGARAP
OANGALIPI
NGAKINGTAKOT.
SAHALIPBILANGISANGTAOS
AKOPNGSANLIBUTAN
ATMAYBAHAGSI
ALAYUNINGITO.

SALUPANGITOAKOAYMAKAPAG-
UUGATATSUSUPLING.
DNI AKOMULINGMAG-
ISATULADSAKAMATAYAN.

SAHALIPAYMAYAL

ABANGBUHAY

SASARILAI

TKAPWA .
CARDINALRULESINTC

*Nosexorsexualactingout

*Nodrugs/Alcohol

*Noviolenceorthreatofviolence

*Nostealing

HOUSERULES:Examples
 Nodestructionojfa property
Respectstaffandstatus

Followdirectionswithoutfee
dback
Nocigare tesmoking
Nocontraband
Nogambling
Beontimeina activities
Lightsoffat10:00 PM

Notalking/laughingafterlig
htsoff

Maintaingoodgroomingandhygi
ene
Novandalism
Becourteoustopeople
Use thechainocf ommand

Notalking/laughingduringth
eMorningmeetingand
otherac
tiviti
es

Nolendingorborrowingwithou
tpermission

Respectotherpeople’sproperty

*Please M’ anuafloradditionahl
refertoI ouse rules.
nmates
PHASESOFTREATMENT
TCMPintheBJMPsetupisquiteuniq
ueinthesense thatinmates
areincustodywhileundergoingtr
iaflortheirindividuacl asesT.
heir
lengthofstayisdeterminedbyhow
fastisthedispositionoftheir
casesT. hecases
maybedecideduponafterashortper
iodotfimeor
maylastforyears.Thoughthediffe
rentphasesoftreatmentis
observed,itcannotbefullyimplemente
dormaynotbefollowedas
schedule duetotheuniqueness
otfhestatusotfheresidents.

PhaseI-Entr y/OrientationPhase

Onceaninmateiscommi
tedtojail,heundergoesaseriesof
examinationtodeterminehisphysic
al,socialandpsychological
status.Uponhiscommitment,areside
ntisplacedonorientationat
theReceptionandDiagnosticroom/Orie
ntationRoomI.nhereh, eis
acquaintedwiththeTCprogram:

- Therules andnormsotfhecommunity
- ri tenandunwri
TCconcep tenphilosophy
tsw,
-
Thestaffandthemembersotfhecommunit
y
- Thetoolsotfhehouse
- JobfunctionsandTChierarchy
Heisthenassignedastaticgroupan
dabigbrotherwhow provide
himwithsupportandw
walkhimthroughtheorientationp
hase. A
thisphase,theresidentishandled
gentlyandisexpectedto
commitmistakes
intheprocessoflearningtheprogr
am.Sanctions o
negativebehaviorareusuallyligh
twithemphasisonteaching.
PhaseII-PrimaryTreatment
Afterproperorientationonthediffere
ntTCconceptsandtools,the
normsandrulesofthecommunityandthest
affmembers,the
residentisnowreadytound ebecomes a
ergothetreatmentproperH
.
part of the community starting as a
crewmember of the
Housekeeping department untilhe
gradually ascends inthe
hiera emustbeknowledgeableonthefol
rchyH lowing:
.

Properuse
ofthedifferentoolstoaddress
personailssues and
concernsandshapebehavior
Managing own feelings and learning
howto expressself
appropriately
Learninghowtofollowtherules
andnormsotfhecommunity

Maximizeparticipationinactivit
ies thatareappropriatetothe
resident’nseedforgrowth
Learninghowtotrusth
environmentbydisclosingselftothe
communityan
developinsightintheprocess

Developing positive coping skills t

o deal with difficult life
situations
 Enhancing
educational and vocational
skills to make him
productive

Improvesocialskillsandrecognizet
heimportanceofother
people’shelpinshapingbehavior

PhaseIII-
PreRe-entry

Unde
regularcircumstances,theresidentise
xpecteda thi stage
tohaveinternalizedtheTCvalues
andconcep tostartlifeafresh.
However,intheja setingwher
entryandrelease arenotwithin
thejailcontrol,residentsmayno
thavereachedthisphaseof
treatmentbeforetheyevenleaveth
eja facility.
Regardless
oftheresident’slengthofstay,heisex
pectedtoundergo
thisphase priortorelease
intosociety.Athisphase,theres
identis
expectedtohaveprovenhisabilit
ytotakeonmoreresponsibility
hence
needslessersupervision.Heisconsider
edarolemodeilnthe
TCcommu eshouldfocusonthefollowing
nityH. learning:

Rebuildingosf ociaal
ndfamilyties
Goinguptheladderohf
ierarchybyshowingleadership
Realizationofhisfu
potentialtobeaproductivememberof
soci
ety
Mappingoutopf lans

PhaseIV-
Re-entr y

Intheidealseting,aresidenta
thisstageisnowreadytobe
releasedbacktosocietyashehasdemo
nstratedadequateself-
controlanddiscipline.Theinmate
isnowpreparingforhislife
outsideofja
andisfocusedonmakinghimselfap
roductivecitizen.
Hemaystartplanningforjobhunt
ingandrebuildingfamilyties
and
relationships.
Intheja seting, theresidentswi
lstayinsidethejailuntiltheir
casesareresolvedortheyhavebee
nconvictedandneedtobe
remandedtotheBureauofCorrecti
ons.
Theresidentmustfocusonthefollowing
:
Transitiontolifeoutsideojfail.

Creatinganewlifestyleapplyingthe
toolsandconceptoTf C.
Learning positive coping skills to
deal with day to day
situations.
Re-establishing and strengthening
family tiesand support
group.
 Reintegrationintothemainstreamos
f ociety.
Developingrealisticanda
tainablegoalsinlife.

PhaseIV-Aftercare

Aftercareisanoutpatientprogramthat
requires clientstoreport
twice
aweektoanoutreachcenter.Theyare
requiredtoa tend
groupsessionstoensuretheiradjus
tmen tolifeoutsidejailto
reduce
recidivism.Forclientsreleasedfr
omjail,theyarereferredto
theParoleandProbationAdministra
tionandLocalGovernment
Unitsforfollowupandaftercare
.Theclientsarefocusedonthe
following:

Maintainingpositivebehaviorandpr
eventrecidivism
Strengtheningcopingmechanism

Maintainingrelationshipsandsuppo
rtmechanism

Sustaininginterestinjoborvocatio
ntomaintainlivelihood
Integrationintosociety
STANDARDPARAMETERSFO

RJAILTCMP A .

PhysicalEnvironmen

t:

Theinternalandexternalenvironm
entiscomfortable,
cleanandwelcoming.
TC Philosophy and unwri
tenphilosophiesarevisibly
postedaroundthefacility.
Hierarchicasl tructurean
dailyactivities aredisplayed.
Thereisadequatespace
toholdactivities androomsfor
specificmeetingsthatrequirepr
ivacy.
Acleanandwe
maintainedkitchenthatcomplies
with
thesanitary JMP.
standardsoB
f
 Provisionorfecreationareasboth
indoorsandoutdoors.

Thediningareaisequippedwitheno
ughtables andchairs
toaccommodatetheinmates.

Adequatesanitarytoiletsandbath
roomsthatprovide
privacytousers.
Adequatespace
forsleepingandhabitationthatre
spects
theindividual’spersonasl
pace.

B. TCMPStaff:

TheTCMPstaffhasundergonepropertr
ainingonTCMP

PresenceofapermanentTCMPstafftos
upervisethe
programandconducthevariousact
ivities
TheTCMPstaffw notbetransferredt
otherjailsuntil
properlycoveredbyanotherTCtra
inedstaff
Thereispropershif turn-
overofTCtrainedstaffona
dailybasis

TCMPstaffcanbeutilizedtohandleo
thertasksbutputs
 prioritytoTCMP

Regularmeetingsareheldbystaffto
discussprogress,
issues
andconcernsaboutheprogram
Allthe jailstaff are
involved in the TCMP and are
contributingmembers

Thestaffworksasateamindeliverin
gservicestoinmates

Thestaffservesasrolemodelsandtre
atsinmates with
respectan dignity
Incentives
aregiventoTCMPstaffintermsofawa
rdsand
commendations

C. TheTherapeuticEnvironment-
TheInmates/Residents :

Theresidentstreateachothe
rwithrespectata times
regardless oaf
ger,eligionc, ulturadl
iversitye, tc.
 Theresidentspractice
acultureofhonestyandopenness
indiscussing thoughts
andfeelings, providing and
receivingfeedbacks

Confidentialityisrespectedandpra
cticed
The residents are involved in
decision making and
planninginTCMPactivities

TheparticipantsofTCMParechange
agentsinbringing
aboutransformationamongpeers

Theresidentscomplywiththecardi
nalandhouse rules
andserveas“watchdogs”for
theirpeerswiththeaimof
correctingerringmembers

Absence orminimailncidence
ojfa violence/disturbance
The residents respect the
hierarchy andchainof
command
 CHAPT
ERII

BEHAVIORMANAG
EMENT

INTRODUCTION
TheBehavior Management
isacomponent of Therapeutic
CommunityModalityProgram(TCMP)t
hatintroduces theconcept
andmechanicsofthevariousshapingt
oolstoincludeMorning
Meetinginordertofacilitatethema
nagementofandshapethe
behavioroftheresidents.Thisshows
theessentialelementsand
significanceof the tools which
would provide the community
commonlanguage,increase
cohesivenessandadap tothemoral
andbehavioralcodeofthetoolsappl
ication.Thebehaviorshaping
toolsareorderedinhierarchytopro
vid enoughroomforpersonal
growthandlearning.Thecommunityse
rvesasadynamicforce that
motivates
theindividuatloachievepositive
behaviorchange.
Objectives:

1.)Tointroduce
theconceptofbehaviormanagemen
throughthe use ovf
ariousbehaviorshapingtoolsto
residents.
2.)Toinstitutionalizethepractice
ofbehaviorshapingtoolsto
fosterbehaviorchangeamongresiden
ts.
3.)Tohighlightheimportance obf
ehaviormanagementinrelation
totheotherTCMPcomponentstowar
dsa titudinalchange
amongresidents.

Indicators:

1.)Residentsw
understandthedifferentBehavior
ShapingTools andpractice
themaspartotfheirdailylivin
g.

2.)Residentswillutilizethedi
fferentbehaviorshapingtoolsi
n
promotingchangewithinthemse
lves andothers.
3.)Residents will display
improvement in demeanor,
communicationandsociasl kills.
4.)Residentsw
understandtherelevance
ofthedifferentoolsin
thea tainmentobf ehavioracl hange.
TOOLS

*PreMorningMeeting

*MorningMeeting

*TalkTo

*Pu lUp

*DealtWith

*Haircut
*LearningExperience/Bans

*GeneralMeeting

*Expulsion
 Ex
pul

General
Meeting

Learning
Experience/Bans

Haircut

Dealt With

Pull-Up

Talk
To

Figure1.HierarchyofBehavior
ShapingTools
PREMORNINGMEETING

Duration/Frequency:
Fifteenminutes daily
Participants:Se ounselor
nioresidentsC,

Pre-MorningMeetingisdon
earlyinthemorningpriortothe
MorningMeeting.Seniormembersof
thecommunityw meetfor
aboutfifteen(15)minutes
todiscuss thea titudeofthehouse
the
previous day. It is also where the
senior members formulate
solutionstotheconcernsdiscussed
andtob executedduringthe
day.Thea tendees w
alsodiscusstheactivities tob
engagedin
theMorningMeetingandmakesuret
hata participantsareready
withtheircorrespondingpartsan
determinetheamountoftimeto
beallo
tedforeachpart.Thegroupwillag
reeonthethemeor
conceptotfhedayT.
hisistomakesurethateverythin
gisironedout
priortotheconductotfheMorni
ngMeetingsuchasthevalidation
of
pull-upsandotherconcerns.

MORNINGMEETING

Duration/frequency

: Onehourdaily
Participants: ounselor
A residentsC,

MorningMeetingisadailyritualth
atstartsthedayinaTC
faclilityI.tisa
tendedbythewholecommunityandla
stsforanhour. Itcommences
withtheOpeningPrayer,Singingo
fthePhilippine
NationalAnthemandtherecitationoft
heTCPhilosophy.Itis
usuallyfacilitatedbyanymemberotfhe
communityI.tisdividedinto
two(2)partsnamely:
(1)publicannouncementsandcommunity
concernsand(2c) ommunity-
spiritbuildingoruprituals.

Thefirstpartofthemeetingconsi
stsofpublicannouncements
regardingimportantactivities
orbusinesses andotherinformation
thatthecommunityneedstoknow.Iti
sareviewofhowthe
communityperformedintheprevious
dayandcheckonthebehavior
oferringmembersthroughtheconduct
of“pull-ups”.Apu upis
doneasanexpressionofconcernoverth
elapses ofsomemembers
andencourageo istakes
wnershipomf ontheviolatorsT.
hepull-upis
followed by affirmations of good
deeds, display of responsible
concerntowardspeersorunselfishact
sofsomeresidents.Thisisto
showthatgooddeedsarenotleftunnot
icedandleaveafeelingof
self-worthtothose
concerned.ThefirstpartoftheMor
ningMeeting isaseriousbusiness
wherethemembersar
expectedtobeformal
intheirdemeanorsR. ules
aresetsuchas:nosidetalking,nocross
leggingn, olaughingh,
andsonthelapsandsiterect.
 TheConceptoftheDayserves
asaguideastowhatdirection
thecommunityisheadedfortheday.
Itiselaboratedbyresidentsof
thecommunitytohaveabe
terunderstandingofthewholeconc
ept.
Theconceptofthedayispreferabl
ytakenfromtheUnwri ten
Philosophies oTf CMP.
The second part of the meeting
consists of entertaining
presentationstolightenupthemood
andstar thedayonapositive
note.Itsomehowdevelop
sometalentsandshedoffinhibitions
of participants.
PARTSOFTHEMORNIN
GMEETING

I.
COMMUNITYANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS

a. OpeningPrayer(Ecumenical)
b.
SingingofthePhilippineNationa
lAnthem(Flagmustbe
displ
ayed)

c.
TCPhilosophy(Adoptedtranslatio
n)
d. Announcements
Staff(Director,Asst.Direct
or,Counselor&other
personnel)
Residents(Co ep’t xpediter
ordinatorsD, Heads s)
E,
ReportonDormIns xpediter
pectionbyChieEf e.
CommunityConcerns
Pull-
ups/elaboratio
n
Affirmations
f.ConceptotfheDay
g. Verse otfheDay

I. UP–RITUALS
 h. News casting (Local, Nat’l,
International, Sports and
WeatherNews)
i.Entertainment(Choose
eitherSong,Dance,Skit,
HumorousStory)
j.CommunitySinging(Anysongtha
thasrelationtothe
ConceptotfheDay)
kG. reetings
 Ex
pul

n
Gen era
l
Meetin
g

Learnin
g
Experience/Bans
Figure1.HierarchyofBehaviorShapi
ngTools
HIERARCHYOFBEHAVIORSHAPINGTOOLS
BehaviorShapingTools(BST)ise
mployedtostrengthenthe
learningprocess andthepractice
ofmoreadaptivebehaviorswithin
thesocialearningenvironment.The
majortoolsotfheBSTs, uchas
the Talk To, Pu l–
up,Dealt With,Haircut, Learning Ex
perience,
Gen eetingandExpulsion
era
weredevelopedasameanstocorrect
Ml
behaviorsotfheresidentsthatviolate
dtheTCnormsT. heHierarchy
o ehaviorShapingToolsw
B serveasaguidetodeterminewhichof
f
thetoolsareappropriatetobeusedb
asedontheseverityofthe
infractionorviolationscommi
tedbytheresidentsagains theTC
Rules a showninFigure1.

TALKTO
A“TalkTo”isanoutrightcorr
ectiondonebyanymemberotfhe
TCcommunitytoanothermemberwhoh
asdoneaminorinfraction
butisnotawareofit.Itisafriend
lyreminder/advice aboutan
unacceptablebehaviorandmustbedo
neprivately.Duringa“Talk
To”,theresidentismadeawareofhi
s/hernegativebehaviorandthe
resultsitmayhaveonothersandth
environment.Thefeedback
giventotheresidentwhocommi
tedmistakeisdoneinapositive
way.Thisistoevokeawareness
onthepartoftheviolatorstoavoi
d commi
tingthesamemistakeandbegivenhea
viersanctionsifdone
inthefuture.

PULL-UP
APull-
upisdoneasaresultoflack,missedo
rlapsesin
awarenessinaresident.Allthemem
bersofthecommunityare
responsibletopull-
upminorinfractionsdonebypeersI
.tencourages honestyd,
emeanorawareness andowningupt
one’smistakesT. his
isdonewhentheviolatorisunknownandm
ustbevalidatedfirst
priortobringingupintheMorningMeet
ing.

Pull-upscreateacertaindegree
ofdissonance ontheguilty
partywherebythereisastronginte
rnalconflictwhethertopractice
honestyorcontinuetoliveinalie
.Whentheresidentisableto
overcome the impulse to lie and
start practicing honesty, his
commitmentolivebytheTCstandard
sincreases.
Theresidentreceivingthepull
-upisexpectedtolistenwithout
sayingaword,assumethatitisvali
d,quicklydisplaythecorrected
behaviorandexpress
gratitudeinreceivingit.Aftero
nememberdid thepull-up,othe
residentswhowan
toshowconcerncanmake
elaborationstogiv
emphasistotheinfractionsandcon
cretizethe
admonitionsthatneedtoberelayedt
otheviolator.Twotothree
elaborationsareideal.
Toomanyelaborationsarediscou
ragedastheymaytakeso
muchtime.Focusshouldbegiventot
hebehaviorandno the
person.Itismeanttoraiseawarenes
sandnot topunishor
embarrasstheviolator.Personala
tacks,shamingortheuseof
racistlanguagearestrictlyforb
iddenduringpull-ups.Itshouldbe
emphasizedthatpull-
upsaredoneoutofresponsiblelovea
nd
concerntoavoidcreatingnegative
feelingsduringtheprocess.
Inasituationwhereinn
onestoodandownedupanegative
behavio raisedinthepull-
up,theresidentdoingthePull-
Upwill narrowdownthePull-
Uptomakeitclearandspecific,sta
tingthe
place I.nth
andtimeofthe eventhatnobodystoodto
occurrence
ownitup,theresidentdoingthePull-
Upw insteadaskthe
communitytostandandthere,he/shewil
ldeliverhispull-up
addressing the entire family
believing that the violator is a
responsibilityotfhewholecommu
nity.

ExampleofaPu l-up:

Themoderatorasksforsomeonewhohasa
Pull-up.Amember
raises hishandan declared:“
Whoamongmybrothers/sistersdid
noflt ushthetoileat fterusingiet
arlyinthemorning?”

(Sinu-sinos
atingmgakapatidnanariritoangh
indniagbuhos
ng tubig sa palikuran(kubeta)
pagkatapos gumamit kaninang
umaga?)Afewpeoplestooduptoadmi
thepu up.Theresident
doingthePull-
Upthengiveshis/heradmonition/a
dvicetothe violatorsT.
hemoderatorasksforelaborations.
A membersa
tendingtheMorningMeetingmustra
ise their
handstoshowtheirconcerns.Itisno
tedthataquestionmustbe
askedmentioningthecircumstances
usingthe3Ws(What,Where,
andWhen).Theviolatorsarenotallo
wedtotalko respondbutjust
standf,ace
thecommunityandacceptheadmoniti
onsT.henumber
ofelaborationsdependsuponthenumb
erofPull-Ups.Themore Pull-
Upsbroughtint,heless
elaborations.
s t
1 e Brothers eshouldalways
laborat /sisters beawareof
ion“: w,
ourac oingtothetoileitsaroutineac
tions tivityI.itsamusthawt e
G.
shouldflushiat eshouldalwaysthi
fterusingtokeep nkof
ict leanW.
otherpeoplewhom
ighut seiat
fterus”.
nd
2 elabor Brother hateverourwro
ation“: s/siste ngpractices
rsw,
inthepastareshouldbecorrectedher
e.Weneedtoputourlivesin
orderF.
lushingthetoileitsabasicactionth
ant eedsnoremindersW. e
shouldalwayspracticecleanlinessa
ndgoodhygiene”.
rd
3 elaboration:
“Brothers/sistersthereasonwea
rehereis
becauseosf omewrongdoingsL. eut
sleavealol tfhosebehindusL. et
usbeawareofouractionsandgivecons
iderationt otherpeopleW. e
shouldnotimposeonotherswhat
wedon’twantoexperience
ourselves.Beforeleavingthet
oilet,makesurethatyouhavedo
ne whayt ouar expectedtodoP.
leaseberesponsible.”

DEALTW
ITH
DealtWithisdonewhe
negativebehaviorsorinfraction
stothe House
Rules/Normsaredoneforthesecondt
imeofsameoffense by aresident.

Apanelofthree
(3)composedofasenio
resident,peeranda
friendaretaskedtodeliveraser
iousandsternreprimandtothe
subjectedresident.
Althoughthetooldoes
notstrictlyrequirethepresence
ofa staff,toa
tainitspurpose,thestaffshouldmo
nitoritsconduc to
ensurethathepaneal
ssignedtothetaskreallyactedapp
ropriately.
Itisdoneprivatelyinaroomorana
reawithn otherelse hearing
theconversationF.
igure2showstheDealtWithFormat
ion.

Resident
Subjected
to Dealt
 Peer Senior Friend
Residen

Figure2.
DealtWithFormation

HAIRCUT
Haircutisdonewhennegativebehav
iorsorinfractionstothe House
Rules/Normsinsameoffense
aredoneforthethirdtimeor
moreorforfirs timegraveoffenses
.Itisacarefullyplannedand
structured verbal reprimand given
by a Staff with four other residents-
SeniorResident,Peer,BigBrother,an
dDepartmentHead
(Figure3).Thetoneismoreseriousan
dcanbeloud,moreharsh
andexaggerated.

Thisisdonetoinduceanxietyan
deventuallychangethe
person’sbehavior.Beforethegrou
pcallsintheperson,theywill
discuss amongthemselves
theorderofspeakers,howintense
the haircutw
beandwhatsanctionsw
begivenifany.Theresident
isthencalledinsideandwaitsunt
heisaskedtosit.
Hew
beaskedifheknowsthereasonforh
isappearance.
Aftertheperson’sresponse,hew
beaskedtositandremainsilent
toenablehim/herabsorba
theadvices.
 Thehaircutgives
emphasisonthebehavioroftheresi
dentand
theseverityotfhehaircutshould
beappropriatetothegravityotfh
e
offen achmemberopf
seE. aneilsgivenampletimetoexpress
himself
withoutinterruptionfromtheothe
rmembers.Thestafforpeerwho
bookedthehaircutshouldnotbeparto
tfheteamsoastoavoidbias
orsubjectivity.
BeforearesidentbesubjectedtoHair
cut,his/her
infractionmustbefirstinvestigate
d,discussedanddecidedbythe
DisciplinaryBoard(BookI,Rule2,
Section4oftheBJMPManual).
Sanction/LearningExperience
thathasbeendecideduponbythe
ja
DisciplinaryBoardandtheTCMPstaffw
beimposedafterthe
Haircut.

Resident
Subjected
to Haircut

Senior Dep’t Big

Staf Pee
Residen Head Brothe
 Figure3.
HaircutFormation

LEARNINGEXPERIENCE
ALearningExperience
(LE)isanactionoractivitygivent
oa residentwhowa
subjectedtoHaircutorGeneralMeet
ingwhodid
aninfractiontocorrectormodifya
behavior.LEmaybetask– oriented,
wri tentaskor peer interactions.
SinceTCMPis
educational rather thanpunitivei
n its approach to behavioral
change,theLEshouldbedoneinawaythatw
ouldremindthe
personofthenegativea
titudehehasdonewithoutcompromi
sing
hishumandignity.Theintentofth
eLEisno tostigmatizethe
personbutomotivatehimtomakere
stitutionsforthewrongdoings
hecommi
tedandredeemhimselifnthecommu
nity.
TheLEshouldberelatedtothein
fractioncommi tedforhimto
focusonthebehaviorexpectedofhi
minthecommunity.Itshould
notbegivenasapunishmentbutrathe
ramotivationtodevelop
morepositivea titudeT.hisw
developasense
ofresponsibilityon
himwhilestressinghisinadequaci
es.LEshouldberealisticand
humane.Pu
tingapersononLEformorethanone(
1)weekmay
lessenthelearningobjective.Pu
tingthepersononLEforan
extendedperiodoftimeorsanction
sthatarefarharsherthanthe offense
ormaydenyhimofthebasicnecessit
ies mayborderon abuse
andviolationohf umanrights.

Close
supervisionwithcleargoalsincre
ases th effectiveness
ofthesanction.
UponliftingtheLEafterseven(7d)
ays,theresident
subjectedtothetoowl
beaccorde
dwithaSen
iorResid
entcomin
g
fromhis/herStaticGroupwhow
provideguidance andcontinually
monitorstheperformance
inthehouse oftheformer.Thesenior
residentassignedw giveaself-
reportafterfifteen(15d) aysonhow
theresident(whoundergoneLEc)
arriedouthisresponsibilities
after
theLEandstatethereintheresident’
sconditionwhetherhe/she
needsfurthersupervision.
TheauthorityingivingLElies
inthe
DisciplinaryBoardandTCMPstaff.

ExamplesofLE:
*Ifaresidenthasbeenmissingoutinhis
responsibilities inthe
kitchenh,
ecanbeassignedasinchargeocf
leaningthekitchenfora
specificperiodotfime.
*Ifaresidentrepeatedlyleaves
hisbedindisarray,hecanbeasked
toprovideorientationandsuperv
isiontonewresidentsonhowto
keeptheirbedsneatata times.

CategoriesofLearningExperiences:

a. Task-OrientedLE
PotsandPans
GroundsandLandscaping
CleaningandMaintenance
Timekeeping(wakeupcalls,
ghtsoutcalls)

b. Wri tentasks
CompositionorEssay
ReproductionoTf CMPMaterials

c. PeerInteraction
Readingandreportingotfopic

Announcements(MorningMeetingor
House Meeting)
Bans

BANS
Bans are sanctions to members who
commit repeatedly infractions or
violation to the Cardinal Rules by
prohibiting,
disallowingorlimitinganactivi
tyoraffiliationtoagroup.
 It somehow curtailssomefreedom of
movement and
association.Thi sanctioncauses
unpleasantfeelingswhichpeople
trytoavoidhence
mayevokebehavioralchanges
inthefuture.It
mustbeappliedconsistentlyaftert
headverse behaviortoemphasize
thenegativeconsequencesP.
rivileges
limitedshouldhaveimpactbut
mustnotlimitindividuaal
bilitytomeetpersonahl ygienen,
utritional
andemotionalneeds.Aresidentsubj
ectedtoBansmustbefirst
processedi eetingcalledforthepurpos
naGeneraMl e.

ExamplesofBans:

*Regulationovf
isitingprivilege
*Bannedfrom a tending
Entertainment andRecreational
activities

GENERALMEETING

ArepeatedbreachtotheCardinalRul
esnecessitatesaGeneral
Meeting.Suchissueshouldbediscuss
edwiththecommunityto pointou
totheviolatorthenegativ
effecthebehaviorhadonthe
community.Suchoffense includes
sexualacting-outwithafellow
resident,takingdrugsandengaging
inphysicalfightwithanother
resident.Otherfacilities
includestealingorevensmokingasp
artof
theCar ules.These behaviorspose
dinaR athreatothecommunity
l
because theyviolateth
establishedorderandsafetyotfhefaci
lity.

ProcedureinaGeneralMeeting:

1.
AGeneralMeetingiscalledandledbyas
eniormemberofthe
staff,usuallytheDirectorofthe
facility.Theextentofthe
problemisassessedtodeterminew
hoamongthecommunity
membersareinvolvedintheincident
.Thoseguiltyofthe
 offense
areaskedtositinaprospectchair.Th
isistoarouse
anxietyan dissonance.

2.
The Directorsets the tone ofthe m
eetingandleadsthe
communityinanopenexpressiono
fopinionsandfeelings
regardingtheoffense eholds
broughtoutintothecommun
ityH.
thecommunityaccountableforthe
slipofitsmembersaseach
isconsideredhis“brother’skee
per”.TheDirectoropensthe
floorforfeedbacks,invitingthe
communityforself-reflection
andaccountability.Theformati
onoftheGeneralMeetingis
showninFigure4.

Example:

Director: “Good afternoon family! We

are gathered here this
afternoonbecause
twomembersofourcommunitybadlyn
eedour helpT.
heyengagedinaphysicafil
ghtwhichcausedsomeinjuries in
botho ehavetoaskourselves
fthem howwefailedthemW.hydid
W.
wemiss
thisbrewinghostilitybetweenthe2otf
hem?
Remember,wearetheirkeepersbutw
ele themdownbyallowing
themtoharborthehatredtowardsea
chotherwithoutusnoticingit
ordoingsomethingaboutit.Wela
ckawareness todetecthesubtle
signstha
thisincidentiscoming.Now,our
brothersareinthis
predicamentbecause
wewereremiss inourduties
tocareforthemI.
wantyoutoaccountomewhatledtot
his.
John:“GoodafternoonfamilyI.
’mMarioandGreg’sbigbrotherbu
tI failedtonotice
thatsomethingnegativeisgoingo
nbetweenthem.I
waspreoccupiedwithmyownbusine
ss thatIfailedtotalktoanyof
themthese
pastfewdays.HadItriedtoreachout,Imi
ghthave
learned something and could have
prevented this thing from
happeningfI.eegl uiltyaboutit.
These revelationsareopent
othermembersotfhecommunity.

3. A
soonasthemoodissetandthelev
elofawareness ofthe
communityisraised,theleade
rcallsfortheviolatorstofa
ce
th entirecommunityT.
heleaderencourages
thecommunityto
expresstheirfeelingsabouttheoffens
ecommi tedbythe
violators.

Example:
Peter“:MarioandGreg,Iamveryd
isappointedwithwhatyoudid.
Youweresupposedtobeou
rolemodelsbutwhatyoudidjust
showedushowimmaturethebothof
youinresortingtoviolence as
awayofresolvingyourconflict.
Youhadbeeninthecommunityfor
quitesometimeandweexpectyouto
knowhowtocontrolyour
angeranduse thetoolsotfhehouse
toexpressthemhI. opeyoucan
bemorepatientandtolerantofea
chother.Ireallyfeelbadabout
whathappened.
4.
Aftersomemembersofthecommuni
tyhaveexpressedtheir
feelingsi,tistimeforthevio
latorstoaccountforwhatheydid
,
sharetheirdeepestfeelingsandv
erbalizewha theylearned
fromthemistake.
Example:
Mario:“Goodafternoonfamily!
Iwouldliketoapologizeformy
behavior.Ihadbeenharboringthi
sdisliketowardsGregforquite
sometimeandjIustkeptitomyself
orfearthatotherpeoplemight
judgeme.Itjuststartedasape
tydisagreement.Ididn’thinkth
at
itw developandpileupunt
itcametoaboilingpoint.

Ishouldhavesharedmyfeelingsin
theproperforumsowecould
haveresolveditwithoutresortin
gtoviolence.I’velearnedmyles
son
andIwantoapologizetoGregformy
behavior.Ihopewecanstart
a overagainasfriends.”
Gregw begiventhechance
tomakeastatementaswell.
5.
Afterthe violators madetheirst
atements and offer
commitments,theDirectorw
marktheclosureoftheissue
andallowforprocessingoftheeve
ntstha transpiredand
provideappropriat emotionasl
upportotheviolatorswhohave
justbeensubjectedtointense
emotionael xperience.

Sanctionw
thenbegiventothevi
olators.
Legend:

-Director/Staff
-SubjectedResidents
-Residents

Figure4.GeneralMeetingFor
mations

EXPULSION
Inextremecases,whenaresidenti
sincorrigibleandbecomes athrea
tothecommunity(Instigator,ini
tiatorofja disturbances),
theDirectorwiththerecommendati
onotfheDisciplinaryBoardmay
transferhim/hertothenearestja
facilitywithanappropriateCour
t Order.
 CHAPTE
RIII

PSYCHOLOGICALandEMOTION
ALASPECT

INTRODUCTION
BJMPresidentswhoaredetainedareba
sicallypsychologicallyand
emotionallychallenged.Theyshare
onethingincommon,thatis
beingincarceratedwithuncertaint
iesastotheoutcomeoftheir
individualcases.Theyfeelisolat
ed,helpless anda times hopeless
broughtaboutbyseparationfromthe
irlovedones andsocietyin
generalanda otherissues
thatconfron
themwhileincarcerated.
Suchemotionalturmo
needstobeaddressedtohelpthembounce
backandexperience alifeonf
ormalcydespitetheiruniquesitua
tion. The TCMP
providesactivitiesand services
that cater to this
particularneed.Thistopictackl
es
thediscussiononthetherapeutic
valueofprocessingofeelingswhic
hdoes notonlylieonhowfreely
on expresses thembutmores
ontheperson’sabilitytoidenti
fy, acknowledgea, ndexpress
themappropriately.

INITIALINTERVIEW/INTAKEIN

TERVIEW

INDIVIDUALCOUNSELING/ONET

OONECOUNSELING GROUPS

*StaticGroup

*PeerConfrontationGroup

*Secrets

*EncounterGroup

*ExtendedGroup

SPECIALIZEDGROUPS

*Women’sGroup
*Men’sGroup

*AngerManagement

*LossandBereavement

*MedicationSupportGroup
COUNSELING
Counseling is definedas a
professional activity of helping
individualsg,
roupsorcommunities enhance
orestoretheircapacity
forpsychological,emotionalands
ocialfunctioningandcreatingan
environmentfavorableforthea
tainmentotfhese goals.

PsychosocialSki
lsandCharacteristicsofCounseling
:
*Empathy
istheabilitytoperceivetheclie
nt’sfeelingsandto
demonstrateaccurateperceptionof
theclient.Itismerely“pu ting
oneselfintheclient’
shoes”.Whentheclientfeelsunders
tood,a sense
oftrustor“rapport”isdeveloped
.Rapportpaves thewaytoa
moremeaningfulcommunicationand
mayenabletheclientto
understandandacceptmoreohf
isorhercomplexityofeelings.
*Warmth
isalsocalled“unconditionalposi
tiveregard”.Itinvolves
acceptingandcaringabou theclient
asaperson,regardless ofany
evaluationorprejudices
ontheclient’sbehaviororthought
s.Itis
mostoftenconveyedthroughournon-
verbalbehaviororbodily
gestures.
*Respectisourbeliefintheclie
nt’sabilitytomakeappropriate
decisionsan
dealappropriatelywit
hisorherlifesituation,when
givenasafeandsupportiv
environmentinwhichtodosoI.tis
often
showedbestbynotofferingadviceor
cheapcomfort.Thecounselor
showshisutmostrespectotheclient
bylisteninginsilence and
givinghimtheopportunitytodesi
gnhisownsolutionstothe
problem.Asimilartermforthisi
s“empowerment”asthecounselor
likewise demonstrates
thathevalues
theintegrityotfheclient.
*Congruence
orgenuinenessisbeinghonestandauthen
ticin
dealingwiththeclient.Itissho
wingrealconcernratherthan
focusingontechniques
duringsessions.Itisalsobeinga
wareofthe
counselor’sownunmetneedsandhow
itmayaffecthisrelationship
withtheclient.
*Confidentialitymeansthatanything
discusseduringcounseling
sessionsisheldabsolutelyprivateand
notobediscussedanywhere.
Thiscontractshouldbeheldsacredsoas
tomaintaintheclient’s
trustandenablehimtodisclose
sensitivema terstothecounselor
withoutfearoaf nybreachocf
onfidentiality.

PatternofCounselingSession:
1. Introduction:First10 minutes
Greetheclientwarmly.
Smileandshakehands.
Escortothecounselingroom.

Explainhowthesessionisgoingtob
etoalleviatefears.

Thisisthetimetodeveloprapport.
Assureclientonconfidentiality.
2.Informationgathering: About20
minutes
Knowthereasonforconsultation.
Clientcanstartanywhere.
Counselormaytakenotes.
 Clientneedstodoalmosta
otfhetalking.

Counselormayaskopenquestionsoru
se techniques like
clarifying,rephrasing,focus
ing,reflecting,realitytesting
,
etc.

3.Discussion/CounselorInput:
 Counselortellstheclientw
hathethinkstheclientis
saying.

Counselordevelopsalistocf
oncerns.
Clientwould concurornotto the
counselor’s
understanding.

Prioritizeproblemsandwhichone
toworkonfirst.

Clientwillprovideplansofacti
ontoworkonspecific
problem.
Counselorw
assistinmappingoutplans.

4.Conclusion:

Motivatetheclienthat“
hecandoit”I.nf oth,
emayneed
tobereferredtoaProfess
ional.
Briefclientonwha
toexpecthenextsession(progress
basedonplanoaf ction).
Endsessiononapositivenote.

Clientshouldbeabletolistdownt
hingsthathehasto
lookforwardt 1.
overthenextfewda
ysI.nf o Childrenar
flagforsuicide. ebeingnegl
ectedorabus
ed
WhentobreakConfidenti
ality?
2. Appearance t,hisisared
incourtasawitness
3.
Clientexpressedplanto
commitsuicide
4.
Clientexpressedplanto
harmothers
INITIALINTERVIEW/INTAKEINTER
VIEW

TCMPparticipantsinja
areuniqueastheyarenotnecessarilydrug
users.TCMPisintroducedasaprogra
mforthedevelopmentof inmates
whiletheyareawaitingtrial.Th
eintakeinterviewinthejail
setingisdonebyaCounselortonewl
yadmi tedresidentsT. hemain
purposeistoelicitinformationa
bouttheresidentandprovide
informationabou
theprogramandwha th
expectationsareon
bothparties.Fu
andhonestdisclosureisexpectedon
theresident
toelicitadequateandelaboratei
nformationandcomeupwiththe
propertreatmentplan.

Objectives:
1.
Toelicitinformationandfos
tertrustandconfidence between
theresidentandthepersonneil
 n-chargebyusingtheintake
interviewform.
2.
Toprovidetheresidentswiththenece
ssaryinformation
abouthepro
gram.

Indicators:
1. Establishedrapport
2. Establishedopenness
andcooperation
3. Developedinsight
4.
Expectationsexpressedandinformat
ionprovided
Participants:Newlyc ounselor
ommi tedresidentsC,

Duration: 1hour

Procedure:
1. After the booking procedure,
the Counselor/IWDOwill
conduc
theinitialintakeinterview
tothenewlycommi ted
residentsusingtheintakeinte
rviewform.
Thisisdoneonlyinadesignatedare
andoneresidentatatime.

ONETOONECOUNSELLING/INDIVIDU
ALCOUNSELING
Objectives:

1. Topromoteindividual
explorationsandhelpsurface
complicatedandtroubledfeel
ingsamongtheresidents.
2. To provide a regular sourceof
counseled guidanceto
residents.
3. Toassis theresidentstodevelopbe
tercopingskillsand
improveself-esteem.
4.
Toexplorethedifferentpsychologic
altoolswhichpromote
thedevelopmentofinsightand
increaseself-efficacyamong
theresidents.

Indicators:
1. Self-
understandi
ng
2.
Established
rapport
3. iderleveol sfelf-
Achieveda awareness.
biggerw,
4. Experiencedreliefromemotionadl
istress.
DurationandFrequency:
Onetotwohourspersession/depending
upontheneedsasdesignedbythecounselor
.
Participants: Counselorandresident

Procedure:
1.Individuacl
ounselingisahelpingtoobl
etweentheresidents and
counselor. Residents are
usually referred to the
counselor as needed by peers
or staff based on the
residentsb’ ehavior.
2.Thecounselorusesdifferen
techniquesandmethodsin
counseling.
3.The resident discussesdifferent
issueswhichcauses
his/herdifficulties.

4.Follow-upsessionsw
bedonedependingupontheneeds
otfheresident.
5.The length of the sessions willbe
determined by the
progress otfheresident.
GROUPCOUNSELING

Objectives:

1. Toprovidesuppor
toresidentswhofa
behindandraise awareness
aboutproblematicbehaviors
.
2.
Tohelpsolveandovercometheproblem
.
3. Toimpartoresidentsthepractice
oTf Cnormsandvalues.
 4. Todevelopawareness
andinsightint
one’smotivesf,eelings,
andbehavior.

Indicators:
 1. Encouragecdommitments
2. Problemsaddressed
3. Developedsense obfelongingness

STATICGROUPS
TheStaticGroupisapermanentgro
upofpeersandleadersthat
meetregularlywhiletheresiden
tsareintreatment.Itisasortof
“home”groupwhoprovides
supportforoneanotherandtothene
w
membersofthecommunity.Thisis
designedtoprovideaforumfor
self-
expressionanddisclosure.Itisusu
allyfacilitatedbysenior
membersotfhegroupI.tfocuses
ongrouprelationshipandpa terns
obf ehavior.

Duration/Frequency: onehour /once

aweek
Participants1 ounselor
:0-
15residentsC,

Procedure:
1. Once
aresidententersthejail,he
/sheisassignedtoa
particularStaticgroup.It
servesasapermanentgroup
thataddresses
thegenerailssues
intreatment.

2. Itutilizes
confrontationfrompeerstoev
 okechanges in
behaviorthoughthegroupispr
imarilysupportive.The grou
provides immediatesuppor
tonewmembersofthe community
3.
Eachresidentmemberisencouragedi
nexpressingand
disclosing personal issuesan
d concerns and receives
feedbacksfromtheothermember
s.Violence andthreatof
violence areprohibited.
4.
Foreachsessionthegroupmaydiscuss
anytopicodf esire
ormayfollowcertainthemes
foramoresystematicflowof
discussion.
5. By using confrontation,
identification, support,
affirmation and giving
feedback, residents learn and
practice
theTCnormsandvalues.
6.
Theresidentsareorientedtonewand
positivecoping
styles
whichtheycanutilizetoli
veanewlifestyleand a
tainpersonagl rowthandbe
terelationships.
7.
Whentheiremotionalneedsandprob
lemsareproperly
addressed,theirpositivebehav
iorsanda titudes emerge
andtheyw eventuallyfeebl e
terabouthemselves.
8. Focuses ontheissues
ofthe“hereandnow”.Personal
disclosureofthepastisall
owedifitaffectsthepresent
. Confidentialityi
strictlyobserved.
9. Thestaticgroupdoes
awaywithnegativesocialization
and
 employspositivere-
socialization through a
caring
relationshipwithpeers.

PEERCONFRONTATIONGROUP
Thegrou
participantsinPeerConfrontati
ongroupareselectedby
thestaffandgroupaccordingtopeers
likeadultmembersw go
withthesamedateofentryinthefac
ilityandsamegoeswiththe
middleandyoungmembers.

Itisdoneinamorecompassionatewayw
her eachresiden tryto
helponeanother .
Participantsconfronteachotheron
whatheydo forthemselves
whileinthefacilityandaskhowthey
arecopingwith
it.
Duration/frequency: onehour /twice
amonth
Participants: oordinator
10-15
residentsC,

Procedure:
1. Participantsw
sitinacircleposition.
2.
Staffmaysitjustoutsidethecircleo
rtheremaybenostaff.
3.
Thereisnoparticularorderofspeak
ingI.tisconventional
andfree –wheeling.
4.
Participantsmaystartwithaprayer
.
5.
Participantsmaythensay“Whatdoyo
usayaboutme?Or
Please
givemeafeedbackonmyprogre
ss here“orhowdo yousee
me?
6.
Anyoftheotherparticipantsmaygiv
eanhonest,straight-
forwardfeedbackT.oneandfeel
ingshouldbeproportionate
totheissue.
7.
Peerconfrontationisdoneinacompas
sionatewaywhere
eachresiden
trytohelponeanotherandiden
 tifycertain issues
whichcouldbeahindrance
tohisrecovery.
8. At the end of the sharing, the
resident is asked a
commitmentaboutissuethathefe
elsuncomfortabledealing
with.

SECRETS
Secrets are a group activity where
participants are given the
opportunity to unload emotional
baggage and thus experience
freedomfrominternapl
sychologicacl onflicts.
Itpromotes
trustamongtheparticipantsknowingth
ateachwill
reveahl
isutmostsecretstothegroupI.ta
lsoaimstodeepenmutual
respectamongtheparticipants.

Duration/frequency: 1-

2hours/once amonth

Participants: Staff1,0-

12residents Procedure:

1. Formagroupo1f0-
12residentsp, referablyovf
ariedlydifferent persons.
2.
Eachoneisinstructedtogotoaplacewh
eretheycanbealone
andfree fromdistractions.
3.
Inapieceofpaper,theresident
w writeale tertohimself
aboutaneventinhislifewhic
hehasbeenkeepingasadeep
secretbecauseithascausedalot
ofpain,guilt,shameor
anxiety.
4. Thele teriswri
tenasifheisaddressingi
tosomebodyand
couldstartas“Dearfriend”.
Heshouldnotstatehisnameor
 anynameandplacewhichcouldl
eadthegroupastothe
writer.Hemaywriteitinawaythatw
ouldnotgiveawayany
hintT. hisisdonefor30 minute.
5.
Thegroupthenconvergesandalltherol
ledle terswillbe
placedinabagT.
heresidentsw
beseatedinacircleT.
hefirst
onewillbeaskedtopickupal
e terandreaditaloudto
everyoneasifheisreadinghisown
le ter.Therestw provide
advice,moralsupport,motivati
onorencouragemen tothe
read ocriticismsornegativecommen
erN tsar encouraged.
.
6.
Thefacilitatoradmonishestheparti
cipantstorefrainfrom
curiouslytryingtofin veryoneis
doutheownerotfhele
tersE.
likewise admonished to keep the
discussions strictly
confidential.
 7. Aftera thele
terswereread,thefacilitatorw
doabrief
processingfocusingonthefeel
ingsoftheparticipantsandhow
itaffectedeachoneotfhemT.
hegroupmaychoose toprayasa
closingritual.
8.
Beforethegroupadjourns,thefacili
tatorscollectsthele ters
andburntheminaclaybagorgarbagebi
nasasymbolicritual
olfe thehurtsandpainsandnotallo
tin g wingthemto
oaf
hindertheirfuturegrowth.

ENCOUNTERGROUPS
The Encounter Group servesas a
“safety valve” within the
communitywhichisusuallyhighpre
ssuredandstructured.Itisa
forumformembersofthecommunityt
overballyexpress pent-upor
negativ
emotionswithinastructuredandsaf
environmentwithout
resortingtoviolence
oraggressionandwithoutfearorfep
risalT. here
arestrictbehavioralnormsandrule
s observe duringanencounter
groupsuchasnoviolenceorthreatof
violence,noa tackon
personaldignity,speakonlyforon
eselfandremainseatedatall
times.Thelanguageusedinexpressin
gtheirfeelingsisseldom
restrictedthoughintheFilipinoc
ulture,use o fou languageis
avoidedtopreventharboringofnega
tivefeelingsfromthereceiver.
Theprimarygoalofanencountergrou
pistoraise awareness of
behaviorsandexploretheunderlyi
ngfeelingsthatledtosuch negativ
emotions.
Duration/frequency: 1-
1/2hours/once ortwice aweek
Participants:Counselor2,co-
facilitators8, -10 residents
Procedure:
1.
Aresidentmaydropasliponanot
he residentstatinghis
name,thenameofthepersonheisd
roppingaslipandthe
reasonfordroppingtheslipO.
nlyfeelingsofhurt,angerand
concerncanbereasonsforencoun
ter.

2. Thestaffwillchoosehisco-
facilitatorswhoarealsostaff
members.Once
hehasgathered2or3slips,hemays
chedule anencountergroup.
3. Thefacilitatorw
arrangethegroupinacircleinsuchawa
y
thathetwoparties
involvedareseatedopposit
eachother.

Thefacilitatorshouldbeable
toguidetheflowofconversatio
n
andshouldbeskilledenoughtoi
nterruptanytimehefeelsthat
thesafetyotfhegroupisbeingc
ompromised.
4. Theflowoftheencountershouldpass
throughthefour(4)
phase
s:

a.)
Confrontation:Thisphaseinv
olvesverbalizationof
concernsorhonestdisclosureof
emotionsthathasbeen
provokedduringinterpersonal
interactionswithanother
residentR.
egardless
otfhecatha
rticnature
oef
xpression,
the rulesof the encounter
group should always be
respected.Thefocusshouldalw
aysbeabouthowone
feelsbecause
ofthebehavioroftheother.Th
ereshould neverbeanya
tackonone’spersonabutrathe
ron
his/herbehavior.Eachshould
beallowedtoexpress
himselfbeforearebu
talisallowed.Name-
callingand
otherhostilelanguages
maynotresolvetheproblemand
mayevenheightentheanimosit
ybetweenbothparties.
 This phaseconsist mainlyof
exchange of verbal
expressionsoef
motionsasawayorfelease.

b.)Exploration:Inthisphase
,allthefeelingsthatwere
expressedarefurtherexamined
andexploredandfind
outhowitcouldhaveresulted
insuchwayinorderto
evokeawareness
ontheconnectionofbehavior,
feelings anda titude.

Inthisphase,blamingorfin
gerpointingatonepartyis
avoidedI.tw
onlycauseresentmentformo
neparty.

Thisphase hopes toenhance

theinsightofbothparties
and encourageownership ofone
’s mistakeandtake
accountabilityforhis/hera
ctions.Itgivesbothparties
theopportunitytoexamineth
emselves
inrelationtotheir
conflictwiththeotherparty
.

c.)ResolutionandCommitment:
Aftersomerealizations anda
tainingsomeinsightsintothei
rbehaviors,the
residentsarenowreadytomovetot
helastphaseto
practice
newbehaviors.Fromthefeedbac
ksreceived,the
residentinvolvedw
nowexpress
howhefeelsabouthe
wholethingandmayownuphisbe
haviorwhichhas
causedtheconflict.
Hethen goeson tomake
commitmentstoavoidsuchoccu
rrenceinthefuture.
Suchcommitment made by the
residents willbe
monitoredtomakesurethatthe
yarebeingputto practice
toavoidlapses.
 d.) Socialization:
Thisisastructuredsocialevent
wherea those
involvedinanencounterw
haveample timetomendfences
withthose
theyhaveoffendedor
hurtinthepast.Thepurposeis
toachieveclosure,
reaffirmrelationship and
maintain the unity of the
communitysothata those
involvedcanmoveonand
leavethepastbehind.

EXTENDEDGROUP
TheExtendedGroups(Probe,Marathon)ar
eusuallycomposedof5-
12residentsandisbeingfacilit
atedby2highlytrainedstaff
members.

Itmaylastfor8-72
hours.Theparticipantsmusthavea
tleast4
monthsintheprogramandhaveshown
adequatestabilitybeforehe
canbeincludedintheactivityI.
tisapotentiallyintimateandin
tense
sessionwhichneedsasignificantamo
untofpreparation.Itfocuses
onthe“hereandnow”butallowsadee
perexplorationofissues that
affectsnewbehavior.Specialsubje
ctsmaybethefocussuchas
sexualityt,raumae, tc.
SPECIALIZEDGROUPS

Objectives:
1.
Toprovidegroupsupportwitht
heaimofresolvingproblems
andrestoringhealthyfunctio
ningoftheresidentswhohas
particularconcerns/issues.
2.
Tocreateafeelingofuniversalitya
mongresidentswhohave
similarissues orlif
experiences.
3. Toexploreissues
basedoncertainthemes asaguide.
 4.
Toprovideasafeenvironmentwherere
sidentscanfreely
express
theirfeelingsandconcerns.

Indicators:
1. Enhancedcopingskills
2. Release oifnnerfeelings

LOSSANDBEREAVEMEN
T
Duration/frequency:
onehouronce aweek
Participants:10 –
15residents

Procedure:

1.
Facilitatorisknowledgeable
inconductingthesessionsand
managingthetime.
2.
Thegroupisverysupportiveandcompa
ssionate.
3. Facilitatordiscusses
theprocess
ofgrievingandtheimpact
oflosses,madfeeling,a
titudes
andbehaviorderivedfrom
theloss oaflovedone.
4. Counselorgives
somesuggestionsonhowtheywouldhan
dle
 thesituationappropriatelywh
entherewasanothersimilar
situation.

5.
Athelastsessions,eachparti
cipantwasrequiredtowritea
le
tertosomeoneorabuddytote
abouthepastandwhat theyw
dointhefutureregardinglos
ses.

WOMEN’SGROUP
Duration/frequency: onehouronce
aweek/mightlastforsix
sessions
Participants: ounselor
8-15residentsC,

Proced
ure:
1. Heldonce
aweekandrunbyTCpersonnel.Itpro
vides an opportunityfora
femaleresidentstosharean discuss
their
feelingsonwomen’sissues:famil
y,relationship,self-
identity, self-images,
ocietarloleandreproductiveiss
ues.
2.
Issuestobetackledaregenderspecificp
roblemsandaimsto
helpfemaleresidentsidentifythe
irchallenges andneeds.
3. Residentsarehelped toexploreand
understand the
relationshipbetweenwomen’siss
uesandtheirinfluences on
themI.tenhances self-
understandingamongwomen.
4.
Theycanalsohelpeachotherthroughmut
ualsupportand
concern.

MEN’SGR
OUP

Duration/frequency:

1houronce aweek
Participants:8-15

residentsc, ounselor

Procedure:

1. Topics includ
expressionofeeling,revealoft
ruesel dealing
withfeelingandhowtoavoidabu
siverelationship,family
confl xualityandsexuarlelations
icts hips.
s
 2.
Groupsessionsenabledeachofthemtoid
entify,express the
feelingrelatedtothetraumaan
dlessonslearnedfromthose
experiences.
3. Thecounselorwhoraisedtheissuew
betheonetoconduct
it.

MEDICATIONSUPPORTGROUP
Duration/frequency:
aslongastheresidentsareonmedica
tion ParticipantsR:
esidentsonmedicationsandJa
healthpersonnel

Procedure:

1. Counselorholdsthegrouponce
aweekwhoareonmedicaal nd
psychiatricmedication.
2. Groupmembersar
educatedondifferentkindsomfedicaal
nd
psychiatricproblemsanditseffects
.
3. edicines andit sid
Sharingonth effectsotfaking
eintakeomf
it.
4. Cohesiveness isenhanced.
5. Sharean discusshowtoface
theirdifficultiesc, opingwiththe
diseaseandproblemsencounteredw
hiletheyareon medications.
ANGERMANAGEMENT

Duration/ frequency: 1 ½ hour

for 6 weeks/as needed/curriculum-
based
Participants 1:0-15 residents

Procedure:
 1. Facilitatedbyacounselor.

2. Questionnaires
areprovidedtotheresidentstoa
nswerhow they
demonstratedtheir anger
before they came for
treatmentandwhileinthefacil
ityandhowtheygothrough
it.
3.
Participantsareselectedbasedonin
terviewanda titude
showedwhileintreatment.
4.
Thegroupisanavenuefortheresident
stoknowtheiranger
feelingsandacquirenewknowle
dgeandinformationonhow to
deal with their feelings on
different situation and
personalities.

PRE-
RELEASEINTERV
IEW

Objectives:
1.
Toensurethattheresidenttobe
releasedis/arewell-
preparedtoface
newchallenges
inthecommunityupontheir
reintegrationintothemains
treamosf ociety.
 2. Toassess
thevariouspotentialsotfhereside
ntwhic hecan
utilizetobeaproductiveci
tizenuponhisrelease
fromthe jail.
3. Toassess th effectiveness
oftheinterventionsprovidedand
determinewhatimprovementsor
changes thatneedtobe done.

Indicators:
 1. Residents prepared for their
reintegration into the
mainstreamo
sf ociety.
2. Changes inbehaviornoted
3. Recommendationsprovided
4. Concretegoalsestablished

Participants:
Resident/stobereleasedfromjail
,IWDO,Admin andOD
Duration: 1hour

Procedure:

1. IWDOshould coordinate with

the Paralegal Officer to
monitorthestatusotfhecaseot
fheresidents.
2.
Ifpossible,immediatememberofthe
familyis/arepresent
beforetheresidentsw
bereleasedfromjail.
3. Doapre-
releaseinterviewtoconductanassess
mentofthe
resident’spotentialsandma
poutplansafterhisrelease
from jail.
4.
IWDshouldcoordinatewithservicep
rovidersforhis/her
referrafloraftercare.
 CHAPTE
RIV

INTELLECTUALANDSPIRITUAL
COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION

Canspiritualityandintell
ectgotogether?I
spiritualityand
intelligence
atoddswitheachother?

Intelligenceandspiritualityul
timatelyfollowthesamepath.By
embracingintellectoitsfulleste
xtento, new eventuallyarriveata
sense
ofspirituality.Ouractionsareg
overnedbyintelligence;we
achievethebestresultswhenwemake
themostintelligentdecisions.
Butifwegohome,meditate,andbeginask
ingquestionslike,"What
isthep ylife?"wehavetoloadupadiffe
urpose rentsetorf ules.
omf
Nowwe'vesupposedlylef
theterritoryoftheintellectan
dentered
thespiritualrealm.Wetrytoint
eractintelligentlywithourout
er
worldandspirituallywithouri
nnerworld.
Hence,astheBJMPaimstoinstitutio
nalizeTherapeuticCommunity
Modality program in alljails
nationwide, the Intellectual and
SpiritualComponenthopes toenhance
thespiritualandintellectual
dimensionsoftheresidentsbyprov
idingopportunities forthemto
developself-
worthandproductivity.

SpiritualityinTC
Spiritualityisanyactionoracti
vitythatreflectsorbringsou the
goodness
inaman.SpiritualityinTCMPisd
esignedtorespondto
theinnerlongingofresidentstofi
ndgreaterfaithwheretheycan
anchorthemselveswithintheirstr
uggletofindmeaningtotheir
existence.

Itsummarizes
aman’srelationshipwithhimsel
othersandthe SupremeBeingT.
hespirituacl omponentprovides
theresidentswith activities
thatwouldhelpthemexplorethemean
ingandpurpose of theirexistence
andtheirparticularplace
intheworld.

Inte lectualComponent
Theintellectualcomponentontheo
therhandrespondstothe
naturalhumancharacteristics
ofyearningforknowledgeinorder
to a tainahigherleveol uf
nderstanding.
Awell-structuredandwell-
implementedIntellectualComponen
tisa
factorinestablishingaTherapeuti
cCommunityfortheresidents.It
helpstheresidentsrestoretheirsel
f-esteemastheirmindsbecome
opentoideasandtheirintellectdoes
notcease tofeedonafree and
openinterchangeoof pinions.
Providing worthwhile
opportunitiesfor learning/
education will
facilitateregainingtheirhumanq
ualityandself-respectthereby
makingself-realization-
thatbeinglaw-
abidingandproductiveb, oth
duringtheirstayinthefacilityan
dtheireventualrelease inthe
society’smainstream isthereal
essenceandmeasureof
development.

SPIRITUALCOMPONENT

*TCPhilosophy

*TCUnwrittenPhilosophies

*Theme/ConceptoftheDay

*Meditation

*ReligiousActivities

Objectives:
1. Toenhance ell-
personaal beingorfeside
ndspirituawl nts
2. To appreciate the value of the
Wordof Godin
 relationt
ourlifeandasnourishmentothse
oul
3.
Togiveopportunityforthereside
ntstoexperience special
encounterandhealingfromGod
4. To remind the residents for the
need for constant
connectionwithGodintheirliv
es

Indicators:
1.
Activeparticipationorfe
sidentsinspirituaal
ctivities
 2.
PositiveperceptiononTCimplementa
tion
3. od’spresence
Deeperaware intheresidents’ fe
ness oGf
4. TCPhilosophy/TCUnwri
tenPhilosophies (sloganss, ayings,
adagesv)
isiblypostedinthefacility
5. Regularconductovf ariou spiritu
alctivities

INTELLECTUALCOMPONENT

*Seminars

*EducationalActivities(ALS)

*Debates

*DataSessions/lectures

*SaturdayNightActivities

*Games(GrabBag,Islands,Charade,P
inoyHenyo)

*Mindgames

Objectives:
1. Toactualizetheintellectuasl
killsotfheresidents
2.
Toteachtheresidentshowtothinkan
delayimpulses
3.
Toguidetheresidentsontherightway
otfhinkingandhow
itaffectshisfeelingsandbehavior
Indicators:
1.
Residentsexhibitincreasedawareness
andpositivebehaviour
2. Eliminationorfacialc,
ulturaal ndgenderbiases a seenin
dealings
3.
Changedperceptionamongresidentsone
nhancementof
knowledge/education
4.
Prideinqualitya,cultureamongresi
dents
5.
Increasednumberorfesidentsenrolle
dinALSandA&E
passers

Procedure:

1.Selecta topic related to

expertise ofthe
speaker/lecturerbeneficiatlother
esidents.
2S. cheduletheactivity.
3P. reparationPhase
4S. eminarProper
THETCPHILOSOPHY

TheTCPhilosophyisreciteddaily
duringtheMorningMeeting.It
embodiesa thechallenges
andaspirationsofmostresidentsw
ho
feelalienatedandthedesiret
overcometheimposedlimitationson
theirfreedomandfindtheirownplac
e wheretheycouldfeesl afeand
welcome.Itacknowledges
theimportance o
fellowshipinshaping
one’sbehaviorandmotivatingone
’sfortitudeofhelpinghimselfa
nd others.Itlikewise serves
ashisanchorintimes
ofemotionatlurmoil
whichhecanalwaysgobacktoandrefl
ect.Itformsemotional
bindingamongtheparticipantskn
owingtha theyaregroundedon
thesamephilosophy.

1.
Surrend
er

“Iamherebecausethereisnorefuge,fina
lyfrommyself”

IamwhereIamrightnowbecause
Iadmi thatsomethingwent
wrongwithmylifethathI
avenocontrool veraI.
dmithatnI eedthe
helpofaHigherPowerandofothe
rstobringpositivechangeinm
y
li
fe
.
 2. Self-
disclosur
e

“UntilIconfrontmyselfinth
eyesandheartsofothers,Iam
running.UntilIsufferthemtosharemyse
crets,Ihavenosafety
fromthem.Afraidtobeknown,Ica
neitherknowmyselforany
other;Iwi lbealone.”

InowknowthatunlessIcomeoutintheopenan
dadmitmy
mistakes,Iw
foreverberunningfromthem.In
eedtodisclose my
deepestsecretstomypeerssothat
Icanfindtherightwaysof
dealingwiththem.
Byopeningmyseluf befreefrom
pforotherstosee
throughmewI,
myowndemonsandletothersguideandhelpme
thoughmy
orde obodycanh lIethemknowmywoes
alsN elpmeunle andlet
. ss
themunderstandthatlikethemaI,
lsoneedhelp.

3.
Reflecti
on
“Where else but in our common grounds can
I find sucha
mirror?”

Thereisnobe terplace
todisclose
myfeelingsthaninaplace fu
of
peoplewithsimilarexperiencesw
hereIfeelsafeandfreefrom
prejudices.Peopleareherefordif
ferentreasonsbutwithacommon
problem.Itiseasytoidentifyw
ithsomebodywhoisgoingthrough
thesam experi
ence asme.

4. Self-realization

“Heretogether,Icanappearclearlytom
yself,notasthegiant
ofmydreamsno
thedwarfofmyfears,butasaperson,par
tof
thewholewithmyshareinitspurpose”

WhenIstar tounderstandmyselfbe
ter,Ibegantorealizehowall
mynegativebehaviorsca ithsomething
metobeI.tiseasiertod
eawl
whenweunderst lear notolookatmyselaf
anditsrootsw stoo
I.
bigortoosma tohandlea
myworries.Iw learnthatIw
deal
withthemasapersonamongothersw
hoareunitedtogethertohelp
eachotherbyrelatingoursimil
ara titudes andbehaviors.

5.
Growt
h
“Inthisground,Icantakerootandgrow”

Irealizetha
thisenvironmentcanhelpmeovercomemymi
stakes
andstartanewlife.Icananchor
myselfinthiscommunitytofos
ter permanentchange.

6.
Self-
worth

“Notaloneanymoreasindeath,butalive
tomyselfandto
others”

bI egintobelieveinmyabilityt
overcomea mychallenges andgive
outa mybestformyselaf
ndothersaI.
lsobelieveinmyabilitytobe
ohf elpt
otherswhoareinsimilarsitu
ation.
TCUNWRITTENPHILOSOPHIES
Theunwri
tenphilosophyofTCconsistsofslo
gansoraphorisms
thatareverballygiventotheresid
entstoimpar thebeliefsand
values
ofTCinrelationtotheirdaytoday
living.These sayingsare
usedtoremindtheresidentsastowha
tareconsideredimportanto them.

1. “Honesty”
Alotofresidentscontinuetoli
veinaliewithouthefearofits
consequences.Thisvirtuepoint
sou theimportance oftruth
anditsrelevance torecovery.

2.
“Responsibleloveandconcern”
Theresidentswilllearnhowtogi
veandacceptcriticisms
without resentment. Bonded by tru
st and confidence, the
residentsknowthatmistakes
needtobecorrectediftheaimi
s
tobringtheothertowardsbeha
vioracl hange.
3. “Tobeawareistobealive”
Residentslearntobeconsciousof
whatisgoingoninthe
environment.InTC,minora
titudes ar engrossedtoprevent
majora titudinapl
roblemstoarise.
4. “Trustinyourenvironment”
Therew
benochangeifthereisnohonestyan
disclosure.
Beforedoingso,trustmustbeest
ablished.Oneshouldbelieve
tha
theprogramcanhelphim.Indoin
gso,hew learnto
accep
theprogramanduseitstoolstoe
vokechangesin himself.

5.
“Becarefulwhatyouaskfor,y
oumightjustgetit”
Manbynatureisambitious.Wene
vergetcontentedwithwhat
wehave.Wewantmore,evenifhav
ingsowouldleadusto
commitmistakes.Weshouldlear
ntoappreciatewhatwehave
anduseitobe terourselves.

6. “Nofreelunch”
Inreality,nothingreallycomes
easy.Ifweaimforsomething,
wehavetoworkforit.Thereis
noprideinge tingsomething
th easyway.Itishardtoletg
ofsomethingthatwelabored
forC. hangew notcomeiwf
ew twaitfo ritohappenW. e
jus
havetomakeithappen.

7. “Youcan’tkeepitunless
yougiveitaway”
Knowledgeorlearningisbe
terappreciatedifsharedwith
others.Somethingbecomesvaluab
leifusedtohelpothers
makepositivechanges
intheirlives.Helpingothersh
elpusin
theprocess aswestartofeegl
oodaboutourselves.

8. “Whatgoesaroundcomesaround”
 “Whateveryoudount othersw
bedoneuntoyou”.Anygood
deedw berewardedwhilev deedsw
bepunishedinthe
en eshouldalwaysbemindfulofoura
dW ctionsastheyare
.
theparametersohf owwew
bejudgedinth end.

9. “Actasif”
LearningandacceptingtheTCpro
gramisnoteasy.Most
residentsfeelresistan
towardsit.Thisphilosophyteac
hes the
residentstogowiththeflowasa
wayofcompliance.Inthe
processt,heyw
learntoembrace
itandthebehaviorw soon
becomenatural.

10.“Understandratherthanbeunderst
ood”
Iti sometimes
commonforustobeselfishW.
efindithardto
admitourmistakeshencewetendto
blameeverybodybut
ourselves.Weexpecteveryonearou
ndustounderstandour
wrongdoingsbutweseldommakeane
fforttounderstand
others.Understandingothersisa
virtuebecause itspeaksof
humilityandpatience.Ifwetake
thefirststeptoknowwhere
othersarecomingfrom,therewou
ldbelesserconflictsin
relationships.
11.“Personalgrowthbeforeve
stedstatus”
Sometimes,webecomesowrappedup
inourownstatusor
positionsinlifethatwetendto
forge todeveloprelationships
withthepeoplearoundus.Weshou
ldcultivateourpersonal
abilities
beforewescaletheladdertosuccess.
12.“Compensationisvalid”
Arewardforworkinghardiswe
deserved.Wegetwhatweput
into.

13.“Forgiveness”
Toacceptwhathasbeendone,moveo
nandgetoverthehurt
andangergives
usafeelingofinnerpeace
andhappiness.
Failuretogetoverthepainsw
pinusdownandstuntour
progress.

14.“Humility”
Tohumbleone’selfbeforeoth
ersisalaudablevirtue.Weare
oftenenvelopedbypridethat
itisdifficultforustolower
ourselves ydoing
andadmitourinadequacies
andlimitationsB.
so,wedevelopafairinsighta
boutourselves
thusgivingusthe
challengetoimproveourselve
s.

15.“Youalonecandoit,butyouc
an’tdoitalone”
Oftentimes,wefeelinvinciblea
ndindispensableknowingthat
certaintaskscanonlybeaccomplis
hedbyus.Wedon’trealize
thatwehavecertainlimitatio
nsthatwithouthehelpoof
thers, theburdenw
betoogreatforus.Weshouldlea
rntoreach
outforhelpandadmitourweakne
sses.
16.“Prideinquality”
Timeflies
sofasthatwetendtohurryineveryth
ingwedoW. e
lose
ourfocusanddothingshaphazar
dlyjustforthesakeof
completion.Weshouldalway
seekforqualityinourwork.Th
e
productofourlaborspeaksofou
ra titudetowardslifein
general.
17.“Feelingsdon’ think”
Weusuallyreactimpulsivelyt
othingsaroundusbecause of
ourfeelings.Beforewecanevent
hink,anactionhasalready
beendone.Everythingstartsin
themind.Ifwethinkbeforewe
act,chancesare,wewillbehave
withcontemptaswehave
analyzedtheprocess
beforetheaction.

18.“Guiltki ls”
Oneoftheunderlyingreasonsfo
rdepressionisguilt.Itisa
feelingofshameandself-
blame.Ifaguiltfeelingremai
ns
unresolved,itcanbeturnedinwa
rds,thusresultingtoself-
inflictedharm.

19.“Hangtough”
Sometimes,wefeetl hathereisnoendt
ourmiseries andwe
feelhelpless
andhopeless.Noma
terhowdimlifeseemstobe,
thereisalwayshope.Ineverypr
oblemisasolution.Every
problemisalearningexperience
thatwouldmakeustougherin
dealingwithlife’schallenges.

20.“Youareyourbrother’skee
per”
InTC,eachoneisresponsiblefor
theothermembersofthe
community.Thefailureofoneis
thefailureofall.Thisgives
all theresidentsasense
 ofresponsibilityinshepherdin
gothers.
Thesuccessoftheprogramisar
eflectionofhowonecares for
theother.

THEME/CONCEPTOFTHEDAY
Itreferstoawordorsayingthatwillse
rveasaguideforthe
community to ponder upon in
relation to their day to day
interactionsandbehaviors.Itise
laboratedduringtheMorning
Meetingbysomemembersofthecommu
nitytoemphasizeits relevance
andhowitcanstimulatetheresiden
tst’ houghtsandhelp
themchangetheirbehaviorintoso
methingpositive.Itcanalsobe
takenfromtheUnwri
tenPhilosophies.

MEDITATION:DISCOVERINGYOURIN
NERSANCTUARY
Thevisualizationmeditationisus
edtohelpanindividuaelstablisha
practiceof moving his a tention
within, finding his place of
relaxationandpeaceby contacting
his inner wisdom. This experience
isuniqueforeveryonesomuchsothat
one’sexperience
maybedifferentfromtheothers.Som
emayexperiencevisual
imagerywhiletheothersmaynot.Wh
atisimportantistodoi the
mosteasyandnaturalwayinordertoa
tainthegoalandhavethe
opportunitytorelaxandenjoythep
rocessA. ftertheactivitya, skthe
participantshowtheyfeelandwhat
havetheylearnedfromthe
experience.
Duration/frequency: 1-

2hours/once amonth

Participants:

ResidentsF, acilitator

Procedure:
Afacilitatorispresentogivetheinst
ructiontotheparticipantsS. oft
backgroundormeditationmusi
canbeused.Theinstructiongoes
thisway:
“Angehersisyongitoaymagsisimul
a sa pamamagitan ng
paghahanapngposisyo
nakomportablesaiyoP.wedengnakaup
o onakahigaK.
apagnakaupo,siguraduhingnakalapa
tanglikodsa
upuan,nakalapatangdalawangpaasasa
higatangmgakamayat
braso ay naka-relaks. Kung
nakahiga,humiga ng ang likod ay
nakalapatsasahigatangkatawanayna
ka-relaks.”
“Kapagikawaykomportablena,ipiki
tangmgamat atdamhinang nararamdaman
ng katawan. Kapag nakaramdam ng
tensiyon, huminga ng malalim at
isiping dahan-dahang nawawala ang
tensiyo
ngkatawanatitoaytuluyangnagiging
relaks.”

“Un
ayisipinangmgadaliringpa
atmgapaa.Isipi n angmga
itoaydahan-
dahangnagigingrelaks”
‘Susunodayangiyon ahan-dahangagayang
gmgabintai
tuhodD.
mgaitosaposisiyo
ngnakapahinga”

“Dumakonamansabalakangatpuson.Isip
i n angmgapartingito
ngkatawanaytuluyangnagigingrela
ks.Humingangmalalaimpara
tuluyangma-
relaksangmababangbahagni
gkatawan.”

“Dumakonamansatiyanatmgabahag
si aloobnito.Isipingangmga
itoaydahan-
dahanglumalambotatnagpapahing
a.”

“Isipinangmgapartengdibdib,l
ikod,balikat,braso,kamayat
mgadaliri.Ilagayangmgaitosapo
sisyongnakapahinga.”
“Dumakonamansaleeg,ulo,mata,talukap
,teng atpanga.I-relaks
angmgaito.Humingangmalalimatda
han-dahangilabasang
hanginkasamangpaglabasnglahatngt
ensiyonsamgapartingito.
Damhinangenerhiyangpumapasoksaka
tawanatnaglalabasng
lahatngnatitirangtensiyon.”
“Habanghumihingangmalalimi,-
relaksangisipnaparabangitoay
bahagingkatawan.Iwaksianganuman
gisipinhanggangsaang
iyongutakatisipaynagigingtahim
ikatwalangbumabagabag.”

“Habanghumihingangmalalim,dalh
inangkamulatansaisang
napakalalimnalugarsasarili.”
“Isipin na ikaw ay naglalakad sa
isang napakagandang
kapaligiran.Maaring ito ay
nakikita sa iyong isip o pwedeng
magkunwarinaikawaynasaisanglugar
nakatuladnito.Habang
naglalakadsakapaligiran,nakikit
amoangkagandahannitoat
nararamdamanmonalalongnagigingre
laksangpakiramdam.
“Isipinnaangnapakagandanglugarna
itoayiyongnakikitaat
nararamdaman.Napaka-espesyal ng
lugar na ito para sa iyo.
Maaaringitoaymaymgapuno,naggagand
ahangbulaklak,ilog,
dagatatbukid.Angnapakagandaa
tahimiknalugarnaitoay
malapitsaiyongpusoatitoayangiyo
ngsariling“innersanctuary”
nawalangpwedengmakaratingkunghin
dikawlang.”
“Damhinmoangsimoynghanginsaiy
ong“innersanctuary”
Nararamdamanmob
angsikatngarawathangin?
Naririnigmoba
anghuningmgaibonatinsekto?
Naririningmob anghampasng
alonsadagat?
Damhinmoangparasaiyoaynakapagbi
bigay kasiyahansaiyo.”

“Tingnanmoangpaligidsaiyong“in
nersanctuary”athanapinang isang
lugar na makapagbibigay sa iyo ng
magandang
pahingahan.Gamitinitonalugarparaik
awayumupoomahiga
kungkinakailangan.

Damhinangkapanataganngloobhaban
gikawaynasa“inner
sanctuary”mo.Isipingikawaytul
adngisangsponghanasinisipsip
anglahatngkabutihansapaligid.”
“Ngayon,dalhinangkamulatansaisa
ngnapakalalima tahimikna
bahagingiyongsar
hanggatmatagpuanmoangiyonglugarn
a
tigibngkatahimikanatkapayapaan.
Dito,ikawayligta salahatng
problema at anumang dalahin sa
buhay. Hayaan ang sariling
damhinangkapayapaankungsaanwalan
gkailangangawinkundi
anghayaanangsar
namaranasanngbuoangkapayapaanat
kapanataga ngkalooban.”

“Saiyonglubosnakapayapaan,mahaha
napmoangiyongsariling
kaalamannamakapagtuturosaiyongi
yongmgapangangailangan
atnagbibigayngtaman
gabaysapagtahaksabuhay.Kahithindmi
o
itonararamdamanohindikanainiwa
ladito,hayaangmaniwalao
isipingnaniniwalasapresensyani
to.Maniwalamanohindi,itoay
naririyansakaloobanmo.”
“Kungmaymgatanongkasaiyong“gaba
y”,magtanongka.Maging
tahimikatpakiramdamanangsagot.Ma
aaringmarinigito,Makita
bilangimaheormaramdaman.Sapapaano
mangparaan,maging
bukasathayaanitongpumasoksaiyong
kamulatan.Maaariding
hind itomaramdaman.Maar
itongdumatingsamgasusunodna
panahonT.
anggapinanganumangkaranasan.

“Kungmaykaragdagangtanongsaiyong
“gabay”t,ungkosl apag-ibig,
problemaoanumangnangangailangann
gsagot,magtanongatang
pintoaymagbubukasupangmalamanmoangsa
got.Maaringang
mgasagotaykakaibasainaasahansubalit
itoaydarating…”

SEMINARS
SeminarsareactivitiesinTCthatpr
ovideintellectualstimulation
andseekpersonalinvolvementamongt
heresidents.Itisawayof
providinginformation,improvin
gtheresident’ speakingandwriting
abilities
andenhancingtheirlisteningabili
tysoastounderstandall
theinformationbeingpresented.

Duration/Frequency:1-

2hours/once aweek

Participants:Residents

F, acilitator

TypesofSeminars:
1. Discussion-
openformatandallowforgrou
participation
2. DataSessions–
givenspecificinformationandgames
3. Games-mind-expandingactivities
toelici thought,creativity,
 andimagination
4. Seminarseries onvariedtopics

THEDEBATE
Thedebateisintroducedtoprovidethere
sidentstheopportunityto
learnhowtoreasonablyandpu
togetherargumentsinalogical
mannerT. hisisalsoanexercise
onhowtolistenandformulateide
as
an
demonstrateabroaderunderstandin
gofcertainissues.Itgives
theparticipantscertaininsights
onother’sopinionswhichmaybe
oppositetotheirown.

Duration/Frequency:1-

2hours/once amonth

Participants: 20-30

residentsf,acilitator

Procedure:

1.
Dividethegroupintotwo,accor
dingtogenderordepending
uponthetopicfordebate.

2.
Assignagroupfor“pro”andtheotheras
“con”
3. Choose
thefirstspeakerforeachgroup.Eachgro
upisgiven5
minutes
togathertheirthoughtsonthe
 issue.Eachspeakeris
given2minutes.
4. The“pro”groupisfirs
togivetheiropinionontheissuefor2
minutesA.rebu taflor2minutes
isallo tedforthe“con”group.
5. Th
exchangeofopinionsisallowedforaf
ewminutes more.
Once
themajorityhasspoken,thefac
ilitatorw switchthe
standsomuchsothe“pro”w
nowbecomethe“con”andvice
versa.
6.
Aftertheactivity,thefacilitator
w process howthegroupfelt
whentheyhavetodefendanissuew
hichiscontrarytotheir
beliefsandiftheycouldsee
thereasonableness
oftheother’s
arguments?
Whathavetheylearnedfromtheactiv
ity?
GAMES:THE“GRAB BAG”
The“GrabBag”isaformofseminarwh
ichenhances theresidents’
abilitytocommunicate,analyzeid
easanddevelopinsightsabout
themselveswiththeuseoifdentifica
tionwithinanimateobjects.

Procedure:

1. Dividethegroupintosma
groupsof10 memberswithone
facilitatorpergroup.
2. Eachfacilitatorw
haveaplasticbag/containerwithdiff
erent
itemsinside
3. Withoutpeeping,eachresidentw
graboneiteminsidethe
bag.He/shew begiven3-
5minutes tote somethingabout
theitem,describingitasifhe
/sheweretheobject,whatitis
madeoaf nditsuse.
4. Eachresiden takes turnunt
everyonememberofthegroup
haspickedanitemandspoke.

5. Thefacilitatorw process
theactivityandaskthegrouph
ow theyfeeal
boutheactivityandwhatinsig
htstheyhavegained.

SATURDAYNIGHTACTIVITIES
ThisactivityisheldeverySatur
dayasarecreationael
ventpurposely toinst
fun,humorandentertainmentafte
ranintense andhectic
week.Thisgives
theresidentsthechance
toletloose andsocialize.
Eachstaticgroupisassignedaspec
ifictaskorpresentationto
developtalentsamongtheresident
s.
SUGGESTEDACTIVITIES:
Types of Seminar Duration/ Target Responsible
frequency Persons Persons

Seminars: suggested topics:

SP, Residents,
Spirituality IWD Officer
1-2 Residents
1. Seminar on Morning
hours/once a
Meeting
week
2. Seminar on Written and
Residents
Unwritten TC
Philosophies
3. Other seminar related to
Spirituality such as 15 min. Residents
meditation, recollections

Daily Prayers SP, IWD

officer,
Bible Study/ Qur’an Study residents
1-2
Fellowship/Prayer Meeting
hours/once a Residents
Daily Devotion week Residents

(Rosary, Angelus, 3 o’clock

prayer, Divine Mercy and other 1-2 hours Residents
devotions from Religious
Affiliations. Chaplain, IWD
Sacramental Celebrations officer,
c/o Chaplain or other Residents
requested priests 1-2
hours/once a Residents
Fellowship/Prayer Meeting week SP, IWD
officer,
residents
1-2 Residents
Orientation Seminars
hours/once a SP, IWD
1. Jail Rules and week officer,
Regulations 1-2 residents
2. Programs and Facility hours/once a Residents
Guidelines week
3. House Structure
4. Meetings
5. Job functions

SP, IWD,
Personal Development
residents
1. Personal Effectiveness
 Seminar
2. Active Listening Hearts
Seminar 1-2 Residents
3. Stress Management hours/once a
4. Grieving Process
week
5. Domestic Violence and
Abuse
6. Sexual Harassment
7. Anger Management

Social Survival

1. Family life and Parenting

2. Human Rights SP, IWD,
residents

Health Awareness
1. Smoking Cessation 1-2 Residents
2. Drug Abuse and Addiction hours/week SP, IWD,
3. CommonDiseases residents
Prevention
4. Reproductive Health
1-2
5. Health and Sanitation
6. Prevention of hours/week Residents
Communicable Diseases
7. Disaster Preparedness
8. Waste Management
9. STD/HIV/AIDS

SP, IWD,
Games and Group Activities residents
1. Art Feelings Workshop
2. Family Tree
3. Grab bag 1-2 Residents
4. Role playing hours/week
5. Awareness Exercise
6. Psycho-drama
7. Charade
8. Pinoy Henyo
9. Poems
SP, IWD,
residents
Literacy Program
 basic writing/basic 1-2 Residents
reading/basic math/ hours/week
ALS/participation in the
Accreditation &Equivalency Test

Tutorial

Discussion

1. Debate
2. Discussion on IWD,
Responsibility and other residents
character traits
3. TC Concepts
1-2
4. Values
5. Gender Sensitivity and hours/week Residents
Work roles

Workshops
1. Origami
2. Cooking IWD,
3. Gardening residents, SP
4. Poetry
5. Art Therapy
6. Music Therapy
7. Book Reviews 1-2 Residents
8. Car maintenance hours/week
9. Flower Arrangement
10. Drama Workshop

Lectures
Topics:
1. History and Origin of the TC
2. Human Development
3. Sexuality
SP, IWD,
4. Stages of Recovery
residents

1-2
hours/week Residents
 CHAPTE
RV

VOCATIONAL/SURVI
VALSKILLS

INTRODUCTION
Thedevelopmentofvocationalandsu
rvivalskillsstartsatthe
beginningofperformance
injobfunctionsintheTCCommunity
whic ha
substantialvaluetotheindividua
l.Itsaimisnotonlyto
detainorconfineresidentsbutalsot
ochallengethemtolearn
vocationalskillsfortheirreentr
ytothecommunity.Vocational
rehabilitationhelpstheindividu
altobecomeless dependent,adapt
himselaf
ndbecomemoreindependentbymakingp
ositivechanges.

*TCHierarchicalStructure

*JobChanges

*JobFunctions

*StaffFunctions

SKILLSANDATTITUDEDE

VELOPMENT

Thinking+Feeling=Be
havior

Thinking+Feeling+Be

havior=Attitude

Ana titudeisaseto
feelings,thoughtsanddisposition.A
titudes
determinehowonew act.A
titudestemsfromthewayonethinks,
feelsandbehave.Theideasformedfromon
e’sthinkingwillbe
translatedintofeelings.
Thinking coupledwithfeelings
will
determinethereactionofanindivi
dualtocertainsituations.The
person’sa titudew
shapehisabilitytolearnandabso
rba the
teachingsinsidetheprogram.

Itw designhiswillingness
totakeonresponsibilities an
develop onesel Anindividual’sa
titudeisrelevantohisdevelopmen
tinthe
areaofvocationandoccupation.It
speaksofhisadaptabilityand
flexibilitytothedifferen
tasksandfunctions.Itw
predetermine howhe willlater on
performin the hierarchical
ladder. The developmentosf
killsisinseparablewiththeothe
rcomponentsoTf C
aseachcomponentplaysavitapl
artintheshapingoof ne’sa
titude.

ORGANIZATIONALHIERARCHYO
FTHERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

Objectives:

1.
Tocreateanorganizedstructure
 andanefficientsystemof
programimplementation.
2. Tofosterthefeelingoef
mpowermentandself-sufficiencyamong
residents.
3.
Toimprovethelineofcommunicationb
etweenpersonneland
residents.
4. Topromoteaself-
sufficientTCutilizingtheresidentsw
ho
possess avarietyosf kills.

Indicators:
 1. Orderlayndpeacefucl ommunity
2. Self-reliance
3. orkevidenthroughpunctuality
Valu andpatience.
eowf
4.
Jobscompletedontimewithpropersupe
rvision.
5.
Harmoniousinterpersonarlelations
hipandrespectfor
hierar
chy.
6. Prideinquality

ParticipantsP:ersonneal ndresidents

Procedure:

1.Theseniormemberofthestaff,us
uallytheDirectoridentifies
the
counselorscomingfromthestaff/p
ersonnel.
2.A
soonasthecounselorswereidentifie
d,theresidentsofthe communityw
submitapplicationforcertaindes
iredpositionsas
indicatedathehierarchicasl
tructure.

3.Theapplicantsw
beinterviewedbythestaff(Direct
or,IWDO, ChieEf
scortandCustodial).
4. After the interview,
selection of applicant for key
positions
(Coordinator&DepartmentHead)is
donethroughtheuse ofSocio
metricpointing.

5.Crewmembersw
beassignedasperassessmentoftheI
WDO, ChieEf
scortandCustodial.

6.Newresidentsw
beassignedautomaticallyathehous
ekeeping
departmentforonemonthfororient
ationpurposes.
 Table1.1TheTCMPHierarchicalStructure(
TYPEA)
TC
DIRECTO
R

ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAFF

F F F F F F F F

HOUSEKEEPI GROUNDS
SPECIA KITCHEN BOD EXPEDITING AND MAINTENANC ADMINISTRA
LAUNDR NG
L DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN LANDSCAPIN E TI VE
SERVICE Y T T G SERVICES
T T DEPARTMEN
S DEPARTMENT
T

RELIGIOUS CHIEF,
SERVICES COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR EXPEDITE COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
R

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT TANT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT CHIEF DEPARTMEN
HEAD ASSIS
HEAD
SERVICES HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD T HEAD SUPPLY

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

LIVELIHOOD DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT EXPEDITERS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT UTILITY
HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD

AL CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW

S

ELDERLY
 CLASS-ATCCOMMUNITY(JAILPOPULATION–
1,000UP)
1. BUSINESSOFFICEDEPARTMENT–Admin
2. KITCHENDEPARTMENT–FoodService Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPINGDEPARTMENT–Records
4. GROUNDS/LANDSCAPINGDEPARTMENT–
Custodial
5. LAUNDRYDEPARTMENT–Logistics
6. MAINTENANCEDEPARTMENT–Operations
7. SPECIALSERVICEDEPARTMENT–IWDO
8. EXPEDITINGDEPARTMENT–Paralegal/I&I
TC
DIRECTO
R

ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

Table1.2TheTCMPHierarch
icalStructure(TYPEB)
STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAFF
F F F F F F F F

HOUSEKEEPI GROUNDS
SPECIA KITCHEN BOD EXPEDITING AND MAINTENANC ADMINISTRA
LAUNDR NG
L DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN LANDSCAPIN E TI VE
SERVICE Y T T G SERVICES
T T DEPARTMEN
S DEPARTMENT
T

RELIGIOUS CHIEF,
SERVICES COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR EXPEDITE COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
R

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT TANT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT CHIEF DEPARTMEN
HEAD ASSIS
HEAD T HEAD
SERVICES HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD SUPPLY

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

LIVELIHOOD DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT EXPEDITERS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT UTILITY
HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD

AL CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW CREW

S
ELDERLY
 CLASS-BTCCOMMUNITY(JAILPOP500-999)
1. BUSINESSOFFICEDEPARTMENT–Admin
2. KITCHENDEPARTMENT–FoodServ
TC D
iIcRe
EC
OTORfficer
3. HOUSEKEEPING/LAUNDRDYEPARTMENT–
Records
4.
GROUNDS/LANDSCAPING/MAINTENANCEDEPAR
TMENT–
ASST DIRECTOR
Custodial DISCIPLINARY BOARD

5.
SPECIALSERVICEDEPART
MENT–IWDO
6.
EXPEDITINGDEPARTMENT
–Paralegal/I&
STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF STAF
STAF STAFF
F F F F F F
F

Table1.3TheTCHierarchical GROUNDS ,
SPECIAL
SERVICES
Structure(Jailpop-1-499
LAUNDRY
TYPEC)

RELIGIOUS COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE

SERVICES EXPEDITER
VISITATIO
N DEPARTMEN DEPARTMEN
ASSISTANT DEPARTMEN
SERVICE DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT CHIEF SUPPLY
T HEAD HEAD HEAD T HEAD T HEAD
S EXPEDITER

LIVELIHOOD

CREW CREW CREW EXPEDITER CREW CREW UTILITY

S
ALS
CLASS-CTCCOMMUNITY(JAILPOP-1-
499)
1. BUSINESSOFFICEDEPARTMENT–
Admin
2. KITCHENDEPARTMENT–FoodService
Specialist
3.
HOUSEKEEPING/LAUNDRDYEPARTMENT–
IWDO
4. EXPEDITINGDEPARTMENT–
Paralegal/I&I

NoteT:
hesetupotfheHierarchicaSl
tructuredependsuponthe
needsotfhefacility.
JOBFUNCT

IONS

Objectiv

es:

1. Todeveloptherighta
titudeotfheresidentstowardswork
.
 2. Toenhance
thecapabilityoftheresidentsinth
eidrayto
daytaskwithutmostpride.

Indicators:
1. Developedself-worthandsense
orfesponsibility.
2. Initiative
3. Creativity
4. Ingenuity
5. Prideinquality

ParticipantsR: esidents
Duration/frequency: A
yearoundbasedonja schedule

Procedure:

DepartmentalMeetingisconductedw
eeklyforassignmentof
taskswhichwilllastforoneweek
inrotationbasiswithinthe
depart achteamw beassignedon
mentE. expeditertomonitorthe
jobfunction.Jobrotationw
beprimarilybasedontheprogress,
performance
andcapabilityofeachresident.Pro
motionordemotion
canhappenduringtheprocess.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
(FROMHIGHES TOLOWEST)

Coordinator

1. Apositiverolemodel.
2. Dealswiththea titudes
oftheresidentsandactsasamember
ofthepanelduringthehaircutandadd
resses theresidentin
gene eeting.
ram
l
3. Theleaderoafteamassignedt
oversee
aspecificdepartment,
e.gk. itchendepartment
4.
Responsibleforreportingofjobchan
gesandrecommends
cu tingoffolfearningexperience
5.
AssignedasCoordinatoronDutyotfhed
ayan delegates tasks
tobecoveredforthedayi,.e
investigatingandbooking.
6. Encouragesresidents to
usebehavior shaping tools, i.e.,
encounterslipsb, ookinge, tc.
7.
Responsibleforoverseeingthateachte
amworksefficiently.
8. Supervisestheover-a
functionsofthedepartmentintheTC
Facility.
9.
Reportstostaffanyincidenthatisnot
intheboundaries ofa
residentodeawl
ith.
10.
Carriesoutanygiventaskthatst
affmembersassigned him/her.
11. In-
chargetodisseminateinstructio
nsgivenbytheDirector
andstaffthroughcoordinationwi
thco-coordinators.
12. Serves
asliaisonbetweenresidentandstaff.

CoordinatorOnDuty
(notpartofthewholehierarchicals
tructure,
eachcoordinatortaketurnstobecomeC
oordinatorotfheDay)

1.
He/sheisdesignatedasCoordina
toroftheDaytoconduct
inspectionincells,kitchenan
dotherareaswhereresidents
 areallowedtogetherwiththes
taffondutyandthechief
expediter.
2. Delegates taskst
othercoordinators.
3. xpediter.
Underdirectcommunica
tionwiththeChieEf

4. Mustalwaysbeawareandrecordsa th
eventsi,ncidences of
thedaytothelogbook.
5.
MusthavedirectlinkwithStaffonDuty
.
6.
Responsibletodisseminateinformat
ioncomingfromtheStaff
orDirector.
7.
Evaluatesorvalidatedifferentinci
dencesandseeksstaff’s
acknowledgement.

ChiefExpediter

1.
Responsibleformanagingtheda
ilyfunctionandactivities
of thecommunity.
2. Delegates othe
responsibilities
totheAsst.ChiefExpediter
andmonitorseveryactivity.
3. Oversees thescheduleotfheday.
4. Communicates
withdepartmentheadsinexecutiono
fjob
 functions.
5. Communicates
withCoordinatoroftheDayonanhour
ly
basis.

AssistantChiefExpediter

1. Responsible for execution of

directives from the chief
expediter.
2.
Supervisestheactivityinsidethed
ormitories.
 3. Monitorsovera
functionofthedifferentdepartment
sand
reportst theincidences.
othechie
af
4. Facilitates
departmentheadmeetingsinthea
bsence ofthe
chiefexpediter,jobchanges
andrequests.(e.g.requestfor
phonecalls)

DepartmentHead
1. eetingsbeforejobf
Conductsdepar unction.
tmentaml
2.
Delegatesspecifictaskstoteamm
embersandmonitors
individuacl onduct.

3. Monitors participation of
members to activitiesof the
program(MorningMeetingS,
eminarsandGroupSessions)
4. Checksa tendance
andwhereaboutsotfeammembers.
5. A tendsdepartmentheadspre-
evaluationmeetingregarding
jobchange.
6. Recommends grants or
deniesteammembers’ in-house
requestsinthedepartmentheadmeet
ing.
7.
Conductspostevaluationtoresident
sregardingtheresultof
theirequests.
8. Screensteammembersr’equests.
DepartmentCrew

1. Responsible for carrying-out

tasks, duties and
responsibilities
otfheirconcerne departments.
TCMPDEPARTMENTSANDF

UNCTIONS Business

Offi

ceDepartment(BOD)

1. Welcomes
newmembersofthefamilyandmakes
surethat
policiesr, ules
andtheirlimitationsareclear.
2. Responsible in facilitating
younger members’ group by
sharingexperiences.
3. Rolemodel that showshow
toovercometrying
circumstances (copinga,
djustmente, tc.)
4.
Orientsnewresidentshowtodropsli
ps,ventilatefeelingsin
theencountergroup,use
thebehaviorshapingtoolsand
internalizetheTCPhilosophyandU
nwri tenPhilosophies.
5. Provides supportoresidentswhe
needed.
 6. Preparessequenceof program
for special events and
disseminates a wri
tencommunications.
7.
Maintainsandupdatesbulletin boar
dpostagesand
announcements.
8.
Updatesprofileofresidents(Name,Ad
dress,Age,Status,
Birthdate,EthnicOriginetc.)an
dprovides listofresidents
intheTagboardtobepostedineveryd
ormitory.
9. Prepares
soundsystemineveryactivity.

ExpeditingTeam

1. Oversees theday-to-
dayaffairsotfhedifferentdepartmen
ts.
2.
ReportsanyincidentintheTCfacil
ityandtheoverall
a titudeotfhecommunity.
3. In-chargeofthea
tendanceoftheresidentsingroups,
seminarss, tatics,
pecializedgroups.
4. Confrontsa titudes
aroundthehouse andmakenecessary
stepstoaddress
themthroughbooking.
5. Coordinates
withstaffregardingannouncements,a
ctivities,
medications and court hearings
for proper information
dissemination.
 6. Coordinates
withCoordinatoronDutyandMedical
Staffin
a tendingtosickresidents.

7.
Preparedesignatedroomassignme
ntsuponadmissionof
newresidents.A( ssignbigbroth
er/sister)
8. Oversees activities
ofresidentsintheLearningExperie
nce
structure.

KitchenDepartment
 1. Prepares
andcookfoodfordailyconsumption.
2.
Maintainsqualityo foodanddietar
yrequirementsofevery
menu.
3. Preservessanitary working
environment and maintains
kitchenequipmentproperly.
4. Manages
quantityofoodservingstominimiz
ewastage.
5. Prepares
menuforspeciarlequirementsandocc
asions.
6. Serves mealsontime.
7. Ensures properstorageo
fooditemstoavoidspoilageand
contamination.
8.
Conductsregularhealthscreeningok
f itchenworkers.
9. Maintainsproperwashingodf
ishes andkitchenutensilsand
properd astematerials.
isposaol
wf

MaintenanceandLandsca
pingDepartment

1. Maintainscleanliness ogf
rounds
2.
Responsibleinplanting,wateringa
ndtrimmingofplants,
trees andflowerbeds
3. aterialsandequipmen
Maintainsin t.
ventoryomf
 4. Informs staffof any
equipment that needs repair or
replacement.
5. Responsibleinmakingmino
repairsofjailfacilitiesan
d equipment.
6. Responsible in monitoring
proper usage of water and
electricity.

HousekeepingDepartment
 1. Maintains the cleanlinessof
the cellarea, messhall,
visitationare
andvisitor’scomfortroom.
2. Maintains inventory of
housekeeping materials such as
broomsd, ustpansr, ugsfl, oorwaxe,
tc.
3. Provides properstorageohf
ousekeepingmaterials.

LaundryDepartment

1. Assignsandschedules
laundrytimeforeverydorm.
2. Designates
andmaintainshangingareaforwashed
clothing.
3.
Collectsthedriedwashedclothinga
nddistributestothe
respectivedorms.

STAF

FUNCTIONS

Director

TheWardenserves
astheDirectorofthefacility.Heovers
ees a the
activities edesignates
intheprogra stafftoserveasCounselors.
mH.
He makesfinal decisions as to what
sanctions or learning
experiences w
bemetedoutoerringresidents.

AssistantDirector
Thispositionisusuallyoccupied
bytheAssistantWarden.Hetakes
overtheresponsibilities
intheabsence
oftheDirector.Hereports
directlytotheDirectorandassis
tshimintheconductofthela
ter’s responsibilities.

Counselor

AstaffisassignedasaCounselorfor
eachdepartment.Theja set
upisuniqueastheCounselorstakeo
nothe responsibilities in
addition.
Duetotheinadequatenumberofja
personnel,custodialofficers
are oftentimesassignedas Counselors.
The Counselors are
responsiblefortheconductotfhediffer
entactivities oTf Conadaily
basis.EachCounselorw
monitortheactivitiesofthei
respective
departments.Theyw
conductindividualcounselingandfac
ilitate
groups.Theyarepresentintheconductof
thedifferentbehavior
shapingtools.Insteadofbeingthedomi
nantfigure,theCounselor’s
roleistobolsterorenhance
thecommunityastheprimarychange
agentandbuildthecommunitytofunctio
naroundtheestablished
hierarchy.
 JOBCHANGES

WhaJt:obChange(
Jobrotation)
WherAe: lTCimple
mentingJails
WheEnv:erysixmo
nths
ParticipantTs:C
staffandresidents

Interv Object Expecte Method/ Dura Respons

entio ives d ible
n Results Procedur tion Person
Applic To Harmoni es
TheDire Six IWDO
Interv
ation and
assess relati
ous w ca
ctor month
(6) Officer
iew
Pre onship
determ among fora
staffmeet s of
theDay
evalua ine
whois the
residen ing
for a Custod
tion
Discuss the
best ts
assigne job
rotatio ial
Staff
ion
Post dto
person their n or
jobchang Discip
Evalua capabl new
positi e.
Departme linary
Board
tion
Announ eto
handle on. n-
talmeet
ce
ment the
posit Persona ingof
departme
ion
amongt l
growtha nt
headsw
he
applic nd
develop be
held.
ants ment
in Theresid
To his
a ents
willapp
create
opport titude
towards lyfor
their
unit
ies work desired
positio
and and n and
experi job undergo
ence
 variou functi intervi
s
job ons. ewwith
responsi
posit ble
persons.
ions
for Then,
everyo responsi
ne
intheT ble
persons
C
facil will
evaluate
ity. and
discuss
the
applica
nts’
qualific
ations
aswe
asthe
positio
ns to
beoccupi
ed.
After
post
evaluat
ion,
the
IWDin-
charge
announces
the
selected
applica
ntson
their
respecti
ve
positio
ns.
Newposi
tions
w
beposted
at
bulleti
board.

ThiskindofJobChangew
bedoneregularlyeverysix(6m)onths.
Thisw bedonebytheTCMPDirectorbycallinga
thestaff/
counselorsinordertofacilitatetheprocedu
ralchangeofpositions
handledbydepartmenthea nce themeetingis
dsandcoordinatorsO.
done,thecoordinatorsw
nowapplyforthepositionsastowhe
re theywan tobeassignedthatw b
evaluatedbythestaffbefore
givingthemtheirnewassignments.
Aftereachassignmentis
identified,theDirectorortheIWDOwillt
henannouncetothe
communitythenewassignmentsandpos
itionstheapplicantsare holding.

WhaJt:obChange(WithInfraction/Offens
eCommitted)
Whe lTCImplementingJails
reA
:
WhenU:ponViolationofOffenses
ParticipantDs:isciplinaryBoard,TCSt
affandResidents

Interv Objec Expect Method Dura Respons

ention tives ed / - ible
Resul Proced tion Person
Valida Reali ts
Incre ure
Select As IWDO
ted
by za-
tion ased
level ion
of the
need Officer
the
inmate of
the of
aware- qualif aris of
theDay
Conduct reside nessth ied
reside es Custodi
invest nt
that t at
upon n to
the al
Staff
iga-
tion he
offense commi vacate Discip
by
Discip commi s-
siono d
posit linary
Board
linary
Board t-
ted fan
offense ion.
BST broug or
infra
Remova ht
demot ction
will
l
from ion
andva receiv
the
present lue
thenee e
corres
positi d
of pon
ding
on.
Promot impro sanct
ion
ofdeser ve-
ment ion.
ving
residen of
behav
t ior
and
a
titud
Asuddenchangeopf
ositionandresponsibilityw
occuriafcertain
residentholdingkeypositioncommitsinf
ractionsuchasviolationof
 cardinalrules.Suchinfractionha
sbeenverifiedandinvestigatedby
theresponsibleinmates
andsuchinvestigationreporthasre
ached thestaff.Itisassumedtha
themembersofthedisciplinaryboar
d
havealreadysanctionedtheresident
afterwhichh, ew beoustedof
hispresentpositionandpromotiona
n demotionw tak effect.

Forexample;
AcoordinatoroftheKitchenDepar
tmentwasfoundoutusingthe
foodcontainertofacilitat
entryofalcoholicbeverages.Hew
be
givensanctionbythemembersofthe
disciplinaryboardafterthe
investigationandthedepartmenth
eadofkitchenw assumehis
positionandacrewcanbepromotedto
takethedepartmenthead position.

WhJaotb:Change(Vacated
Positionsuponrelease)
WherAel:lTCImplementin
gJails
WhenU:ponreleaseofares
identholdingakeypositi
on
ParticipantTsC:StaffandR
esidents

Interv Object Expect

Metho Dura- Respons
ention ives ed d/ ibl
Result
Proced tion ePerson
s ur
e
Applic Assessa Harmon Upon IWDO
ation
Interv nd
determ io
us release Officer
iew
Pre ine
whoist relat of
the of
theDay
evaluat he
bestper ion-
ship reside Custod
ion
Discuss son
capable amongt nt
holdin ial
Staff
ion
Post to
handle he
reside gkey
positi Discip
Evalua the
positi nts
assign on. linar
yBoard
tion on ed
Announc among to
e-
ment the
applic their
new
ants. posit
ion.
 Person
al
growth
and
develo
p-
ment
in
his
a
titude
toward
s
workan
d
job
funct
ions.

Therelease
ofaresidentparticularlytheonewhooccup
ies akey
positionw openavacancyT.
hevacatedpositionw befilledupby
eithersuccessiondependingonhis/herqual
ifications.
TheDirect h scortorC ayconductintervie
orI,WDOC i ustodiam w
, eE l
f
andselectionoftheapplicantsvy
ingforthepositionandwill
announce laterwhoqualifies
forthevacantposition.Neverall
owthe
residentstodotheselectionandin
terviewwithouthesupervisiono
f anystaff.
LIVELIHOODANDSKILLSTRAINING
Object
ives:
1.
Tomotivatetheparticipation
otfheresidentsinthelivelih
ood
andskillstraininginprepara
tionfo reintegrationtothe
mainstreamosf ociety.
2. Tocultivateandenhance
one’scapacitytobecomeproduct
ive
andimproveself-worth.

Indica
tors:
1. Self-relianrt,esourcefual
ndcreativeindividuals
2. Generateincome

Designed Tools : Project Proposals,

Training Design, Feasibility
Stud
ies
ParticipantsR:
esidents/Staff
Proced
ure:
TheIWDOw
conductskillsinventoryofthere
sidentstodetermine
theappropriateskillstrainingn
eeded.Withthehelpofskilledstaf
f
oroutsourcedtrainers,residentsa
retrainedontheirspecificfieldof
interestwhichcouldbetheirsour
ceoflivelihoodoncetheyare
releasedfromjail.
ListofSuggestedVocation
alSki lsTraining :
COURSE DESCRIPT REQUIREME SUPPORT
ION NT
S GROUP
1. Cooking Length TESDA/
Culinary
Arts and
Bakingf of
stayin ALS
ora3
month the
facili (SERVIC
period
ofstudyw ty (5
months E
PROVID
ith
onemonth ).
Good ER)
IWDO
On
The Job health
 Training
2. TESDA/
Fabricat Welding
BasicStee -do- ALS
ion (SERVIC
E
PROVID
ER)
IWDO
3. Beads
Making Trainin -do- SERVICE
Enhancem g on
beads PROVID
en
t ER
enhanceme
nt

Othersuggestedvocati
onalski lstraining:

1.Rugmaking
2.Woodcarving
3.Flowermaking
4.MassageTherapy
5.Artistry
6.BasicElectricity
7.Automotive
8.MasonryandCarpentry
9.TailoringandDressmaking
10.TailoringandDressmaking
11. Furniture
12. LanternandChristmasDécorMaking
13. T-shirtprinting
14. Basketweaving
15. She craft
1 17O.
6
G
.
u
i
t
a
r
m
a
k
i
n
g
r
g
a
n
i
c
F
a
r
m
i
n
g
 SCHEDULE OF DAILY ACTIVITIES

TIME MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATU

5:00 - WAKE- UP TIME / JOB FUNCTIONS
6:00 AM
6:00 - M O R N I N G E X E R C I S E S
6:45 AM
6:45 -7:45 BREAKFAST AND BATHING TIME
AM
7:45 - PRE –MORNINGMEETING
8:00 AM VISIT
8:00 - M O R NI N G M EE TI NG
9:00 AM
9:00 - DEPARTMENTAL MEETING (once a week) Hygie
9:15 AM n
Specialized House
Recrea
Group Alternative Learning System/Tutorial
9:15 - Encounter
11:45 AM General Bible Group/ Static Group Athletics Saturda
Cleaning Sharing Group Activit
Dynamics i
LIV ELIHOOD P R OGR AM
11:45 LUNCH SET – UP
-12:00PM
12:00 L U N C H AND S IE S T A
-1:00 PM
Static Group V I S I T I N G P R I V E L E G E S
Community Visitin
Seminar/ or Expressive Athletics/ Drills Personal House
1: 00 - ART Therapy Therapy Job Functions /Exercises Hygiene Recrea
5:00 PM Seminar
LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM / SKILLS DEVELOPMENT WORK-SHOP
5:00 - Pe rso n a l T I m e / Sp I r I tual En
6:00 PM
6:00 - D I N N E R / W A S H - U P
7:00 PM
7:00 - TV VIEWING
8:30 PM
8:30 - DEVOTION TIM E
9:00 PM
9:00 LIGHTS –OF F /TAP S
*Sample schedule of activity

TIME ACTIVITY
Wake-up time
5:00 -6:00 AM Job Function
6:00 -6:45 AM Morning Exercises(Daily Dozen)
6:45 -7:45 AM Breakfast and Wash-up
7:45 -8:00 AM Pre-Morning Meeting
8:00- Morning Meeting
9:00 AM
ALS Dep-Ed- Mon & Tues (9:00-
11:30)
Bible Study – By Group (10:00-
9:00-11:30 AM 11:00)
Phone Call Privileges (10:00-
11:00)
Holy Mass as scheduled
11:30-12:30 PM Lunch
12:30- 1:00 PM Personal Time
1:00-5:00PM Visiting Privileges
Monday – No visiting privileges
intended for general cleaning
5:00 – 5:30 PM Inmates’ Counting
Job Function/ Departmental
Meeting/ Static Group Meeting
5:30 -6:00 PM Aerobics/ Dancing
6:00 – 6:30 PM Holy Rosary/ Bible Reading
6:30 -7:30 PM Dinner/ Cleaning-up
7:30 -8:00 PM Spiritual Enhancement
8:00 – 9:00 PM TV Viewing
9:00 PM LIGHTS OFF (TAPS)
 DEFINITIONOFTERMS

ANGERMANAGEMENT –
aspecializedgroupactivitydiscussi
ng issues tocontroal nger.
ANNOUNCEMENT- informationgiventoa
residents.

ATTITUDES–
thegeneralconditionoftheTCfa
milyasawhole,
includingincidencesp,
ositiveandnegative.

BANS-
abehaviorshapingtooltoprohibi
taresiden toaspecific areaa,
ctivityv, erbala,
notherclient.

BIGBROTHER
-anoldermemberofthecommunityta
skedto provideguidance
tothenewlycommi tedresidents.
BOOKED–
loggedanincidentotheCoordinatorotf
heDay.
CARDINALRULES
-theprincipalguidingruleobserv
edbyall residentsin aTC
Communitywith heavier
corresponding consequences.
COERCION-theuse
ofinternalandexternalsources
toheighten
dissonance
ontheclientandmagnifyhischoic
es andthespecific consequences
ohf ischoices.

COMMUNICATION –
adepartmentwhichoversees
thedailycensus, entryn,
ewsandotherinformationtobedissem
inated.
COMMUNITY-
theresidentsotfheTCFamily.
COORDINATOR-
thehighestpositiona
tainedbyaresidentinaTC
Hierarchy, who works with the
staffin running the house,
implementingrules.Withcorrespo
ndingstatus,aresidenthasan
authorityovertheotheresidents.

COORDINATOROFTHEDAY –
assignedcoordinator(resident)to
overseeandaddress theincidents,a
titudes ofthehouse through
theuse obf ehaviorshapingtools–
talktod, ealtwithh, aircut.
COUNSELOR-
staffmemberpositionwhoassiststheres
idents’
needs
DAILYSTRUCTURE -listodf
aytodayactivities
DEPARTMENTHEAD
-arankingresidentnextothecoordi
natorin theTCHierarchyassignedt
oversee,monitortaskstobedoneina
particulardepartment.

DISSONANCE-
thetimeperiodofadmi
ting,denyingbeforecoming
upwithadecision.
DIRECTOR- hohasdirect
thehigheststafffacility
officer(Wardenw)
commandtobothresidentsan
dstaff.

DORMITORY– acellwhere the residents

stays while on
confinement.

ENCOUNTER-agrou process
utilizedtoventoutconcerns,anger
andhurtfeelings
ENCOUNTERBOX
-boxusedtoreceiveslipsbeingdropped.

ENTERTAINMENTandRECREATIONALACT
IVITY -anactivityin
theTCcommunityaimedtoaidresidents
intreatment.
EVALUATION–
anassessmentdoneanytimeduringthetrea
tment

EXPEDITINGTEAM –adepartmen
thatserves aspolice ofthe
communitytoensureorderamongresi
dents

EXPULSION-th
ejectionofonefromthecommunity
because of
his/herseriousoffense.

FRIEND
-aresidentwhohastheclosestrega
rdtotheother resident.

GENERALMEETING
-abehaviorshapingtooladdressingse
rious infractionoafresident.
GENERALWORKER –
thelowestpositionintheTChiera
rchy GROUNDS-
pertainstolawnsp,
athwaysandlandscape HAIRCUT-
abehaviorshapingtoolconsistin
gofafive-manpanel
thataddresses
aresident’sinfraction.
HIERARCHICALSTRUCTURE –
thechainofcommandofresidents
inTCMP.
HOUSE–pertainstotheja facility.
HOUSERULES –
aredaytodaystandardsthatneedtob
efollowed
insidethejailfacilitytoensur
ethesmoothandorderlyflowof
operation.

HOUSEKEEPINGTEAM –adepartmen
thatmaintainscleanliness
otfhefacility.
INFRACTIONS-aviolationtotheHouse
Rules otfheTCFamily.

LEARNINGEXPERIENCE –
aformofsanctionthataidresidents
realizethevalueocf
orrectinginfractions.

MORNINGMEETING-adailyrituaal
ddressinga titudes opf revious
daysp,
erformedtostarthedayright.
PEERS–friendsotfhesam entryperiod.
PRE-MORNINGMEETING - the activity
preceding the Morning
Meetingthatdiscusses a titudes
ofthehouse andelicitingthemeof
theweekandwordotfheday.
PULL–UP –verbarlepriman
doneduringtheMorningMeeting.
RESIDENTS–termsusedforinmates
whoarepartoftheTCMP
community.
SENIORRESIDENT –
amemberoftheTCcommunityhavingt
he
positionsuchasStaticGroupleade
randitsAssistantandInCharge
ovf ariou speciaselrvices groups.
STAFF–refertoja personnel.

STATICGROUP – a group composed of

residents known as
permanentsupportgroup.
TALKTO –
friendlyreminderforesidentviolat
ors.
TCFAMILY–referstoa
residentsotfheTCcommunity.

UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY – refers to a

guiding value which
residentsreflectandholdon.
VIOLATOR–
aresidentwhocommitsanactinviolatio
nofthe
TC/Ja Rules.
 Republic of the Philippines Department of the Interior
and Local Government BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development
BJMP Building, 144 Mindanao Avenue, Project 8, Quezon City

INTAKE ASSESSMENT FORM

GENERAL DATA
Name: Age: Gender:
Occupation: Civil Status: Birth date:
Religion: Address:
Birthplace: Citizenship: Height: Weight:
Date Committed: Educational Attainment:
Nature of Case:
Spouse/Guardian: Relationship:
Address: Tel. #:
DRUG HISTORY
Any history of drug use Yes No
Age when the client started using drugs:
Reasons/Causes of Drug Abuse:
Record of substance abuse
Vices: Frequency:
Smoking
Womanizing
Drinking
Drugs
Gambling
Others

MENTAL STATUS EXAM CHECKLIST (PSYCHOLOGICAL)

Appearance
Hair Bi
zarreDye dU
nkemptOther
BuildAverageUnde rweight Ema ciated Ove rwe ightOther
GroomingAde quatePoor Immac lateNeglectedOt
u er
h
DressAppropriate Mismatched DisheveledTatteredOther

Behavior
Eye ContactG odFleetin
o gA voidedSpor
a dic
wave Un ring None
RepetitionGesturesMann e rismStereot
yp ayEchopraxi
Psychomotor ActivityA tationRetardation
gi
Interpersonal StyleCooperativeRelaxedAttentiveShy Seductive
WithdrawnIndiferentEvasiveCautious
DefensiveIrritableResistantHostileOther
 Speech
Speech Rat e NormalPres su
red/FastSlowSoft-spoken
Intelligibility Clear CoherentSl rredMumb
u dStuttersO
le er
th
VolumeGoo dL oudWhispe re
d
Speech QualitySpontaneous ExcitedHesitantEmotional Monotonous
ImpoverishedEcholaliaLogorrheaVerbigerative
Speech QuantityGarrulousResponsiveTaciturnMutismProfanity

Mood and Affect

Mood Normal Anxious Frightened Depressed Guilt Ridden
Elated Expansive Irritated Angry Ambivalent
Mood Swing Other
Affective Expressi no Appro iate
pr Inappropr teia B ntlu at Fl
Other
Perception
Perceptual Disturbances
HallucinationsAu di
toryVisualOl fa
ctoryGusta to
ryTactile
Mood CongruentMo od Incongruent
Describe Content

Thought
Thought ContentI easd of ReferenceH yp ochondriasis
Thought InsertionThought Broadcastin gThought Withdrawal
Magical ThinkingOt h er
Describe Content
DelusionsNon-bizarreBizarreSystematizedPersecutory
GrandeurInfidelityEratomaniaOther
Mood CongruentMood Incongruent
Describe Content
PhobiaSpecify:
Preoccupat ion
Suicidal IdeationIdeation HistoryPrevious AttemptsCurrent Ideation
ImpulsivenessViable Plan
Hostile IntentPrevious IntimidationHistory of ViolenceCurrent Intent
ImpulsivenessViable Plan
Thought ProcessGoal-directedRelevantIrrelevantIllogical
Over-abundancePoverty of ThoughtOther
F
Thought Disorder light of IdeasNeologismCircumstantialTangential
Clang AssociationDe railmentBlockingPer severation
Describe Content
 Sensorium
ConsiousnessAlert Le thargi CloudedSt
c up
orousOther
OrientationTime Ori en tationPlace Orient tionPerson
a Orientation
MemoryRemot eMemory Deficit Re
cent Memory Deficit Immediate Memory Deficit
JudgmentFairImpaired
InsightImpairedDenialSelf AwarenessEternal Locus of Disorder
Intellectual InsightTrue Insight

COLLATERAL INFORMATION: TORTURE SCREENING

(Provide detailed information for each torture event. Use separate sheet if
needed)
File No: Name
When
Torture Incident Where
Methods
Physical Mental Pharmacological
( ) beating on the soles of the ( ) food deprivation or ( ) administration of drugs
feet forcible feeding with to induce confession
( ) burning with cigarettes butt spoiled foods or and/or reduce mental
() hitting with weapons human excreta or competency
( ) hitting with blunt object other taboo food ( ) use of drug to induce
( ) strangulation ( e.g. pork for extreme pain or certain
( ) blindfolded Muslim) ( ) denial of symptoms of disease
( ) rape sleep
( ) molestation / sexual ( ) confining Other forms of
harassment in solitary pharmacological torture
( ) striking of the ears with cells (specify):
cupped hands ( ) witnessing of
( ) hanging by the arms or feet torture by the victim’s
( ) application of hot pepper to family
eyes/mouth/genitals ( ) denial of worship
() sufocation with a plastic
bag ( ) insertion of foreign Others (specify):
objects into sex
organ/rectum
( ) water cure
( ) electrocution
( ) immersion in water

Others, (specify):

By Whom? Provide details such as How Often? How Long?

name, rank if possible; where
information not available: were
persons known prior to events? Also
describe characteristics: clothing,
scars, birthmarks, tattoos, height
weight, anything unusual,
language, intoxication, etc.

Other Persons Present during Suspected Purpose or Reason for Torture in

Torture particular Statements by Perpetrators and Context in
which Torture Took Place

Narration of Events of Torture (include details about interrogation, how many persons, role in
interrogation, contents of what victim was told or asked; information about torture method
should be as precise as possible, including: instruments used if any and Specific torture
methods, in particular of a sexual nature)

ARTICULATED EFFECTS
(CATEGORIES SUBJECT TO ENRICHMENT)
Physical Psychological Emotional Behavioral

Medical Attention
Was the victim examined by a If so, when?
doctor/health worker at any point
during or after the incident?
□ Yes □ No
Name of Doctor/Health Workers: Hospital/Clinic of Doctor:
Address of Doctor:
Doctor of choice? □ Yes If not, who provided doctor?
□ No
Describe the nature of the examination performed by the doctor and how long the
examination took place (please be as specific as possible)
Other persons present during Addresses of other persons present during medical
medical examination, if any: examination, if any:
Did the victim receive appropriate treatment for the injuries sustained? □ Yes
□ No
Describe the treatment received
Were any medical report/s or certificate/s issued □ Yes □ No
If so, what did the report/s or certificate/s reveal?
□ Physical

□ Mental

□ Consistency of facts alleged and findings

If the victim died in custody, was an autopsy or forensic examination performed?

□ Yes No
If so, what were the results of the autopsy or forensic examination?
Name of person who Address of Person who performed autopsy or forensic
performed autopsy or examination
forensic examination

GENERAL IMPRESSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Date:
Time started:
Time Ended:

Psychologist on Duty
 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF REGIONAL MODEL TC JAILS

PARAMETERS INDICATORS OBSERVATION/REM RECOMMENDA

ARKS TION
I.TC Environment
a. TC Hierarchical Presence of
Structure Hierarchical
Structure
b. TC Philosophy TC Philosophy posted
and visible
c. Unwritten Unwritten
Philosophies Philosophies posted
& visible
a.Daily
II. Morning Meeting
Activities Morning Meeting
conducted daily and
accurately
b. Daily Schedule of Daily schedule of
Activities activities updated
and posted
I. Behavior Shaping
II Tools
a. Pull-ups b.
Haircut Behavior
c. Learning shaping tools
Experience practiced
d. Encounter regularly and
e. General Meeting accurately
I V.Psychological/
Emotional
a. Individual
Counseling
conducted and
b. Group Counseling
Counseling
c. Specialized groups facilitated
Groups
V.Intellectual/
Spiritual
a. Educational Regular ALS class
Training (ALS) conducted
b. Seminars Seminars conducted
c. Religious Activities Religious activities
provided
VI.Vocational/Skills
a. Job Functions Job functions
assigned and
well defined
 b. Livelihood/Skills Livelihood/Skills
Training Training Programs
available
VII.Impact of TC on
a. the Inmates
Discipline b.
Sense of
Positive changes on
Responsibilit
inmates perceivable
y c. Initiative
d. Courteousness
e. Concern for others
VII f. Personal Grooming
I.Impact on the TC
Facility
a. Cleanliness Environment is clean
b. Orderliness and orderly
IX.TC Staff
a. Knowledge and Adequate knowledge
Skills of TC Staf and skills
b. Attitude & Activities are
Dedication of conducted on a
Staf towards the regular basis
program
SEMINARTOP
ICS
 *GRIEVINGPROCESS*

Ang“
GRIEF”oKalungkutanayisangnaturalnareak
syonsaisang
kawalan.Itoayangpaghihirapngkalooba
nanararamdamankapagangisang
mahalsabuhayaynawalaolumayo.Kadalasa
nang“grief”aymaykinalaman
sapagpanawngmahalsabuhay,subalititor
inaypwedengmaramdamansa ibat-
ibangpangyayarsi abuhaytuladng:
- Paghihiwalaysakarelasyon
-Pagkamatayngalaganghayop
- Pagkakasakitngmalubha
-Pagkakasakitngmahasl abuhay
- Nawala nghanapbuhay
-Pagkakasirangpagkakaibigan
- Nakunansapagbubuntis
-Nalagaysapeligroangbuhay
- Pagkakakulong
 Masmatindiangkawalan,masmatindiang
lungkotnanararamdaman. Subalit,kahitn
angpinakamuntinguringkawalanaymaarin
gmagdulotng
kalungkutan.Itoaydependesakakayahanngtaona
harapinangmatinding
kawalan.

Anglahataymayibat-ibangparaa
ngpagluluksa.Angpagluluks aybase
saibat-
ibangkadahilanannatuladngpagkataoo“pe
rsonality”,kakayanang
humarapsaproblemam,gakaranasansabuhayp
, aniniwalasaDiyosatanguri
ngkawalan.Ang“grieving”opagluluks
aynangyayaringdahandahanatsa
takdangpanahon.Itoayhindimaaringmada
liin.Itoaywalangnakatakdang
habangpanahon.Angib
aygumagaanangpakiramdamsaloobngsandal
ing panahonhabangangib aytumataganl
gtaonA. nomanangmganararanasan,
mahalaganamagpasensy athayaanangsar
nadumaansatamangproseso ngpagluluksa.

*MgaMalingPaniniwalaTungkolsaPagluluk
sa:

1.
Angsakitaykusangmawawalakungitoayhindp
i inapansin.

Angpagbaliwalasasakitnanarara
mdamanaylalongngpapalala
nito.Masmadaliitongmalagpasa
nkungitoayharapinat
bigyangatensyon.

2.
Mahalagangmaging“Matapang”saharapngsitw
asyon.

Angpagkalungkotatpagkatakotaym
ganormalnasintomasng
pagluluksaA. ngpag-
iyakayhindni angagahuluga
ngkahinaan. Hindki
ailangangmagmatigasomagpakitan
gkatapanganupang
maprotektahanangibangmahalsabuh
ay.Angpagpapakitang
tunaynadamdaminaymakakatulongsa
iyoatsaibapang mahasl abuhay.
3. Anghindipag-
iyakaynangagahuluganhindik
apektadosapagkawala ngminamahal.

Angpagluhaaynormalnareaksyonsa
lungkotsubalititoay hindi
lamang ang paraan. Ang hindi
pagluhaay hindi
nangangahuluganghind
itonakakaramdamngsakit.Itoay
 maaringkasinghapdingnararamdamann
gibangunititoay
kayangipinapahayagsaibangpamamara
an.

4. Angpagluluks aypwedengtumagahl
anggangisangtaonlamang.

Walangtakdanghabangpanahonngpag
luluksa.Bawatis ay mayibat-
ibangkakayahangharapinatmalagp
asanngisang pangyayari.

*ProsesongPagluluksa:

AyonkayDrK
. ublerRoss

1. Denial: “Hinditonangyayarsi
akin”(Pagtanggi)
2. Anger“:Bakitsakinpanangyarito?
(GalitS) inoangmaykasalanan?”
3.
Bargaining:“Maayoslangangproblemangito
…o(Pagtatawad)Maibalik
langangbuhayngamakog, agawinko… .
4. Depression: “Sobra ang lungkot na
nararamdamanko. (Matinding
kalungkutanH)indki onakayangkumilos.
5. Acceptance: “Tanggapkon
angnangyari(Pangtanggap).Walan akong
magagawapa.”

Kungikawaynakaranasngpagluluks
atnakaramdamngmga
nabanggitnaemosyonm,akakatulongs
aiyonamalama n ang
iyongmgareaksyonaynormaal
titoayunti-untingmawawalasa
paglipasngpanahon.Hindikinakai
lanagndumaankasalahat nganta
saprosesodah angtaoayiba-ib
angpamamaraansa pakikipaglaban sa
kalungkutan. Hindi rin kailangan
magkasunod-
sunodangprosesosapagkatangibangan
tasay maaaringhindri i
nararanasa ngibangtaoA.
ngpagluluks ay
 magkakaibasalahatngtaoAngparaa
ngpagharapsakawalan
ayiba-
ibarin
.

*Kadalasangsintomasngpagluluksa .

1. akapaniwala
Hind
mi
 Pwedeng makaramdam ng pagkamanhid
at hindi
makapaniwalangnangyayarian
ganitoorpwedengbalewalain
ito.Kungmaymahalsabuhaynanamata
y,maarimosiyang
paulit-ulitn
asahannamagpakitangbuhaykahit
n alammo nasiy aynawalana.

2. Kalungkutan
Maaringmaramdamanangpag-
iisa,pagnanaisnamakitaang
mahalsabuhayatpagkawalangpag-
asa.Pwedengumiyakng
madalasatmawala
ngbalansesaiyongemosyon.
3. “GuiltyFeeling”

Kadalasanmakakaramdamangtaongna
iwanngguiltyfeeling
napakiwariniyasiy
angmaykasalanansapangyayari.Maa
ri dinsiyangmagsisikungsiy
aymaynagawaohindinasabisa
yumaongmahasl abuhay.

4. Galit.

Maaringmagalitsasarilidahi
likawaywalangnagawaosa
doctoratmaariringsaDiyoskun
gbakitniyakinuh angiyong
mahalsabuhay.Maaringringmaga
litsayumaosapag-iwansa iyo.

5. Takot.

Maaringmaramdamanangtakotopagk
awalangpag-asasa
pagharapsabuhaynahindki asam
angyumao.

Maarri ingmatakotsakatotohan
a natayoaymortanl anilalang
napwedengpumanawanumangoras.
 6. Pagkakasakit

Ang depresyon at pagkabahala ay

maari ring lumabas sa pamamagita
ngsakitngkatawantuladngpagbaba
ngtimbang, hindpi
agkatulogetc.

*PaanohaharapinangPagluluksa:
I. Humanapngsuporta

Angpinakamahalagangtulongsapaghilo
mngsakitayang
suportang ahalagangmailabasangiyo
ibangtaoM ngdamdamin
.
habangnagluluksaI.wasangmagluksan
gnag-iisa.

1. Bumaliksapamily atmgakaibigan

Anumang tulong ang maibibigay nila

ay makakatulong na
maibsanan aaritongemosyonapl
gsakitM. isikaolpinansyanl a
suporta.

2. Suma samga“SupportGroups”

Angpagluluks
ayisangnapalungkotnapangyayari
A. ngpagsali
samgasupportgroupsnamaykahalint
uladnakaranasanay
makakatulongnamaibsanangkalung
kutansakaalamanghindi kanag-
iis atpare-
parehokayongpinagdaanan.

3. BumalingsaDiyos

Bumalingsamgagawainsasimbahanu
pangmatugunanang mgaspirituanl
apangagailanganA.
ngpaniniwalanganglahatng
pangyayariaykagustuhanngDiyos
atitoaymaydahilan,ang
nagbibigays ati nglakasngloob.

4. KumausapngisangTherapistoCounselor.

Kungangpakiramdamayhindinakin
akayaangsakitng pagluluksa,
dapat
ngkumausapngisang“therapist” o
“counselor”nasiyan
gagabaysaiyosabuongproseso.
Ala.gaanangsarili
Habang nagluluksa, mahalagang
alaagan ang sariliupang
magkaroonnglakasngpangagatawanat
kaisipannakayanin
angproblema.Ang“STRESS“ngpaglu
luksaaymadaling
makaubosnglakaspisikaal
temosyonal.
1. Harapinangdamdamin

o
Upangmapabilisangpaghilomngsaki
tmahalagangamininitoat harapin.
Ito ay maaring pigilan subalit
ito ay paulit-ulit na
mangigibabawkungitoayhindhi
aharapinA. ngsakitngdamdamin
nahindi
binigyanngatensyonayamaaringmagd
ulot ng
kumplikasyontuladngdepresyon,pag
kabahala,paggamitngbawal
nagamotatiba’t-ibangurni
gsakit.

2. IbulalasangDamdaminsaibat-
ibangpamamaraan

o
Maaringisulatsaisang“journala
’ nglahatngdamdaminpatungkol
sayumaongmahal.Maariringgumawa
ngscrapbookorphoto albumg,
umawangtulaokanta.

3. Panatilihingmalusogangkatawan

o Ang depresyon ay makakapagpababa ng

resitensya o immune systemkung
kaya’t madalikang kapitan ng
ibat-ibang sakit. Labananito sa
pamamagitanng tamang pagkain,
tulog at ehersisyo. Iwasan ang
ibat-ibang bisyo dahilito ay
maaring magpalalangdepresyon.

4. Abanganangposiblengdahila
ngpagbabalikng“Grief”

o Anganibersaryop, askok,
aarawanatibapangmahalagangpets ay
maaringnagpapaalal
atmagbabalikngmalungkotnadamdam
in.

Siguraduhing may mga kasama sa

pagdiriwang atmay
makakausap.Gawingmasayaangpagdir
iwangatipadamaang pagmamahanl
 gbawatisasayumaoupangmaiwasangmaa
lal ang mgamasakitnanakalipas.

*KungangPagluluks ayNananatili:
 o
Normalsaisangtaoangmagluksaatmalungk
ot.Sapaglipasng
panahon, ang ganitong damdamin ay dap
at nadahan-dahang
gumagaanatnawawala.Kungangpakira
mdamaynananatili,hindi
gumagaanattilalumalalapasapagl
ipasngpanahon,itoay
maaaringsenyalesngmasmalalangko
ndisyonsapag-iisipna
depresyon.

*PagkakaibangPagluluks
atDepresyon:
o Angkaibahanngpagluluksa(grief)
at depresyon(Clinical
Depression) ayhindi
madalingmakitadahilsilaaymay
magkaparehongsintomas.Angpaglul
uks ayparangnakasakaysa
isang“rollercoaster“.Iba’tibange
mosyonaynararamdamansa
araw-
araw.Maymgamagandaomasamangaraw.
Subalit,gaano
mankasakitangnararamdaman,aymaym
gasanda parinna
kayangtaoangtumawaatmakaramdamn
gginhawa.Kapag nawalan
angkakayahannasumaya,itoayposib
lingnahuhulog
nasa“C epression“.
linic
aDl

*Sintomasng“ClinicalDepression“:

m- atindingpagsissi asarili
 p-ag-
iisipngpagpapakamatayokagustuhangsa
ktanangsarili
k-awalana ngpag-as
atpagpapahalagasasarili
m- abaganl apagkilosatpananalita
h- akatulogosobrangtulog
in
dm
i
h-indki ayangkumilo sabahayt,rabah
opaaralan
n-
akakakitaonakakarinigngbosesnawala
sapaligid

o
Kungmaynararamdamangganito,kinak
ailanganngmagpatingin
sapropesyonal.Kungito’ypabayaan,
maaar itongmahulogsa
pagkawalangbalansesapag-iisips,
akitopagpapakamatay.
 *ANGERMANAGEMENT *

Ang GALITayisangnormaal
tmalusognaemosyons, ubalitkung
ito’ynagigi apigila
ngmalal nahumahantongnasapananaki
athindmi t
napisikaal
tsikohikali,toaynagkaroo
ngnegatibongepektosarelasyon,
kalusugangpisikaal temosyonal.

Angnararamdamanggalitaynorma
lalonakungisangtaoay
naaapionagagawa
ngkamalian.Angdamdaminayhindiang
problema kunghindai n gawai
naresultangdamdaminangpagkakaibaA
. n galit
aynagigingproblemakungito’ynaka
kasakitnasasar atiba.An galit
aynag-
uugatkunganoangnatutunanmulapagkab
ata.Kungang pamily
aytigibngagresyonatgalitsapananal
it atgawa,angbat ay
naniniwalanaitoaynormalnaparaansapagp
aparatingngemosyon.Ito
aynakukuharinkungangtaoaymay“t
raumatic“nakaranasano
nakakaranasngmataasn
antasng“stress“.

*MalingPaniniwalaTungkolsaGalit:

“Kailangangmailabasanggalitatma
loo samaitongmaiponsa
b“.
 Tamanaitoaymaibulalans gunitsap
amaraangmalusogat
hindinakakapagbigayngmasamangep
ektosasar atiba.Dapat
matutongpamamaraa
ngtamangpagsasagawanito.

“ Ang galit, agresyon at

pananakal ay nakakatulong para
makuhakoangrespetongib
atmakuhakoan gustoko.”
Angrespetoaykusangbinibig
ayathindihinihingi.Itoay
nakukuhakungangtaoaykarapat-
dapatayonsatamangpag- uuga
atpakikipagkapwa-tao.
 “Hindikokayangpigilinan
galitkayahindikomatutulungan
angakingsarili”.

Kungmayisangbagaynakayangkontr
olinayangatingsarili.
Walangibangmakakatulongs
atinkunghindai ngatingsarili.

*HalagangAngerManagement:

1. Angmalalan
galitaynakakaapektosakalusugan.
BPB,S eartDiseaseC, ancer
ugarH
,

2. Masamasapag-iisip
-DepresyonP,oorConcentration
3. Masam angepektosakabuhayan

-nasisir
angrelasyonsakatrabahob, ossc,
ustomers
-pwedeng maapektohanang
promotiono matanggal sa
trabaho

4. Masam angepektosarelasyonsapamily
atmgakaibigan

*Dahila ngGalit:

1. An galitaykadalasan
ginagamitparapagtakpanangiba’t-
ibang
damdamintuladngkahihiyan,sakitn
gdamdamin,pagkatalo,
panghihinayangk, akulanga
ngkakayahanatbp.
 2.
Walangibangalamngpagpapadamangemosyon
-natutunansapamilyamulapagkabata
trauma”sanakaraan

*SintomasngGalit:

1. Tensionsasikmura
 2. Paniniga sakatawanb,
alikatatmgakamayatpanga
3. Pamumulangmukha
4. Mabilisnahininga
5. Masakitangulo
6. apakali
Hind
mi
7. Mabilisnatibokngpuso

*NegatibongKaisipa
naHumahantongsaGalit:

1. Mgamalingpaniniwala
paranoid“p, agdududa
-pakiramdamnalahataylabansakany
sakan atwalangnakikinig
ya

2.
Mariinapaninindiganatkagustuhangkon
trolinangkapaligiran
-
paniniwalangangtaosakanyangpali
gidaydapat
gumagalawngayonsakanyangkagustuh
an.

P3a.
ghahanapngmgabagaynaikakagalitatpagba
le-walasamga
positibonabagay.

P4a.ninissi aibabukodsasarili

*Paraa ngPagpapahupangGalit:

A. MabilisangPagpapahupangGalit

-pansini ngpisikanl asintomasn

galit
-humingangmalalim
 -mag-exerciseparamailabasangnaipo
naemosyon
-gamitinangmgas‘ enses“
*matat,engad, ila,
onga, tpakiramdam
-
masahiinangtensiyonadongpartengkata
wan
-magbilanghanggang10bagomag-
isipngtamangreakyon.

B. TanunginangSarili
 -gaanobakahalag angbagaynaitosakabuuna
ngbuhayko?
-karapat-dapatbaitopar akoaymagalit?
-karapat-dapatbaitoparamasir
angarawko?
-tamab angreakyonkosapangyayari?
-maynagagawab akoparama-resolb
angproblema?
-tamabangpag-
aksayahankongpanahonangproblema?

C. TamangParaa ngPagpapahayagngEmosyon

1. Alaminkunganoangdahila n galit
-
bigyan ngpanahonangsarilinasuriin an
gsitwasyonat
makaisipngkarampatangsolusyon

2.
Kungmainitangsitwasyon,lumay
ongmga5minuto,maglakad
omagpahingaupangbigyanangsar
ngpanahonnalumamig angulo.

3. Makipaglaba ngpatas

-bigyanghalag
angrelasyonsakapwaimbisn
anghangaring manalosalaban
-panatiliinangpangyayarsi
angayonatiwasanghalungkatinang
nakaraan
-matutongmagpatawadatisukoanglaban

*KungAngMahal SaBuhayaymayProblemasa“
ANGER MANAGEMENT“:

o Ipaalamna hindi mo papayagang siya ay

lumagpas sa iyong
itinakdanghangganan
o Hintayi nalumamigangulobagopag-
usapanangpaksa
o
Pansamantalanglisaninanglugarkungnanan
atilinggalitang
mahasl abuhay
o Humingni
gtulongsaprofessionalsparas“acounselin
g”
o Panatilihingligtasangsarili
o Humingni gtulongsamaykapangyarihan
TANDAAN: Ang galit ay walang kinalaman sa
ating kapaligiran at mga
pangyayarikunghindis
atingreaksyonsamgapangyayari.T
ayo
lamangangmaykakayahangmagtimpi
atipahayagangsar sa
paraangtanggapnglipunan.

*DOMESTICVIOLENCEANDABUSE*

o Ang“DomesticViolence” at
“Abuse”aymaaaringmangyarki anino
man subalit
itoaymadalasnababalewala,
nabibigyan ng
kadahilananoikinakatwa,lalonaku
ngangpag-aabusoaysa
paraangsikolohikalathindipis
ikal.Angpagbibigaypansinatpag
- aaminngmgasenyalesngpag-
aabusosaisangtaoaymahalaga
upangitoa alangsinumanangdapatmamuh
ymatigi aysatakot
lW.
sataongmahanl iya.
Tandaan: Lagingmaymahihinga
ngtulong.

*BakitMay“DomesticViolence”?:
o “DomesticAbuse”oPag-aabusos
asawa/partneraynangyayari
kungangisangtaonamaymalapitnar
elasyonoasaw ayninanais
namadominaoma-
kontrolangkabiyakopartner.Ang
“Domestic
Abuse”aypwedengpisikalosikologica
l.Itoayginagawaparasa
isangadhikaina, tyanayangma-
kontroal ngkabiyakA. ng“abuser”
aygumagamitngpananakot,panghihi
y atibapangpamamaraan parahumin
angdepensangkabiyakatito’ymapa
ikotsakanyang
 mgadaliri.Ang“abuser”aymaaringma
nakotnasaktanang
kabiyakatangmgamahanl itosabuhay.

o
Ang“domesticviolence”aynangya
yarai nomanangedadk, asarian,
lahi,relihiyonatkalagayansabu
hay.Dapattandaannaang “abuse” ay
hindi katanggap-tangap at
karapatan ng lahat na
mahalini,respetoatligtasangpak
iramdam.

o Angunanghakbangsapaghingni
gtulongayangpag-ami namay abuso na
nangyayari sa isang relasyon. Ito
ay kadalasang
nagsisimulasapananakotatdahan-
dahanglumalalasapananakit.
Angpang-
aabusongsikolohikalatemosyonala
ysing-samarinng
pisikaldahilitoaysumisirasayon
gpagpahalagasasarili,at
nagdudulotngtakotd,
epresyonatkawalangpag-asa.

*MgaSintomasNg“AbusiveRelationship
”:

Ikawb ay?

o
Madalasnakakaramdamngtakotsaiyongkab
iyakopartner?
o Umiiwa
saibangpaksasatakotnamagalitangiyong
partner?
o Pakiramdammoaywalakan
ginawangtamasamatangiyong
partner?
o Naniniwalangkarapat-
dapatlangnaikawaysaktanngiyong
partner?
o Nag-iisipkungikawb aynahihibangna?
*AngIyongKabiyak/Partnerb ay?

o Pinapahiyaosinisigawanka?
o Madalaspinapabab angpagkataomo?
o
Tinatratokangmasamasaharapngiyongmga
kamag-anakat
kaibigan?
o Hindpi
inapansinominamaliitangmgakabutihan
gnagawa?
o Sinisiski asamganangyayarai
tkungbakitikawaynaabuso?
 o Angtinginniyasaiyoayisangpag-
aarioisangbagaynasexual
imbesnaisangtao?

*SintomasngPagka-
bayolentengKabiyakoPartner:

o Masamaopabigla-biglangpagkagalit
o
Nananakitonananakotnasaktankaopatayi
nka
o Nananakotnailayoangmg anakniny
osaktansila
o
Nananakotnamagpapakamataykapaginiwana
nmo
o Pwersahangmakipagtaliksaiyo
o Sobrangselos o“possessive”
o Minamatyagan kung ano ang ginagawa mo
at kung saan ka
pumupunta
o
Pinagbabawalankangmakipagkitasamgaka
mag-anakokaibigan
o
Limitadoangpagbibigayngperaopaggami
tngteleponok, otseatbp

Ang“ DomesticViolence”
aynagigingusapingcriminalkungitoa
y
nagigingpisikalnapananakito“sexua
labuse”(pamimilitsakabiyakna
makipagtalikahitayawnghu
at“stalking”(malimitnapagmamatyag
atpagsunod)

*MalingPaniniwalaTungkolsa“
DomesticViolence”
o Itoayhindpi
roblemangakingkomunidad.
Angproblemangpamily
ayproblemadinngkomunida dah ito
anghumuhubogsakanilangmg
anak.Kung“dysfunctional”ang
relasyonngmag-
asawa,posiblengangmgaanakatmagi
ngmga
“delinquents”paglakoimalihisngla
ndas.

o
Itoangnangyayarliamang
samahihirapnatao.
Itoayhindni amim ngantasngkabuhayan
 o Ang ibang babaeang karapat-
dapat lang na saktandahilsa
kanilangpagkakamali.
Walangsinumanangdapatsaktana
nomanangpagkakamali

o
Angalcohol,droga,stressatsakitsapag
-iisipaydahilanng
“domesticviolence”.
Itoaypwedengmaka-
dagdagsaproblemasubalitangpananakit
ay
nasapagkataong“abuser”.

o Itoaypersonanl aproblemalangngmag-
asawaomag-partner.

*Gulongng“DomesticViolence”:

Pang-aabuso
TumataasnaTensyon

- Pisikal
-ang“abuser”aynagsisimulang
- Sikolohikal/ agkaintidihan
-hindmi o
kagalitangmagkabiya-k
Emosyo
nal -nararamdama
ngpayapaina ngbiktimanakailangan
ngkabiyak
-
parangnaglalakadangbi
ktimasa“egg

Pagkakasundo Kalmante

-humihingni gpatawadang
-kumikilosang“abuser”naparang
walangnangyari“abuse”sabiktima
-nangangakoang“abuser”
-walangpang-aabusonanangyayari
nahindni aitomauulitkailanman

-sinisisni g“abuser”angbiktima
-umaas angbiktimanahindi

-itinatanggni g“abuser”nainabuso
-binibigya ng“abuser”ang
 niy angbiktim
atsinasabing
hinditokasinl
alanginaakala

*HumingingTulong:

1. TumawagsaPulis
-
Proprotektahannilaangbiktima,mgaanakat
ibangmahalsa
buhay
- Aarestuhinang“abuser”atmakakasuha
ngcriminal

2. Humingni
gsuportasapamilyatmgakaibigan

3.
Humanapngligtasnalugarnapansamantalangma
tutuluyan
-GABRIELA

H4u.mingni gtulongnamedical
-malalamankunganoangkalagaya
ngkatawanmataposangabuso.
-makakatulongangmedicarlecord sakasolabans
abuser

Importante: Kailangangmaputolan
gulongngpang-aabuso.Angpang-
aabusoayhindititig
hangga’thindimalapatanng“therap
y”ang
“abuser”A. ngpinakamahalag ayang
KALIGTASANngBIKTIMA .

*SMOKINGCESS
ATION*
 Taon-taon,libo-
libongtaosabuongmundoaynamamataysa
mgasakitdulotngpaninigarilyo.

Isasadalawangpanghabangbuhaynana
ninigarilyoay mamamataydah
sabisyongito.
 Angpaninigarilyoaydahila
ngmaramingurni gcancer.

Angpaghahalongnicotineatcarb
ondioxidegalingsasigarilyo
aynagpapataasngpressure,atnagpa
pabilisngtibokngpuso,
dahilanparamahirapanangpusoat
mgaugat.

Pwedeitonghumantongsa“hearta
tack”at“stroke”dahil
pinapabagalnitoangsirkulasyon
ngdugo.Pinuputoldinnito
angdaloyng“oxygen”papuntasamg
apa atkamaynapwede
humantongspaagputonl gmgapa
atbinti.

Ang“tar”galingsasigarilyoat
sumisksiksaloobngbagana
pwedengmagdulotngcancer.Angta
ongnaninigarilyong20
sticksisangarawayhumihingang
isangtasang“tar”saisang taon.

Angpaggamitng“low-tarcigare
tes”ayhindni
akakatulongdahil
angnaninigarilyonitoaymasmal
alimatmatagaal ngpagsinghot
ngusokn,
anagdadalasatarnamasmalalimsa
loobngbaga.

Angmgasakitnadulotngpaninigar
ilyoaymabagalnaproseso
ngkamatayankatuladngsakitsabag
ana“emphysema”kung
saanangmga“airlobess” aloobngb
ag aynawawalannang
“elasticity”atnananatilingpu
nonghangin.Angpasyenteay
laginghirapsapaghingananangang
ailangannang“oxygen”.
Angsakitnadulotngpaninigaril
yoaynagdudulotngmaraming tao
napaghihiraplalonasapaghinga.

Angpaninigarilyoaynagdudulo
tngpagbabarangtab at“blood
clots”saloobngmgaugatnasiyan
gkadahilana ng“stroke”at
heartdisease”.

Sakabataan,3sa4nanamataydah
saheartdiseaseaydahil
spaaninigarilyo.
Angnaninigarilyoay10xnapwede
ngmamataysalungcancer
kaysahindni aninigarilyo
 Ang paninigarilyo habang buntis
ay pwedeng magdulot ng
“prematurity”“,abortion”m,a
bab angtimbangnasanggoal tiba
pang“abnormality”sabagongsila
ngnasanggol.

*MgaDahila ngPaninigarilyo:
1. Parapamparelaxoparagumand
angpakiramdam.
2. Maslumakasp angpisikaal tmentanl
akakayahan.
3. Nagigingbisyona
4. Nagiging“addict”sanicotine
5. Dah
sa“peerpressure”oparamakihalobilos
aiba
6.
Pampakalmapagnakakaramdamngnerbiyos
ostress

*PaanoTitigilsaPaninigarilyo?

1. SiguruhinangKagustuhangTumig
saPaninigarilyo:

Kailanganbuoangloobkungikawaymagdede
sisyon.Kungitoay
gagawi
namaypagdududa,madalasitoaynabibig
okungikaway
titigil.Kailangangmananatilingna
katigilsapaninigarilyoupang
kumalasnangtuluyan.

2. HanapinangTunaynaDahila ngPagtigil:

Angdahilanngpagtig
aynagbibigaynginspirasyonnakaya
nin
anglahatngbalakid,kasaman
angmga“withdrawalsymptoms”
atmagbigaynglakasngloobnaharapina
nglahatngmga
pagsubok.

MgaPosiblengDahila ngPagtigil:
o
Ayawngmgataoangmgananinigarilyo
o Masyadongmagastos
o
Umiwaskangmanigarilyosapaligidn
gpamilya
o
Nagdudulotngmasamangamoyngbibiga
tkatawan
o Gustongumigai ngkalusugan

o
Takotsamasamangdulotngpaninigari
lyosakatawan.
3. Gumawangplanongpagtigil

Gumawangplanokungpapaanotitig
sapaninigarilyonatutulong
saiyosapaghanapngdahilansapagtig
atkunganoan gagawin
paramaiwasangbumaliksadatingbisyo.
Itoaymakakatulongna
harapinang“stress”at“withdrawasl
ymptoms”.

o
“WithdrawalSymptoms”aymgasi
ntomasnanararamdaman ng katawan
kapag bumababa ang antas ng nicoti
ne sa katawandah sapagtig
ngpaninigarilyo.

MgaSintomasngWithdrawal:
o Hinahanap-
hanapangepektongsigarilyto-
umagalng3-5
minutos
o asakitnalalamun
Masakitangulot, an
iyanp, agtataem,
o akatulog
Hind
mi
o Inuubo
o apakalid, epresyon
Mainitinan
guloh,
indmi
o
Malakaskumainatumataasangtimbang
o Madalingmapagod

PlanosaPagtig
ngPaninigarilyo:
a.Magkaroo ngkarampatangpaghahanda
o Siguraduhingangdahila
ngpagtig aynapakalakaspara
magkaroo
ngmalakasnapananggasamgapagsubo
kna
haharapin.
 o Tandaan,n angdesisyonnatumig
aywalangibakung
hindsi aiyolamang.
o Lagingisa-
isipangdahilanngpagtig
upangpatuloyna
mahikayatangsar namanat
sadesisyon.

b. Maglaa
ngtamangpetsakungkalianmagsisimula
ngtumigil
o
Dapatgawinitohabangnapakalakasp
angkagustuhang
tumigil.

c.Sumanggunsi adoctortungkosl
aposiblengepektongpagtig sa
katawan
o Tandaa n
angpagnanaisnabumaliksapan
inigarilyoay tumataganl
g3-5minutolamang.
4. MaghanapngMakakasamasaPagtigil:
Mas epektibo kung kayo ang
nagtututlungan sa pagtigilsa
paninigarilyo

5. Humingni g“morasl upport”sapamily

atmgakaibigan

6. Mag-
ehersiyoatmagingabalasaibanggawainupangm
alibangang
kaisipanatmawalasaisipangpaninigaril y
o
Uminomng maraming tubig upang
mabawasan ang gana sa
pagkain

7. Iwasanangmgalugarositwasyo
nanakapagpa-alalangpaninigarilyo
Ang sidhi ng pagnanasa ay tumataas
kapag nakakaamoy ng
sigarilyo.

8.
Alaminkunganoanggagawinpagnakakar
amdamngpagnanaisna manigarilyo

9.
Magingpositiboatsiguradonakakayaninmoan
gpagtigil.
 *SEXUALHARASSMENT*

“SexualHarassment“
=ayonsa“PhilippineAnti-
SexualHarassmentActof
1995”ayang“paghingingsekswalnapabor,tina
nggapmanohindi,galingsa
amo,manggagawa,namumuno,guro,professor,nag
tuturo,tagapagsanayo
ibangtaonamaykapangyarihani,mpluwensiyao
nakakataa saiba”.

Itoaynangyayarikapagangisangtao
ayhumingingpaborna
sekswalkapalitngtrabaho,pagtaas
ngkatungkulanoanumang
pribilehiyo.

Ang“SexualHarassmentAct”ayhin
dilamangtumatalakaysamga
direktangnasasangkotkunghindik
asa rinangmgataonakahit
papaanoaytumulongupangmaganapan
gpangyayari.
arassment”aymaym aaaringikaw
Ang“Sex araminganyoM. ay
uaHl
nagingbiktimangmalisyosongpagtit
ig,biro,salita,sulat,“graffiti”
opaghawaksapartengkatawan.

*AnoAngGagawin?
1.
Sabihinang“hindi”o“tigil”ng
malakasatmalinawparamarinigng
iba.

Kungmaynakakarinig,tumanggingmali
nawatmagalangna
paraan.Iwasansumigawatbakaito’ym
abigyangkahuluganna
 ikaway“hysterical”atemosyonalat
pwedengmapagbintangan
nagumagawangisyuopinapalakai
ngisyu.

Sabihinangiyongnararamdamanng
malinaw.Sabihinmona
angaksyonaynagdudulotsaiyongpa
gkabalis atpagkatakot,
naangkanyangkilosayhindinarar
apatatnilalabagnitoang
iyongmgakarapatanbilangbabae.

2. Ital anglahatngpangyayari
 Isulatangbuongpangyayari,kala
kipangpetsa,oras,lugarat
mgataongnakakitaonakarinig.I
tagoangtalao“journal“sa
isangligtasnalugar.
Itoaymakakatulongkungmay
imbestigasyo namangyayari.

3. Ipaalamangpangyayarsi
amapapagkatiwalaangtao

Sabihinitosaisangmalapitnakaibigans
aopisina.Kungmay
nangyaring paghawak, pananakot na
pisikal o sikolohikal,
pumuntasa“manager”o“supervisor”.K
ungkinakailangang
ipaalamang pangyayari, siguruhing
ang taong ito ay may
posisyonsaiyongtrabah
omagigingtestigoparasaiyo.

4. MagsampangReklamo
Angiyongkumpany
aymaaaringmapyamantayanhingg sa“
SexualHarassment”.Silaaymaykatungk
ulangtulunganka
upangmalutasangproblema.

Kungikawayhindipinansinng“Hu
manResources”(HR)sa
iyongkumpanya, maaari
mongituloyangreklamosa
pamamagitanngpagsampangreklamos
apulis.Maginghanda dahilito ang
maaaring maging matagalna
proseso.
Kakailanganinmongabogadokungha
ngadmoanghustisya.

*Anti-SexualHarassmentActof1995*

Ang“SexualHarassment“aynagaganapsaisang

lugarnamaykinalaman
satrabahokapag:
 1.
Angsekswalnapaborayhinihingikapal
itngpagtanggap,pagbaliko
patuloynapagtatrabahongisangtao,osapagbi
bigaysaisangtaong
mataasnakumpensasyon, magandangkalagayan,
promosyon o
pribilehiyo, o ang pagtanggi sa sekswal na
pabor ay paglilimita,
paghihiwalayopag-
uurisaempleyadonanahantongsadiskriminasy
on,
pag-
aalisopagpapabababasamgaoportunidadnamaka
ka-apektosa
empleyado.

2. Ang ganitong pangyayari ay nakaka-

apekto sa mga karapatanat
pribilehiyongempleyadosailalimng
“LaborLaws“.
 3. An
ganitongpangyayariaynagdudulotng
kapaligirannapunon galit,
pananakotatpagpapahiya.

Ang“SexualHarassment”aynagaganapsaisang
“Education”o“Training
Environment”:

1.
Saisangtaonanasapangangalagaopamumunongmays
ala.

2. Sa isang tao na ang pag-aaral,

pagsasanay o pagtuturo ay nasa
pangangalagangmaysala.

3.
Kungangsekswalnapaborayginagawang
conditionparaipasao
pagbibigayngkarangalano“scholarsh
ip”opagbibigayatibangbenepisyo
opribilehiy okunsiderasyon.

4.
Kungangsekswalnapananamantalaayhum
antongsakapaligiranna
punongtakotogalitparasamag-
aaral“,trainee“o“apprentice”.

Sinumangnag-
uudyoksaibanagumawangnaturangaksyonng
“sexual
harassment”otumutulongsapaggawangnatu
rangaksyon,kungsaanhindi
nitomagagawakungwalangtulonga,
ymananagotdin.

*Tungkulin ngAmoo Namumuno saisangOpisinao

“Training”
Environment

-Tungkulinngam
onamumunonaipagbawaloitig angpaggawang
“sexuahl
arassmentacts”atmaglabasngparaanparasapagreso
lbap, ag-areglo
opaghablangkaso.
*Pananagutanng Amo, at Namumunong Opis
ina, “Educational” o
“TrainingInstitution ”

Angam onamumunongopisin
aymaypanangutansamgakasiraa na
angkadahilananayang“SexualHarassment
”nanangyarisalugarngtrabaho
kapagangnaturangaksyonaynangyariatnak
aratingsamgakinaukulan
subalitwalangaksyo naginawa.
*Kaparusahan

Angsinumanglumabagsaprobisyo
ngbatasnaito,kapagnalama na
nagkasal
ayangkaparusahannapagkabilanggonahindibab
abasaisang(1)
buwanodlialagpasnganim(6n)
abuwanomultanahindbi ababasaP10,000
ohindilalagpa saP20,000oparehongmult
atpagkabilangg odependesa
desisyo ngkorte.

*DRUGABUSEANDADDICTION*

Angibangtaoaygumagamitngipinagbabawalnag
amotnainiresetangdoctor
nawalangnegatibongepekt
oadiksyon.Subalitsanakararami,angpaggami
t
ngbawalnagamotaynagdudulotngmalakingprob
lemasatrabaho,bahay,
paaralan,atrelasyon,atnakakaramdamngpag-
iisa,kawalangpag-asaat
kahihiyan.

Kungikawaynababagabagnaikawoisangka
ibiganomiyembrongpamily ay
gumagamitngbawalnagamot,mahalagangma
lama namaysolusyonolunas itok,
ungmaghingni gtulong.

Dapatmalamanangdahila
ng”drugabuse”at“addiction”p,
aanoitonangyari,
anoangmgasintomasnito,atbakitnapakal
akasngpwersanitosaisangtao.
Itoaymakakapagbigayngmasmagandangpang
-unawatungkolsaproblem at
paanoitomahanapa ngsolusyon.
*Alaminang“DrugUse,AbuseatAddiction”

-
Angmgataoangsumusuboknagumamitngdrogas
amaraming
kadahilanan. Karamihanay
nagsisimuladahilsakagustuhang
malamanatmasubukanangepektonitod; ah
sapaggayasaginagawa
ngmgakaibigan(peerpressure);upangsum
ayasaparty;paramas
gumaling ang abilidad sa “sports”
o para mawala ang nerbiyos,
depresyono“stress”.Angpagiging“add
ict”aydependesakakayahan
ngtaonadalhinito.

Ang“drugabuse” o
“addiction”ayhinditungkolsadamingdr
oganaginamit kunghindsi
aepektongdrogasakatawanatgalawngtaoK.
ahitnamadalango
kakauntiangdroganaginamit,kapagitoay
nagdudulotnangproblemasa
trabaho,paaralan,pamamahayorelasyon,ma
lamangangisangtaoaymay
problemanasa“drugabuse”o“addiction”
.

*AngUtakat“DrugAddiction”

Ang“addiction”ayisangsakitkungsaana
ngisangtaoaymaydi-
pangkaraniwanat di-mapigilang
pagnanasanagumamit ng
ipinagbabawalnagamot.Angpaulit-
ulitngpaggamitngdrogaay
nagbabagonganyoatndarngutak.

Angpaggamitngdrogaaydahilanparatumaa
sangantasng
“dopamine”sautakA.
ng“dopamine”ayisang“neurotransmi
ter”na
nagbibigayngmagandangpakiramdamsaka
tawan.Itoaynaaalala
nguta kungkaya’titoayhinahanap-
hanapngkatawan
 Angisang“addict”aymasyadongkumakapi
tsadroganatilaitoay
nagigingkasinghalagangpagkainatub
igsabuhayniya.

Angpagbabagosautakngtaodah
sadrog aynakakahadlangsa
tamangpag-
iisip,tamangdesisyon,atangnorm
alnapakiramdam
kapagwalangdroga.
Anomanan ginagamitnadroga,angdi-
mapigilangpagnanas ay
tumataasatmasnagigingmasmahalagaka
ysapamilya,mga
kaibigant,rabahoatkahitkarunungana
tkaligayahan.

*PaanoUmuusbongAng“DrugAbuse”at“Addic
tion”

Angisangtaonanagsimulangmag-
eksperimentosadrogaaypatuloyna
gumagamitnitodah
ito’ynagbibigaysakanyangmagandangpakiram
dam.
Kadalasann, apakaliitngkaibaha
ngisang“drugabuse”at“addiction”.
Kadalasanangisang“addict”ayitinat
angginasiy ayumabotnasaganitong
estado.

*Ang“DrugAbuse”at“Addiction”ayumuusbo
ngkapag:
1. Angdrog alimb umagamit
aypumupunongkahulugansa awaG:
buhayH.
ngdrogaparakumalmakapagkinakabahan;
sumiglaangpakiramdam kapag
nalulungkot, o mas nagiging
kumpiyansasasarilikapag
humaharapsaibangtaokungnahihiya.Na
gsisimularinitokapag
umiinomngmga“regulate
drugs”naniresetangdoctorparasanerby
os, hindi pagkatulog omatinding
sakit sakatawan. Hangga’t hindi
nakakakitangibangparaanupangtugunan
angmgapangangailanga na
itom alamangnapatuloyparinangpaggamitngb
, awanl agamot.

2.
Habangnalululongsadroga,madalasnahu
hu o“absent”satrabah o
angkakayahanggawinangtrabahoaytuluyang
bumababaat
nagpapabaya.Itoaynangangahulugannaangka
pasidadngdrogaay
nawawala. Ang nagsisimula bilang
libangan o kusang paggamit ay
nahuhulogsadi-
mapigilannapangangailangangpisikalats
ikolohikal.
Angmabutingbalit
aymaymgaparaanupangmatig angpaggamitng
bawalnagamotsapamamagitanngtamanggamut
anatsuporta.Ang
unanghakbangayangpag-
akonamayroonkangproblemaomagingsa
mgamahasl
abuhaynamadalasnakakakitasamganegatibo
ngepektong
drogasainyongbuhay.

*MgaKathang-
Isiptungkolsa“DrugAbuse”at“Addiction”
1.
Malalampasanang“drugaddiction”sapamama
gita ngdeterminastonat
lakasngloob.
- Katotohanan:Pwedengtumig
sapaggamitngdrogakungtalagang
gustuhinmosubalitangmatagalngpa
ggamitaynagbabagosatakbo
ngutaknahumahantongsadi-
mapigilangpagnanaisnamag-droga.

-
Itongmgapagbabagonaitosautakayang
dahilankungbakit napakahirap na
tumigilsa pamamagitanlang ng
malakas na paghahangad.

2. Walangmagagawasataonglulongsadroga.
 - Katotohanan:Kahitn
ang“addiction”ayisangsakitsauta
k,angtao
ayhindinawawalanngparaanupangit
o’ymatigil.Ito’ypwedeng
gamutinsapamamagitann
gamot,“therapy”,ehersisyoatibap
ang paraan.

3. Angmgalulongsadrog
aykailangangdumatingnasasukdulan
bago silamatulungan.
-
Katotohanan:Angpaggalingaypwedengmag
simulaanumangoras.
Angmasmaagangpaggamotangmasmabutidah
masmahab ang
paggamitnito,masmalalalaang“addict
ion”atmasmahirapitong
malunasan.Huwaghintayingnaubosnaangl
ahatbagogumawang
aksyon.
-
4.
Hindipwedengpilitinangisang“addict”na
magpagamot.Kailanganito’y
manggalingsakanya.
- Katotohanan: Ang pagbigay lunas sa
“drug addiction” ay hindi
kailangangkusang-
loobng“addict”.Angmgataongpinilit
langng
kanilangmgamahalsabuhayongkorteayka
pareholangna
nakikinabangsagamutantuladdinngmga“
addict”nakusang-loob
nanagpapagamot.Habangnawawal
angepektongdrogasakatawan,
lumilinawnamanangkanilangkaisipan,n
awawal angpaglalabanat
dumadatingangkagustuhangmagbago.

5. Hindimatagumpayangunangtangkan
gamutankayahindikailangang
umulitpa.
-
Katotohanan:Anggamutansa“addicti
on”aymahabangprosesona dumadaan sa
mga pagkabigo. Ang pagbalik sa bisyo
ay hindi
nangangahuluganngkabiguanokawalan
ngpag-asa.Itoaydahilan
parabumaliksasimul
 atbumaliksapaggamotobaguhinangpar
aan
n gamutin.
-

*MgaSintomasngDrugAbuse

Napapabayaanangmgaresponsibilidadsatr
abaho,paaralanat
pamamahaydah sapaggamitngdroga.
Halimbawa:
-bumabagsaksaklase.
-pagpalyasapagpasoksatrabaho.
-napapabayaanangmg anak.
 Paggamitngdrogasailalimngmapa
nganibnagawainhabanglango
sadroga.
Halimbawa:
-pag-“drive”habanglangosadroga.
-
paggamitngkontaminadonghiringgily
a.
-
pakikipagtaliknawalangproteksyon.

Ang paggamit ng droga ay

nagdudulot sa isang tao ng mga
problemanglegal.
Halimbawa:
-pagnanakawp,
agwawalahabanglangosadroga.

Angpaggamitngdrog
aynagdudulotngproblemasarelasyon.
Halimbawa:
-paglayosamgakaibigan.
-
paghihiwalaysakabiyakokasintahan.

*MgaSintomasng“Drug
Addiction ”

Nakakaranasng“drugtolerance”A.
ngkatawanaynangangailangan
ngmasmaramingdrogaupangmaranasanangp
arehongepekto.

Gumagamitng droga para malunasan ang

nararanasang
“withdrawalsymptoms”.Kahitnanais
i ngisangtaonatumig sa
bisyoh, indni iyaitokayadah
angutakaykontroladonangdroga.

Angbuhayayumiikotnalamangsapa
ggamitngdrogaN. auubosna angora
sakaiisipkungpaanomakakakuhang
droga,gamitinito atmakabawsi
aepektonito.

Tinalikurannaangmgagawainnadat
iaynakapagbibigaysaya.
 Lumalayon ang“addict”samgatao,
banganatmgapagtitipon.

Patuloynagumagamitngdrogakahit
naalamangmasamang epektonito.

*NakakabahalangSintomasng“DrugAbuse”

I. SintomasnaPisikal
-namumulangmata
-pagbabagosaganasapagkainw,
alangtulogorsobrangtulog.
 -nagigingpabayasasarilin,
agigingmadumihinh, indni ag-aahit.
-kakaibangamoyngkatawanh,
iningaosadamit.
-nanginginigu, taolnawawala
ngbalanse.

I. Sintoma sakilos
-hindwi
astongpagtupadngmgatungkulinsatraba
hoatpaaralan.
-hindmi aipaliwanagnapangangailanganspa
eranahumahantong
sapangungutangatpagnanakaw.
-nagigingmalihimatmapagduda.
-nag-iib an
grupongmgakaibiganatkasalamuha.
-
madalasnasasangkotsakaguluhanataway
.

I. SintomasSikolohikal
-nag-iibanguga atkatauhan.
-
nagigingmainitinangulo,bayolenteo
nag-iiba-ib angkundiston
ngpag-iisip
-hindmi apaka atmalikot.
-walan ganan, atutulala.
- atakutin.
ninine
rbiyos
m,

*SintomasKapagGumagamitngSumusunodnaD
roga

1. Marijuana:
-Mapulang mata, maingay, tawa ng tawa,
susundan ng antok,
nawawala n gan
atinterest,umataasobumabab
angtimbang.
 2. onuicum)P.
Depressants(Vacu ampababangenerhiya.
imX, anorD,
-Paranglasing,hindimakapag-
isip,inaantok,nauutalatnawawalanng
balanse

3. Stimulants–
Pampalabasngenerhiya(CocaineA,
mpethaminesS, habu, Ecstasy).
-
Magalaw,dimapakali,mainitinangu
lo,nine-nerbiyos,madaldalat
mabilismagsalitasusunda
ngdepresyonosobrangtulog.Minsanay
ayawkumainatnatutulogngmatagalnap
anahon,nangangayayatat
natutuyoanglawayn, agdudud
atnagiging“paranoid”.

4. InhalantsS: inisinghot(GlueA,
erosolsr,ugbyS, olvent)
- Nagluluh
atlumalaboangmata,lumalaboangpag-
iisipatmemorya,
nagtutubig at namumulaangilong, masaki
t ang ulo,nasusuka,
 mistulanglasingi,naantok,ninener
biyos,irritablen, awawala n gana
sapagkain.

5. Hallucinogen(LSDP, CP)
-
Kakaibangpagkilos,“Paranoid”,agresib
oatbayolente,nakakakitaat
nakakarinigngmgabagaynahindtiotoo,n
atutulala,nauutal,nalilito,
nawawalasasarili.

6. Heroin
- Maramingtusokngkarayom samgabaso,
pinagpapawisan,
nagsusuka, inuubo, nagninginig, o
kumikibit ang mga laman,
nawawalangn ganasapagkain.

*PaanoMakakakuhangTulong:

Angunanghakbangtungosatuluyangpaggalingay
angpag-ami ngproblema
sapaggamotngdrogaN.
angangailanganitongmatindinglakasatatagn
gloob.
Huwagsubukan gawinitongnag-iisadah
madalingmawawalanngloobat
sabihinsasar na“iton
anghuli”.Angpangyayaringitoaymagtutulak
sa
“addict” ba bumalik sa dating gawi. Ano man
ang napiling paraan ng
“treatment”o“rehabprogram”,mahalagan
gawinitokasam angsuportang
pamilyaatmgakaibigan.Masmadalingmakalaba
ssapagkalulongkapag
mayroongmalalapitnataonamasasandiganparam
akapagbigayngdireksiyon
atlakasngloobsatuwingnanghihina.Maaaring
isukoangsar sa“rehab
program”nggobyernoopribado.Maraming“sup
portgroups”nahanding
umalalaysamgataongmayproblemasadroga.

*KungangMahalsabuhayaymayProblemasaDr
oga:

MagsalitaK:
ausapinangtaongmahatlungkosl
akanyangproblema
sadroga,atmagbigayngsuportanahindi
humuhusga.Mas
maagapanang“addiction”,masmabu
tiatmasmalakiangtsansa
namagamot.Huwagantayinnaumabotnaang
“addiction”sa
sukdulan.

Alagaan ang Sarili: Huwag pabayaan

ang sariling kalusugan.
Maaringmagkasakitdah
sasobrangstress.Siguruhingmaymga
 taongmakakatulongatmakapagbibigayn
gsuportasaganitong
sitwa uwagilagayangsar
syonH samapanganibnasitwasyon.
.

Iwasangsisihinangsarili:Alami
nkunganoangmagagawang
tulongatihandogitosamahasl
abuhayna“addict”.Alalahani na
itoaysarilingkagustuhanngtaoatwala
kangkinalamandito.
Hindmiokayangkontrolinangmgapangy
ayari.Hayaangtanggapin
ngtaoangkanyangproblem
atumayonsapaggagamot.

*Huwagdapatgawin:

-
Subukangparusahant,akutinobayaranang“a
ddict”.
- Pagtakpanangtaon gumagamitngdroga.
-
Saluhinanglahatnaresponsibilidadng“ad
dict”.

- Itag oitaponangdroga.
- Gumamitdi ngdroga.
- Makaramdamngsalasanangyarsi amahasl
abuhay.
 *HIV/A
IDS*

HIV(HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus) –
itoaygrupongmga“viruses”napag
nakapasoksakatawan,aypumapatayosumis
irasa“immunesystem”o
panlabanngkatawan.Bilangpanlabanngka
tawansaHIV,patuloyitong
gumagawangpanibagong“cells”opinipi
g nitoangpagdaming“virus”subalit
sakalaunan,patuloyiton
ginugupong“virus”hanggangtuluyangma
sir ang kakayaha ngkatawa
nalabanananganumangimpeksyonokanser.

AIDS(AquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome)
– ayangmgasintomasna
nararamdamanngtaongginuponangHIVkungsaan
angkatawanay mawawala
ngkakayahanglabananangimpeksyonoanomangur
ingkanser.
Ang ordinaryong impeksyon
na hindi masyado nakaka – apekto sa mga
malulusognataoaymaaaringkumit
ngbuhayngisangtaongmayAIDS.
Ang‘whitebloodcells”- ay mahalagang
parte ng dugo na responsable sa
paglabansaimpeksyo ngkatawanA.
ngHIVaysumisirasawhitebloodcellsn
a tinatawagnaCD4+.Kapagsumusobran
angdamni gCD4+nanasisira,hindi
nakinakayangkatatwa
nalabananangimpeksyonokanser.

AngpagkakaroonngHIVayhindinangangah
ulugann angisangtaoaymay
AIDS.Kahitnahindiginagamot,matagal
bagomahulogangHIVsaAIDS.
Kadalasanumaabotng10-
12taonbagoitonagigingAIDS.

*Paanonakukuh andHIV?

KaraniwanngkasongHIVaynakukuhasapamama
gitanng
pakikipagtalikngwalangproteksyonsaisangt
aongmayHIV/AIDS.
Nakukuhadinitosapaggamitnghering
gilyanakontaminadongHIV.
Madalasitongnangyayarikapagangmga“dr
ugaddict”aynaghihiramanng
kontaminadongkarayomnapanturokngdroga.
Pwededingmaipas
angHIVmulasainapapuntasasanggosl
akanyang sinapupunanosapamamagita
ngpagpapasusokungangin aymayHIV.
Nakukuhadinitokungikawaymasalina
ngdugonamayHIV

AngHIV ayhindi nabubuhaysalabasng

katawankaya hindi ito
maipapasasapamamagitannghalik,“hands
hake”opag-inomsaiisangbaso kasam
angtaongmayHIVk,
agatnglamok,opaghawaksagamitngtaong
mayHIV.
*MgaSintomasngHIV

Kadalasan,angHIVaywalangsintoma
sasimula.Kungmayroonman,
itoaykahalintuladlangngtrangkaso,tu
ladnglagnat,masakitnakatawan,
sumasakitangkatawanatkasu-
kasuanat“skinrashes”.

Angmgasintomasaypwedengmanat
saloobng2-3linggoI.toay
nawawal athindni araramdama
ngmaramingtaonK. apaghindgi inamota, ng
“Virus”aypatuloynananinirangating“immu
nesystem”opanlaba ng
 katawanhanggangsaito’ytuluya
ngmagupoathindni amakabangonA. ng
mgasintomasay:
Namamaganglymphno
desokulani
NangangayayaStobrangpagod
wisans Lagnat
agabi

*AngpagsusuringHIV

Ang“HIVantibodies”aynakikitasaihi,
dugoatlaway.Kapagangtaoay
nahawaan ng HIV, ang “immune system” ng
katawan ay gumagawa ng
“antibodies”nalumalabansa“virus”.
Itongmga“antibodies”aymakikitasa
dugosapamamagitanngpagsusurio“bloodt
est”natinatawagna“ELISA”at
‘Westernblotassay”.Kungangunangres
ultasa“ELISA”aypositibo,inuulit
ito atkungangpangalaw
aypositibo,ginagawanamanay“Western
blotassay”na
siyangnagbibigayngpinanl aresulta.

Ang“HIVantibodies”aylumalabass
adugomgaanim(6)nabuwan
mataposmahawaan.Kungikawayna“expose
”saHIVngunitnegatiboang
resultang“bloodtest”;
-Magpasurimu
atipagawaang“bloodtest”6,12,at24l
inggopara
makasiguronaikawaynegatibosaHIV.
-
Pansamantala,siguruhingmaingatatbakama
ipasaitosaibakapag
lumabasnaikawaypositibo.

Kungikawaymaypangambanamaaringika
waymayHIV,magpasuri kaagad-
agad.Angmaagapnagamutanaynakakatulongs
apagpa-bagalng “virus”aymapanat
angiyongkalusugan.Mahalagaringmalama
nupangmas
magingmaingatatmaiwasangipasaitosaib
a.Mahalagangkumunsultasa
doctorupangmatulungansadapathawin.

*Paanoan gamutan?
 Suriinangmgagamotngnaaayonsasinasabing
doctor.Anghindi
tamangpag-
inomayposiblenghumantongsa“resistan
ce”sagamotatuluyang dpi
aggalingngkaramdaman.
Iwasangmanigarilyodah
tumataasangposibilidadng“hearta
tack”o
“lungcancer”naepektongsigarilyo.
Kumai ngmasusustansyangpagkain
Mag-
ehersisyongregularatiwas
anangmga“stress”.
Iwasanangmgaipinagbabawa
nl agamotoalcohol.

*Paanoma iwasanangHIV?
Mag-ingatsapakikipagtalik,palagin
gumamitng“condom”patsi a
“orasl ex”kapaghindsi
iguradosaiyongkatalik.
Iwasa namagkaroo asmakakasiguro
nghigitsaisangkatalik
m,
kungmanat sais
angregularnakatali
k.
Kausapinangkataliktungkosl
aHIV/AIDSK. ungkinakailangan
magpa“bloodtest”kayongpareho
atulitinitomataposang6na
buwanP. ansamantalan
gumamitngcondomhabanghindpi a
kumpirmadoangresultangHIVtest.
Huwa gumamitngdrogaoalcohobl
agomakipagtalikdah itoay
nagdudulotngpagpapabayasa“safesexpr
actices”.
Huwagmaghirama ngpersonanl
akagamitantuladng
“toothbrush”at“razor”.
 Huwagmaghirama
ngkarayomnapanturoksamedisinaobawal
nadroga.
 *SEXUALLYTRANSMITTEDDISEASES(
STD)*

Ang
STDaysakitnanaipapasagalingsaisangtaopatu
ngosaibasa
pamamagita ngpakikipagtalik(s arip,
uwetanobibig)

Pwederinitongmaipasamulasa
inapatungos anakhabang
nagbubuntis(sadugo)h,
abangnanganganakohabang
nagpapasuso.
Kapaghindni agamota,
ngSTDaynagigingsanhni gmalalang
problemnasakasangkapangpangkasarian
(reproductivesystem),
tuladngpagkabaogo,impeksiyo
ngbatasasinapupunan.
AngSTDrinaynagigingdahilanp
aramadalingmahawaanang
isangtaongHIVoAIDS.
Mahalagangmalamankungpaanona
ipapas atpaanonatin
maprotektahanangatingmgasar
atkaparehalabansaSTD.

*SintomasngSTDs
aLalaki:

1. Nananalumalaba sadulongari
2. Mahapdki apagumiihi
3. Masakitnasugatolapno s ari
4. Mgabukosl apaligidngari
5. Nangangatsi arib, ayagobuhokngari
6. Namamag angbayag

*SintomasngSTD
saBabae:

1. Maslumalalang“discharge”galings
arni aibakaysa
pangkaraniwan
 2. Masakitatmahapdbi
agoatpagkataposumihi
3.
Masakitowalangsakitsasugatolapnosma
lapits ari
4. alapits ari
Buko
ml
5. Masakitnapuson
6. Katsi ari
7. Masakitmakipagtalik

*Mahalagangmalaman naangkawalan
ngsintomasayhindi
nangangahulugangwalakangSTD.Marami
ngkababaihannamaySTD
aywalangnararamdaman.
*Dapatgawinkapagmaymgasintom
asonakipagtaliknawalang
proteksyonsaisangtaongsapala
gaymoaymaySTD:
1. uwa gamutin
Kumunsultasadoctorosinom
ang“healthworker”H.
angsarili
2. Uminomatubusinanglahatn
gamotnainiresetangdoctor

3.
Bumaliksadoctorparaipagpat
uloyangkonsultasyonpara
siguruhingkumpletoan
gamutan
4. Ipa-
konsultadinangiyong“partner”paramag
amotatmapayuhan
5.
Iwasangmakipagtalikhabangikawatangi
yongkabiyako“partner”
ayginagamotK. ungkinakailangang,
umamitngcondom.

*PaanoMaiwasanangMahawangSTD?

1. AlaminkunganoangmgaSTD
2. Iwasangmakipagtalikunghindki
ilal ang“partner”
3.
Magingtotoosaiyong“partner”atsigur
aduhingwalangibang
katalikg,
anundinangiyong“partner”
4. Pag-
usapangngiyong“partner”angpagtatali
katSTDpara
matutongmaiwasanito
5.
Gumamitngcondomatalaminangtamangpagg
amitnito
6.
Magpakonsultasadoctoro“healthworker
”ngregular
“Angtamangkaalamantungkosl
aSTDaypinakamabisangpag-iwasdito”
 *STRESSMANAGEMENT*

Ang
STRESSayisangrealidadsabuhaynahindpi
wedengtakasan.Ayon
kayDr.HansSelye,ekspertosapaksangstre
ss,itoayisangsangkapsabuhay
“nakungwalaito,tayoaymistulangpatay
”.SubalitangSTRESSaynagiging
“DISTRESS”kungsumobraatmabilisnalu
malalanaathumahantongsa
pagkawalangbalansenatilahindni
akayangharapinangmgaproblema.
Angpagkakaroonngtamangkaalamantung
kolsatamangpagharapsa
“STRESS”ayhindinaturalsakaramihan.I
toaykailangangmatutunanatng magkaroo
ngkaukulangsandatasapagharapnglahatngp
aghamonsabuhay.
Itoaynagbibigaysaatinngbalansesabuhay
.Angtaoaydapatmatutong
mamuhayatharapinang“stress”athinddi
apatmalunodsagitnanito.

*PaanomapabutiangpagharapsaStress:

1.) Tumanggapngresponsibilidad
Dapat tanggapin natin naito ay
katotohanan ngbuhay at walang ibang
makakatulongs
atinkunghindiangatingsarili.Habangt
ayoayumiiwa sa
realidadnaitot,ayoaypatuloynasusunda
ngproblema.

2.) Magingmakatotohanan
Tingnanangsarilingbuhany aparangibangtaoat
isipinkunganoangdapat
baguhinsasar namakakatulongsapag-
aayosngbuhay.Matutongtanggapin
namaylimitasyonangiyongkakayahan.Hi
ndisalahatngorasaytamaka.
Hindliahatngbagayaykontroladomo.

3.) Alaminangsarilinglakasatkahinaan
Bigyanglunasangmgakakulanganatpatib
ayinpaangiyongpotensyal.Ang
kaalamantungkolsaiyongpotensyalayna
gbibigaysaiyongsandatasa
pagharapngmgaproblema.

4.) Huwagharapinangproblemangnag- isa

Humingingsuportasapamilyaatmgakaibig
an.Makinigsapayongibaat
matutongtimbanginkunganoangnakakatul
ong.Handaringtumulongsa
nangangailangan.

5.) Magingpositiboangpananawsabuhay
Tandaanganglahatngproblemaaymaysolus
yon.Hindimanitomagiging
madali,subalitmayroonkangmagagawaupa
ngitoaymaresolba.Masnagiging
magaananganumangproblemakungtam
angatingkaisipan.

6.) Iwasangkontrolinanglahatngbagay
Maymgasandalingkailanganglumayoatbi
tawanangmgapangyayariupang
masmagingpanatagangiyongkalooban.Hin
dilahatngbagayaykayamong
kontrolin.Matutongtanggapinangmgabag
aynahindki ayangbaguhin.

7.) Matutongmaging“Flexible”
Kungangunangsolusyonsaproblem
ayhindiepektibo,huwagmawalanng pag-
asa at humanap ng panibagong paraan. Ang
mga pagkakamaliay nagbibigayarala
tumutulongs
atinnabumuongpanibagongdesisyon.Ang
mahalaga,ikawaygumawanghakbangnaangpr
oblemaaymabigyang solusyonathindni
agpabaya.
8.) Harapinangproblemangisa-isa
Angpagharapsaproblemangsabay-
sabayaynagdudulotngkalituhanat
pagkabahala.Harapinangisangproblema,b
igyangsolusyonatsakabumaling
samgasusunodU.
nahinangmasnangangailanga ngsolusyon.

9.) Bigyangpansinangkalusugan
Angmalakasnapangangatawanaynagbibigaysaiy
ongresistensyanaharapin
ang anumang “STRESS”. Ang mahinang
katawanay nakakadagdag sa
hinaharapnaproblema.Mag-
ehersisyo,kumainngmasusustanyangpagkain
,
matulogngtam atumiwa sabisyo.

10.) Magbigayngora sapahinga

Maglaa
ngtamangpanahonparamakapagliwaliwkasa
m angpamily atmga
kaibigan.Binibigyankanitongpanahonn
amakapag-isipatpanahonna
makapagpahing
angisipatkatawanparamashandanaharapina
nganumang problema.

11.)
Alaminangmgasenyalesng“stress”sakata
wan
-Hirapmatulog
-Maslumakasuminomngalak
-Madalasmalungkot

-Madalingmagalitngwalangkadahilanan
-Madalasmagkasakit
 *DEFENSEMECHANISMS*

Ang “defensemechanism” aymgaparaa

ngpagharapsadki anais-naisatdi-
katanggap-
tanggapnamgapangyayariokilosngiba.
Itoaymaaaringangkopo taliwa
sanararapatnaparaa
ngpagharapsamgaproblema.
*Mgapositibong“DefenseMechanisms ”

1.) “Sublimation”

Itoayangpagtutuo
ngpansinsaisangkatanggap-
tanggapnabagayogawain
sahalipnagumamitngdahastungosaugatn
gproblema.

HaSl:ahalipnasaktanangkagalita,
nigsangtaoaypwedengsuma sasports
omag-
ehersisyoupangmailabasangnamumuo
n galit.

2.) “Problem-Solving”
Itoangpinaka-
epektibongpamamaraanngpaglutasngproble
masa pamamagitan ng masusing pag-aaral at
tamang pagbibigay solusyon sa
problemangkapaligiran.

3.) “Altruism”
Paramakaahonsaproblema,angisangtaoaymaa
ringtumulongsaibang
nangangailanganupan
gumandaangpakiramdamatgumaanangkalooban
.
Maaaringtumulongsaibahabangtinutulung
anangsarili.

HalH:
abangnaggingbiktimangbaha,angisang
taoaymaaringtumulongsa
ibapangbiktima.

4.) “Compensation”

Tinutumbasa
ngisangtaoangkanyangmgakakulanganspa
amamagita ng
pagsasanayatpagpapahusaysaibanglarang
an.

Hal:Angisangtaongmahinasapag-
aaralaymaaringmagsanayatmaging
mahusayn atleta.
 5.) “Acceptance/AimInhibition”

Maymgabagaynahindki
ayangkontrolink,
ungkaya’tmasmakakabutingitoay
tanggapinbilangbahagingbuhay.Maaari
ringbabaanangmgapangaraplalo
nakungi aaringabutin.
to’yhi
ndmi

Hal:Mababaangpinag-aralankungkaya’tdapa
tanggapinnamababaang
sahod.
Maaritongmagingnegatibodah pinuputonl
itoangkakayahangmangarap.

6.) “Compartmentalization”
Pinaghihiwalayangmgapangy
ayarai yonsasitwasyon.
HaAl:ngpangyayarsi
abahayayhinddi
inadalasatrabaho.

*MgaNegatibongDefenseMechanisms :

1.) “Displacement”

Angpagbabalingsanararamdaman
galito“stresss’ iabangtaodah hindito
kayangipadamasataongda adalasnanagigingbi
hila ngproblemaM. ktim ay
angmgawalangmalayowalangkakayahanglumaban
.

HaMl: aaaringibunto
ngisanginasakanyanganakangsobran
galitnahindi niyakayangsabihins
asawangnambababae.

2.) “Projection”

Paramapagtakpanangmgakakulangan,angi
sangtaoaymaaringibuntonang sissi
aibangtaoatanglahataymaykasalananli
bansakanya.

HalA: nglalakingnambababaeaymaaringpa
gbintanganangkanyangasawang
pangangaliwaupangpagtakpanangkanyangka
salanan.

3.) “Repression”

Itoayangparaanngpag-
iwassaproblemasapamamagitanngsapilitang
paglim opt ah ditoh, indhi
agbalewalani inaharapngisangtaoangtunay
toD.
naproblem atitoaynananat dah hindni
ahahanapa nglunas.

4.) “Malingering”

Itoaypagkukunwarinamaysakitupangma
iwasananghindikanais-naisna
pangyayari.
HalN: agkakasakitpagayawmagtrabaho
 5.) “Denial”

Itoayangpagtanggingtanggapinanganuman
gpangyayariupangmaiwasang
harapinangtunaynaproblema.

Hal: Itinatanggi ng isang tao na siya

ay maysakit upang maiwasang
magpagamotoharapinangkatotohanan.

6.) “Violence/aggression/vices”

Itoayangpaggamitn
galito“violence’sapagharapsa“stress
”oproblema.
Maariringbumalingsaalcoholodrogaupa
ngmakalimutanangproblema.
Hi alulutasangproblemasapamamagita
ndm ngisapangproblema.
i

7.) “Self-harming”
Angisangtaoaymaaringhumantongsapananakits
asar upangmaibsanang
“guiltfeelings”.Madalasayangpaghiwangpu
ls obrasotuwingmaymabigat
naprob aaaritonghumantongsakamatayan.
lemaM.

8.) “Withdrawal/Avoidance”

Angisangtaoaymaaringumiwasolumayo
saisang“stressful”nasitwasyono
pangyayari.
Hal:Upangmaiwasanangpagtatalongmag-
asawa,anglalakiaymaaring
ibalingangatensyonsaisan
gawaintuladngpanonoodngTVhabangnasa
bahay.Itoaymaaringpositibodah
naiiwasannitoan gul oconprontasyon
subalitkatuladng“denial”h, indni
itohinaharapangtunaynaproblema.

9.) “Rationalization”
Itoayangparaankungsaanbinibigya
ngisangtaongkatanggap-tanggapna
dahilanupangmapagtakpanangtunaynaka
hinaanokakulangan.

Ha“lS: our-
graping“”Oklangnahindai koma-
promotetotabl atap ako.Mas
kailanga ngib angpromotion”

Itoaypwedengpositibosubalititoayma
snegatibodah lumalabasnahindi
kayangisangtaoangpagkatalo.
 *”DEPRESSION”AT“SUICIDE”*

*Estatistikangmganagpapakamatay:

Masmaraminglalakai
ngnagpapakamataykaysababae
Lalaki4:sa100,000-
parehosalahatngantasngedad
Babae2s:a100,000-madala saedadna15-24

*Mgakadahilanan:

Angbawa’ taoayiba-
ibaangpamamaraanngpagharapsamgaproblema.
Walangnatatangingdahilannanagtutula
ksaisangtaonakitlinangsarili
niyangbuhay.Angproblemaayparatinati
nghinaharapsaaraw-araw.Kung
papaanonatinitohinaharapangnagbubukodtang
isabawatnilalang.Ang
mabigatnaproblemasais
aymaaaringtingna
ngibanabahagliangngpang- araw-
arawnadalahin.Angmgasumusunodayangma
dalanakadahilana ng
depresyonatpagpapakamatay:

Kawalan

nap-buhay -relasyon

-k-asyaakmit(taenramninal)

Matindingpangyayarsi abuhay
Kasaysaya ngpagpapakamataysapamilya
Pagpapakamataysanakaraan
*MgasenyalesngPlanongPagpapakamatay:

Nagsasalitatungkosl apagpapakamatay
 Nagsasalitatungkosl akamatayan
DepresyoMng:asintomas
-kawala ngpag-asaokawalnghala-
gsasoabsararnglungkot

-hind-miwaklaoastoublroagonsogbarnasatulog

-nawawala n ganasamgaGawain

Biglang pagbabago mulasasobrang

lungkot papuntang sobrang kasiyahan

Gumagawangmgapeligrongbagaytuladngmabil
isnapagmamaneh o
paggamitn
gdroga

Tumatawagodumadalawsamgakakilalaupangma
gpaalam
Inaayosangmgamahahalagangbagay

*Anoangiyongma
gagawa?

Huwagipagwalangbahal
angsinasabingisangtaotungkolsakanyang
kagustuhangmagpakamatay

Alaminkunganoangkanyangplanotugkolsapag
papakamatayupang
malama nghustoangiyon gagawin
Ipaalamsamahasl abuhaynahindsi iyanag-
iis atmarampi angdahilan
upangsiy aymabuhay
Ipaalamsaib
angplanongpagpapakamatayngmahasl abuhay

Hikayatin ang mahal sa buhay na

kumunsulta sa Mental Health
Professional
*Angpinaka-
epektibongparaannamaiwasanang“suic
ide”ayangmaagap
namalamanangmgasintomas,gumawangha
kbangatmalunasanang dahila
ngkagustuhangmamataytuladngdepresy
on.

TandaanA:ngDEPRESYONaymaylunas!
 REFERENCES

The elpSociaLl ayTopInternatio

Sel earningTreatment nalN, ew
Hf ModelD.
York2,
001.

Perfas,Fernando.TheProcessofBuildinga
TherapeuticEnvironment.
NewYorkU, SA2002.

TherapeuticCommunityMo aytopN,
dalityInternationalD, ewYork2, 003.

TherapeuticCommunityTrainingModules,Day
topInternational,NewYork,
2003.

Perfas,Fernando.DeconstructingtheTh
erapeuticCommunity,NewYork, USA2012.

DeLeon,George.PrisonBasedTherapeuticCo
Yo mmunityTreatment,New
rk
SA1, 998.
U,