IT Sem-3 Applied Mathematics (M3) Unit List

IT
Sem-3
Applied Mathematics (M3)
Unit list
Unit Unit name Topic name No. of
No. MCQs
Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary 15
Functions – 1
Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary 15
Functions – 2
Laplace Transform by Properties – 1 13
Laplace transform
``1 And Inverse
Laplace
Laplace Transform of Periodic Function 2
General Properties of Inverse Laplace 10
Transform
Convolution 3
2 Complex Variable Functions of a Complex Variable 15
3 Sets Sets- 47
4 Relation and Relation and Function 66
Function
Total 209
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1. Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary Functions – 1
This set of Engineering Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses
on “Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary Functions – 1”.
1. If f(t) = 1, then its Laplace Transform is given by?

a) s
b) 1⁄s
c) 1
d) Does not exist
Answer: b
Explanation: The Laplace Transform of a functions is given by
L{f(t)}=F(s)=∫∞0f(t)e−stdt
put f(t) = 1
On simplifying, we get 1⁄s.
2. If f(t) = tn where, ‘n’ is an integer greater than zero, then its Laplace Transform is
given by?
a) n!
b) tn+1
c) n! ⁄ sn+1
d) Does not exist
Answer: c
f(t) = tn
On simplifying, we get n! ⁄ sn+1.
3. If f(t)=√t, then its Laplace Transform is given by?

a) 1⁄2
b) 1⁄s
c) √π ⁄ 2√s
d) Does not exist
Answer: c
Put f(t)=√t
On Solving, we get √π ⁄ 2√s.
4. If f(t) = sin(at), then its Laplace Transform is given by?

a) cos(at)
b) 1 ⁄ asin(at)
c) Indeterminate
d) a ⁄ s2+a2
Answer: d
Put f(t) = sin(at)
On solving, we get a ⁄ s2+a2.
5. If f(t) = tsin(at) then its Laplace Transform is given by?

a) 2as ⁄ (s2+a2)2
b) a ⁄ s2+a2
c) Indeterminate
d) √π ⁄ 2√s
Answer: a
Put f(t) = tsin(at)
On Solving, we get 2as ⁄ (s2+a2)2.
6. If f(t) = eat, its Laplace Transform is given by?

a) a ⁄ s2+a2
b) √π ⁄ 2√s
c) 1 ⁄ s-a
d) Does not exist
Answer: c
Put f(t) = eat
On solving the above integral, we obtain 1 ⁄ s-a.
7. If f(t) = tp where p > – 1, its Laplace Transform is given by?

a) √π ⁄ 2√s
b) f(t) = tsin(at)
c) γ(p+1) ⁄ sp+1
d) Does not exist
Answer: d
Put f(t) = tp
On Solving, we get γ(p+1) ⁄ sp+1.
8. If f(t) = cos(at), its Laplace transform is given by?
a) s ⁄ s2+a2
b) a ⁄ s2+a2
c) √π ⁄ 2√s
d) Does not exist
Answer: a
Put f(t) = cos(at)
On solving the above integral, we get s ⁄ s2+a2.
9. If f(t) = tcos(at), its Laplace transform is given by?

a) 1 ⁄ s-a
b) s2 – a2 ⁄ (s2+a2)2
c) Indeterminate
d) s2at
Answer: b
Put f(t) = tcos(at)
On solving the above integral, using suitable rules of integration we get the answer
s2 – a2 ⁄ (s2+a2)2.
10. If f(t) = sin(at) – atcos(at), then its Laplace transform is given by?
a) Indeterminate form is encountered
b) a3 ⁄ (s2 + a2)2
c) 2a3 ⁄ (s2 – a2)2
d) 2a3 ⁄ (s2 + a2)2
Answer: d
Put f(t) = sin(at) – atcos(at)
On solving the above integral, we obtain the answer2 a3 ⁄ (s2 + a2)2.
11. If f(t) = sin(at) – atcos(at), then its Laplace transform is given by?
Answer: d
Put f(t) = sin(at) – atcos(at)
On solving, we obtain 2as2 ⁄ (s2+a2)2
12. If f(t) = cos(at) – atsin(at), then its Laplace transform is given by?
Answer: b
Put f(t) = cos(at) – atsin(at)
On solving, we obtain a3 ⁄ (s2 + a2)2.
13. If f(t) = cos(at) + atsin(at), its Laplace transform is given by?
Answer: c
Put f(t) = cos(at) + atsin(at) to solve the problem.
14. If f(t) = sin(at + b), its Laplace transform is given by?
Answer: b
Put f(t) = sin(at + b) to solve the problem.
15. If f(t) = cos(at + b), its Laplace transform is given by?
Answer: c
Explanation:The Laplace Transform of a functions is given by
Put f(t) = cos(at + b) to solve the problem.
Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary Functions – 2
This set of Engineering Mathematics Questions and Answers for Aptitude test focuses
on “Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary Functions – 2”.
1. If f(t) = sinhat, then its Laplace transform is?

a) eat
b) s ⁄ s2-a2
c) a ⁄ s2-a2
d) Exists only if ‘t’ is complex
Answer: c
Explanation: The Laplace transform of a function is given by
{f(t)}=F(s)=∫∞0f(t)e−stdt
put f(t) = sinhat
On solving, a ⁄ s2-a2 is obtained.
2. If f(t) = coshat, its Laplace transform is given by?

a) s ⁄ s2-a2
b) s+a ⁄ s-a
c) Indeterminate
d) (sinh(at))2
Answer: a
put f(t) = coshat
On solving, s ⁄ s2-a2 is obtained.
3. If f(t) = eat sin(bt), then its Laplace transform is given by?
a) s2-a2 ⁄ (s – a)2
b) b ⁄ (s + a)2 + b2
c) b ⁄ (s – a)2 + b2
d) Indeterminate
Answer: c
put f(t) = eatsin(bt)
On solving, we get the b ⁄ (s – a)2 + b2.
4. If f(t) = eat cos(bt), then its Laplace transform is?

a) 2a3 ⁄ (s2 + a2)
b) s+a ⁄ s-a
c) Indeterminate
d) s-a ⁄ (s – a)2 + b2
Answer: d
put f(t) = eatcos(bt)
Solve the above integral, to obtain s-a ⁄ (s – a)2 + b2.
5. If f(t) = eat sinh(bt) then its Laplace transform is?

a) e-as ⁄ s
b) s+a ⁄ (s – a)2 + b2
c) b ⁄ (s – a)2 – b2
d) Does not exist
Answer: c
put f(t) = eatsinh(bt)
On solving, we get the b ⁄ (s – a)2 – b2.
6. If f(t) = 1⁄a sinh(at), then its Laplace transform is?
a) 1⁄s2-a2
b) 2a ⁄ (s – b)2 + b2
c) n! ⁄ (s – a)n-1
d) Does not exist
Answer: a
put f(t) = f(t) = 1⁄a sinh(at)
On solving the above integral, we get the 1⁄s2-a2.
7. If f(t) = tn ⁄ n, then its Laplace transform is?
Answer: d
put f(t) = tn ⁄ n
On solving, we obtain the Laplace transform of the required function.
8. If f(t) = 1 ⁄ √Πt, then its Laplace transform is?
Answer: b
put f(t) = 1 ⁄ √Πt
The solution for the above question is obtained by solving the above integral
9. If f(t) = t⁄2 a sinat, then its Laplace transform is?

a) b ⁄ (s + a)2 + b2
b) 2a ⁄ (s – b)2 + b2
c) Indeterminate
d) s ⁄ (s2 + a2)2
Answer: d
put f(t) = t⁄2a sinat
Integrate to obtain, the required transform s ⁄ (s2 + a2)2.
10. If f(t) = δ(t), then its Laplace transform is?

a) s + a ⁄ (s – a)2 + b2
b) a3 ⁄ (s2 + a2)2
c) 1
d) Does not exist
Answer: c
put f(t) = δ(t)
Solve the above integral to obtain 1 as RHS.
11. If f(t) = te-at, then its Laplace transform is?
Answer: a
put f(t) = te-at
On solving, the required answer is obtained.
12. If f(t) = u(t), then its Laplace transform is?
Answer: b
put f(t) = u(t) to solve the problem.
13. f(t) = t, then its Laplace transform is?
Answer: d
put f(t) = t to solve the problem.
Answer: d
put f(t) = 1⁄b eatsinh(bt) to solve the problem.
15. If L { f(t) } = F(s), then L {kf(t)} = ?

a) F(s)
b) k F(s)
c) Does not exist
d) F(s⁄k)
Answer: b
Explanation: This is the Linearity property of Laplace transform.
Laplace Transform by Properties – 1

This set of Engineering Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Laplace Transform by Properties – 1”.
1. Laplace of function f(t) is given by?
a) F(s)=∫∞−∞f(t)e−stdt
b) F(t)=∫∞−∞f(t)e−tdt
c) f(s)=∫∞−∞f(t)e−stdt
d) f(t)=∫∞−∞f(t)e−tdt
Answer: a
Explanation: Laplace of function f(t) is given by
F(s)=∫∞−∞f(t)e−stdt.
2. Laplace transform any function changes it domain to s-domain.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Laplace of function f(t) is given by F(s)=∫∞−∞f(t)e−st, hence it
changes domain of function from one domain to s-domain.
3. Laplace transform if sin⁡(at)u(t) is?

a) s ⁄ a2+s2
b) a ⁄ a2+s2
c) s2 ⁄ a2+s2
d) a2 ⁄ a2+s2
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that,
F(s)=∫∞−∞sin(at)u(t)e−stdt=∫∞0sin(at)e−stdt
4. Laplace transform if cos⁡(at)u(t) is?

a) s ⁄ a2+s2
b) a ⁄ a2+s2
c) s2 ⁄ a2+s2
d) a2 ⁄ a2+s2
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that,
5. Find the laplace transform of et Sin(t).
6. Laplace transform of t2 sin⁡(2t).
7. Find the laplace transform of t5⁄2.
Answer: b
Explanation:
8. Value of ∫∞−∞etSin(t)Cos(t)dt = ?
a) 0.5
b) 0.75
c) 0.2
d) 0.71
Answer: c
Explanation: L(Sin(2t)) = ∫∞−∞e−stSin(2t)dt = 2/(s2 + 4)
Putting s=-1
∫∞−∞etSin(2t)dt = 0.4
hence,
∫∞−∞e−stSin(t)Cos(t)dt = 0.2.
9. Value of ∫∞−∞etSin(t)dt = ?
a) 0.50
b) 0.25
c) 0.17
d) 0.12
Answer: a
Explanation: L(Sin(2t)) = ∫∞−∞e−stSin(t)dt = 1/(s2 + 1)
Putting s = -1
∫∞−∞etSin(t)dt = 0.5.
10. Value of ∫∞−∞etlog(1+t)dt = ?

a) Sum of infinite integers
b) Sum of infinite factorials
c) Sum of squares of Integers
d) Sum of square of factorials
Answer: b
Explanation:
∫∞−∞et(t−t2/2+t3/3−….)dt
∫∞−∞tetdt=0.5∫∞−∞tetdt
Now,
∫∞−∞tetdt–1/2∫∞−∞t2etdt+(1/3)∫∞−∞t3etdt−………
Now, ∫∞−∞tnetdt=n!/(−1)n+1
Hence,
∫∞−∞tnetdt=1–(1/2)(2!/(−1)3)+(1/3)(3!/)−…….
∫∞−∞tnetdt = 0! + 1! + 2! + 3! +…. = Sum of infinite factorials.
11. Find the laplace transform of y(t)=et.t.Sin(t)Cos(t).
12. Find the value of ∫∞0tsin(t)cos(t).

a) s ⁄ s2+22
b) a ⁄ a2+s4
c) 1
d) 0
13. Find the laplace transform of y(t)=e|t-1| u(t).
This set of Engineering Mathematics Questions and Answers for Campus
interviews focuses on “Laplace Transform By Properties – 2”.
1. 1. Transfer function may be defined as ____________
a) Ratio of out to input
b) Ratio of laplace transform of output to input
c) Ratio of laplace transform of output to input with zero initial conditions
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Explanation: Transfer function may be defined as the ratio of laplace
transform of output to input with zero initial conditions.
2. Poles of any transfer function is define as the roots of equation of denominator

of transfer function.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Let transfer function be defined as G(s)/H(s), then poles of
transfer function may be defined as H(s)=0.
3. Zeros of any transfer function is define as the roots of equation of numerator

of transfer function.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Let transfer function be defined as G(s)/H(s), then zeros of
transfer function may be defined as G(s)=0.
4. Find the poles of transfer function which is defined by input x(t)=5Sin(t)-u(t)

and output y(t)=Cos(t)-u(t).
a) 4.79, 0.208
b) 5.73, 0.31
c) 5.89, 0.208
d) 5.49, 0.308
5. Find the equation of transfer function which is defined by y(t)-∫0t y(t)dt
+ d⁄dt x(t) – 5Sin(t) = 0.
6. Find the poles of transfer function given by system d2⁄dt2 y(t) – d⁄dt y(t) + y(t)
– ∫0t x(t)dt = x(t).
a) 0, 0.7 ± 0.466
b) 0, 2.5 ± 0.866
c) 0, 0 .5 ± 0.866
d) 0, 1.5 ± 0.876
7. Find the transfer function of a system given by equation d2⁄dt2 y(t-a) + x(t) +
5 d⁄dt y(t) = x(t-a).
a) (e-as-s)/(1+e-as s2)
b) (e-as-5s)/(e-as s2)
c) (e-as-s)/(2+e-as s2)
d) (e-as-5s)/(1+e-as s2)
Answer: d
Explanation: Given, d2⁄dt2 y(t-a) + x(t) + 5 d⁄dt y(t) = x(t-a).
Taking laplace transform, s2 Y(s) e-sa + X(s) + 5sY(s) = e-as X(s)
Hence, H(s) = Y(s)⁄X(s) =(e-as-5s)/(1+e-as s2).
8. Any system is said to be stable if and only if ____________

a) It poles lies at the left of imaginary axis
b) It zeros lies at the left of imaginary axis
c) It poles lies at the right of imaginary axis
d) It zeros lies at the right of imaginary axis
Answer: a
Explanation: Any system is said to be stable if and only if it poles lies at the left
of imaginary axis.
9. The system given by equation 5 d3⁄dt3 y(t) + 10 d⁄dt y(t) – 5y(t) = x(t) +
∫0t x(t)dt, is?
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Has poles 0, 0.455, -0.236±1.567
d) Has zeros 0, 0.455, -0.226±1.467
10. Find the laplace transform of input x(t) if the system given by d3⁄dt3 y(t) –
2 d2⁄dt2 y(t) –d⁄dt y(t) + 2y(t) = x(t), is stable.
a) s + 1
b) s – 1
c) s + 2
d) s – 2
Answer: b
Explanation: d3⁄dt3 y(t) – 2 d2⁄dt2 y(t) – d⁄dt y(t) + 2y(t) = x(t),
Taking laplace transform,
(s3 – 2s2 – s + 2)Y(s) = X(s)
H(s) = Y(s)⁄X(s) = 1⁄(s-1)(s+1)(s+2)
For the system to be stable, X(s) = s – 1.
11. The system given by equation y(t – 2a) – 3y(t – a) + 2y(t) = x(t – a) is?
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Marginally stable
d) 0
This set of Engineering Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses
on “Laplace Transform by Properties – 3”.
𝒔
1. Time domain function of 𝒂𝟐 +𝒔𝟐 is given by ?
a) Cos(at)
b) Sin(at)
c) Cos(at)Sin(at)
d) Sin(t)
𝒔
2. Inverse Laplace of is ?
(𝒔+𝟏)(𝒔−𝟏)(𝒔+𝟐)
a) –1⁄2 et + 1⁄6 e-t + 1⁄3 e2t
b) –1⁄2 e-t + 1⁄6 et + 1⁄3 e-2t
c) 1⁄2 e-t – 1⁄6 et – 1⁄3 e-2
d) –1⁄2 e-t + 1⁄6 e-t + 1⁄3 e-2
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝒔
3. Find the inverse Laplace transform of .
(𝒔𝟐+𝟏)(𝒔−𝟏)(𝒔+𝟓)
a) 1⁄12 et – 1⁄13 Cos(-t) – 1⁄12 Sin(-t) – 1⁄156 e-5t

b) 1⁄12 e-t – 1⁄13 Cos(t) – 1⁄12 Sin(t) – 1⁄156 e5t
c) 1⁄12 et – 1⁄13 Cos(t) – 1⁄12 Sin(t) – 1⁄156 e-5t
d) 1⁄12 et + 1⁄13 Cos(t) + 1⁄12 Sin(t) + 1⁄156 e-5t
𝒔
4. Inverse Laplace of (𝒔−𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔+𝟓)
is?
a) 1⁄6 e – t – 1⁄36 et + 1⁄36 e-5t
b) 1⁄6 ett – 1⁄36 et + 1⁄36 e-5t
c) 1⁄6 e-tt2 – 1⁄36 e-t + 1⁄36 e5t
d) 1⁄6 e-t t-1⁄36 e-t + 1⁄36 e5t
𝒔
5. Find the Laplace transform of 𝟐 .
(𝒔𝟐+𝟒)
a) 1⁄4 sin(2t)
b) t2⁄4 sin(2t)
c) t⁄4 sin(2t)
d) t⁄4 sin(2t2)
6. Final value theorem states that _________
a) x(0)=limx→∞sX(s)
b) x(∞)=limx→∞sX(s)
c) x(0)=limx→0sX(s)
d) x(∞)=limx→0sX(s)
Answer: d
Explanation: Final value theorem states that
x(∞)=limx→0sX(s)
7. Initial value theorem states that ___________

a) x(0)=limx→∞sX(s)
b) x(∞)=limx→∞sX(s)
c) x(0)=limx→0sX(s)
d) x(∞)=limx→0sX(s)
Answer: a
Explanation: Initial value theorem states that
x(0)=limx→∞sX(s)
8. Find the value of x(∞) if
a) 5
b) 4
c) 12⁄20
d) 2
Answer: c
Explanation:
Given, X(s)=2s2+5s+12/ss3+4s2+14s+20
Hence, sX(s)=2s3+5s2+12s3+4s2+14s+20
Hence, by final value theorem,
x(∞)=limx→0sX(s)=1220
9. Find the value of x(0) if
a) 5
b) 4
c) 12
d) 2
10. Find the inverse lapace of
a) 1⁄3 et [Cos(t) – Cos(2t)].

b) 1⁄3 e-t [Cos(t) + Cos(2t)].
c) 1⁄3 et [Cos(t) + Cos(2t)].
d) 1⁄3 e-t [Cos(t) – Cos(2t)].
11. Find the inverse laplace transform of
a) -e-t + 1 + et – 1
b) -e-t + 1 – et + 1
c) -e-t + 1 + et + 1
d) -e-t + 1 – et – 1
12. Find the inverse laplace transform of
Laplace Transform of Periodic Function
This set of Ordinary Differential Equations Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Laplace Transform of Periodic Function”.
1. Find the laplace transform of f(t), where

f(t) = 1 for 0 < t < a
-1 for a < t < 2a
2. Find the laplace transform of f(t), where f(t) = |sin(pt)| and t>0.
General Properties of Inverse Laplace Transform
This set of Ordinary Differential Equations Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
(MCQs) focuses on “General Properties of Inverse Laplace Transform”.
1. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{s+3}{4s^2+9})\).
a) \(\frac{1}{4} cos⁡(\frac{3t}{2})+\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\frac{3t}{2})\)
b) \(\frac{1}{4} cos⁡(\frac{3t}{4})+\frac{1}{2} sin⁡(\frac{3t}{2})\)
c) \(\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\frac{3t}{2})+\frac{1}{2} sin⁡(\frac{3t}{2})\)
d) \(\frac{1}{4} cos⁡(\frac{3t}{2})+\frac{1}{2} sin⁡(\frac{3t}{2})\)
Answer: d
Explanation: In the given question
=\(\frac{1}{4} L^{-1}\left (\frac{s+3}{s^2+\frac{9}{4}}\right )\)
=\(\frac{1}{4} \Big\{L^{-1}\left (\frac{s}{s^2+\frac{9}{4}}\right)+L^{-1}\left
(\frac{3}{s^2+\frac{9}{4}}\right)\Big\}\)
=\(\frac{1}{4} \Big\{cos⁡(\frac{3t}{2})+2 sin⁡(\frac{3t}{2})\Big\}\)
=\(\frac{1}{4} cos⁡(\frac{3t}{2})+\frac{1}{2} sin⁡(\frac{3t}{2})\).
2. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{1}{(s+2)^4})\).

a) \(e^{-2t}×3\)
b) ⁡\(e^{-2t}×\frac{t^3}{3}\)
c) \(e^{-2t}×\frac{t^3}{6}\)
d) \(e^{-2t}×\frac{t^2}{6}\)
Answer: c
Explanation: In the given question,
\(L^{-1} (\frac{1}{(s+2)^4})=e^{-2t} L^{-1} \frac{1}{s^4}\) —————– By the
first shifting property
=\(e^{-2t}×\frac{t^3}{3!}\)
=\(e^{-2t}×\frac{t^3}{6}\).
3. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{s}{(s-1)^7})\).

a) \(e^{-t} \left (\frac{t^6}{5!}+\frac{t^5}{6!}\right )\)
b) \(e^t \left (\frac{t^6}{5!}+\frac{t^5}{6!}\right )\)
c) \(e^t \left (\frac{t^6}{6!}+\frac{t^5}{5!}\right )\)
d) \(e^{-t} \left (\frac{t^6}{6!}+\frac{t^5}{5!}\right )\)
Answer: c
=\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s-1+1}{(s-1)^7}\right)\)
=\(e^t L^{-1} \left (\frac{s+1}{s^7}\right)\)
=\(e^t L^{-1} \left (\frac{1}{s^7}+\frac{1}{s^6}\right)\)
=\(e^t \left (\frac{t^6}{6!}+\frac{t^5}{5!}\right)\)
4. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{s}{2s+9+s^2})\).

a) \(e^{-t} \{cos⁡(2\sqrt{2t})-sin⁡(\sqrt{2t})\}\)
b) \(e^{-t} \{cos⁡(2\sqrt{2t})-sin⁡(2\sqrt{2t})\}\)
c) \(e^{-t} \{cos⁡(2\sqrt{2t})-cos(\sqrt{2t})\}\)
d) \(e^{-2t} \{cos⁡(2\sqrt{2t})-sin⁡(2\sqrt{2t})\}\
Answer: b
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s}{2s+9+s^2}\right )=L^{-1} \left
(\frac{s}{(s+1)^2}+8)\right )\)
=\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{(s+1)-1}{(s+1)^2+8}\right )\)
=\(e^{-t} L^{-1} \left (\frac{(s-1)}{s^2+8}\right )\) ———————–By First
Shifting Property
=\(e^{-t} L^{-1} \left (\frac{s}{s^2+8}\right )-e^{-t} L^{-1} \left
(\frac{1}{s^2+8}\right )\)
=\(e^{-t} \{cos⁡(2\sqrt{2t})-sin⁡(2\sqrt{2t})\}\).
5. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{(s+1)}{(s+2)(s+3)}\right )\).

a) 2e-3t-e-2t
b) 3e-3t-e-2t
c) 2e-3t-3e-2t
d) 2e-2t-e-t
Answer: a
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{(s+1)}{(s+2)(s+3)}\right )=L^{-1} \left (\frac{2(s+2)-
(s+3)}{(s+2)(s+3)}\right )\)
=\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{2}{(s+3)}\right )+L^{-1} \left (\frac{1}{(s+2)}\right )\)
=2e-3t-e-2t.
6. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{(3s+9)}{(s+1)(s-1)(s-2)}\right )\).
a) e-t+6et+5e2t
b) e-t-et+5e2t
c) e-3t-6et+5e2t
d) e-t-6et+5e2t
Answer: d
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{(3s+9)}{(s+1)(s-1)(s-2)}\right )\)
=\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{1}{(s+1)}\right )-6L^{-1} \left (\frac{-6}{(s-1)}\right
)+5L^{-1} \left (\frac{-6}{(s-2)}\right ) \)————-Using properties of Partial
Fractions
=e-t-6et+5e2t.
7. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{1}{(s^2+4)(s^2+9)})\).

a) \(\frac{1}{5} \left (\frac{sin⁡(2t)}{2}-\frac{sin⁡(t)}{3}\right )\)
b) \(\frac{1}{5} \left (\frac{sin⁡(2t)}{2}+\frac{sin⁡(3t)}{3}\right )\)
c) \(\frac{1}{5} \left (\frac{sin⁡(t)}{2}-\frac{sin⁡(3t)}{3}\right )\)
d) \(\frac{1}{5} \left (\frac{sin⁡(2t)}{2}-\frac{sin⁡(3t)}{3}\right )\)
Answer: d
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{1}{(s^2+4)(s^2+9)}\right)\)
=\(\frac{1}{5} L^{-1} \left (\frac{5}{(s^2+4)(s^2+9)}\right)\)
=\(\frac{1}{5} L^{-1} \left (\frac{(s^2+9)-(s^2+4)}{(s^2+4)(s^2+9)}\right)\)
=\(\frac{1}{5} L^{-1} \left (\frac{1}{(s^2+4)}\right )-\frac{1}{5} L^{-1} \left
(\frac{1}{(s^2+9)}\right)\)
=\(\frac{1}{5} \left (\frac{sin⁡(2t)}{2}-\frac{sin⁡(3t)}{3}\right)\).
8. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s}{(s^2+1)(s^2+2)(s^2+3)}\right )\).

a) \(\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(t)-cos⁡(\sqrt3t)-\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\sqrt3t)\)
b) \(\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(t)+cos⁡(\sqrt2t)-\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\sqrt3t)\)
c) \(\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(t)-cos⁡(\sqrt2t)-\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\sqrt3t)\)
d) \(\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(t)+cos⁡(\sqrt2t)+\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\sqrt3t)\)
Answer: c
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s}{(s^2+1)(s^2+2)(s^2+3)}\right )\)
=\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{(s^2+1)}+\frac{(-
1)}{(s^2+2)}+\frac{\frac{(-1)}{2}}{(s^2+3)}\right )\) ——————-By method
of Partial fractions
=\(\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(t)-cos⁡(\sqrt2t)-\frac{1}{2} cos⁡(\sqrt3t)\).
9. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s+1}{(s-1)(s+2)^2}\right )\).

a) \(\frac{2}{7} e^t-\frac{2}{9} e^{-2t}+\frac{1}{3} e^{-2t}×t\)
b) \(\frac{2}{9} e^t-\frac{2}{9} e^{-2t}+\frac{1}{3} e^{-2t}×t\)
c) \(\frac{2}{9} e^t-\frac{2}{9} e^{-3t}+\frac{1}{3} e^{-2t}×t\)
d) \(\frac{2}{9} e^t-\frac{2}{9} e^{-2t}+\frac{1}{3} e^{-2t}\)
Answer: b
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s+1}{(s-1)(s+2)^2}\right )\)
Using properties of partial fractions-
s+1=A(s+2)2+B(s-1)(s+2)+C(s-1)
At s=1, A=\(\frac{2}{9}\)
At s=2, C=\(\frac{1}{3}\)
At s=0, B=\(\frac{-2}{9}\)
Re substituting all these values in the original fraction,
=\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{2}{9(s-1)} + \frac{-2}{9(s+2)} +
\frac{1}{3(s+2)^2}\right)\)
=\(\frac{2}{9} e^t-\frac{2}{9} e^{-2t}+\frac{1}{3} e^{-2t}×t\).
10. The \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{3s+8}{s^2+4s+25}\right )\) is \(e^{-st}

(3cos(\sqrt{21}t+\frac{2sin⁡(\sqrt{21}t)}{\sqrt{21}})\). What is the value of s?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: c
\(L^{-1} \left (\frac{3s+8}{s^2+4s+25}\right )=L^{-1} \left
(\frac{3(s+2)+2}{(s+2)^2+21}\right )\)
By the first shifting property
=\(e^{-2t} L^{-1} \left (\frac{3s+2}{s^2+21}\right )\)
=\(e^{-2t} L^{-1} \left (\frac{3s}{s^2+21}\right )+e^{-2t} L^{-1} \left
(\frac{2}{s^2+21}\right )\)
=\(e^{-2t} (3cos⁡(\sqrt{21}t+\frac{2sin⁡(\sqrt{21}t)}{\sqrt{21}})\).
Convolution
This set of Ordinary Differential Equations Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
(MCQs) focuses on “Convolution”.
Functions of a Complex Variable
This set of Complex Analysis Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Functions of a Complex Variable”.
1. Find the domain of the function defined by f(z)=z/(z+z̅ ).

a) Im(z)≠0
b) Re(z)≠0
c) Im(z)=0
d) Re(z)=0
Answer: b
Explanation: Write z=x+iy ⇒ f(x+iy)=(x+iy)/(x+iy+x-iy)=(x+iy)/2x
=1/2+iy/2x ⇒ x≠0 ⇒ Re(z)≠0 .
2. Let f(z)=z+1/z. What will be the definition of this function in polar form?
a) (r+1/r)cosθ+i(r-1/r)sinθ
b) (r-1/r)cosθ+i(r+1/r)sinθ
c) (r+1/r)sinθ+i(r-1/r)cosθ
d) (r+1/r)sinθ+i(r-1/r)cosθ
Answer: a
Explanation: Write z=r(cosθ+isinθ), therefore,
f(z)=z+1/z=r(cosθ+isinθ)+1/[r(cosθ+isinθ)]
=reiθ+(1/r)e-iθ=r(cosθ+isinθ)+1/r(cosθ-isinθ)=(r+1/r)cosθ+i(r-1/r)sinθ.
3. For the function f(z)=zi, what is the value of |f(ω)|+Arg f(ω), ω being the cube root
of unity with Im(ω)>0?
a) e-2π/3
b) e2π/3
c) e-2π/3+2π/3
d) e-2π/3-2π/3
Answer: a
Explanation: Let y=zi⇒ ln y=iln z=i(ln |z|+iarg z)=iln |z|-arg z
⇒ y=eiln |z|/earg z ⇒ |y|=earg z and Arg y=ln |z| ⇒ |f(ω)|+Arg f(ω)=e-2π/3+0=e-2π/3.
4. Let f(z)=(z2–z–1)7. If α2+α+1=0 and Im(α)>0, then find f(α).
a) 128α
b) -128α
c) 128α2
d) -128α2
Answer: c
Explanation: Note that α=ω. Therefore, f(α)=f(ω)=(ω 2–ω–1)7
=(ω2+ω2)7=(2ω2)7=27ω14=128ω2=128α2.
5. For all complex numbers z satisfying Im(z)≠0, if f(z)=z 2+z+1 is a real valued
function, then find its range.
a) (-∞, -1]
b) (-∞, 1/3)
c) (-∞, 1/2]
d) (-∞, 3/4)
Answer: d
Explanation: Let y=f(z). then z2+z+1=y has imaginary roots (∵Im(z)≠0)
⇒ D<0 ⇒ 1–4(1–y)<0 ⇒ 4y<3 ⇒ y<3/4 . Also, putting Re z=-1/2 and Im z=∞, we
get, f(z)=-∞.
6. Let x, y, z be integers, not all simultaneously equal. If ω is a cube root of unity with
Im(ω)≠1, and if f(z)=az2+bz+c, then find the range of |f(ω)|.
a) (0, ∞)
b) [1, ∞)
c) (√3/2, ∞)
d) [1/2, ∞)
Answer: b
Explanation: ω=-1/2+i√3/2. Therefore, |f(ω)|=|a+b(-1/2+i√3/2)+c(-1/2-i√3/2)|
=|(2a-b-c)/2+i(b√3-c√3)/2|=1/2[(2a-b-c)2+3(b-c)2]1/2={1/2[(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-
a)2]}1/2. Putting b=c=0 and a=1 gives us the minimum value=1, while, a=∞ gives
us the maximum value=∞.
7. Let f(z)=arg 1/(1 – z), then find the range of f(z) for |z|=1, z≠1.
a) (-∞, π/2)
b) (-π/2, π/2)
c) (-∞, ∞)
d) [0, π/2)
Answer: b
Explanation: Let y=1/(1-z) ⇒ z=1-1/y
|z|=1 ⇒ |1-1/y|=1 ⇒ |y-1|=|y| ⇒ locus of y is the perpendicular bisector of line
segment joining 0 and 1 ⇒ arg y ∈(-π/2, π/2).
8. Define f(z)=z2+bz−1=0 and g(z)=z2+z+b=0. If there exists α satisfying

f(α)=g(α)=0, which of the following cannot be a value of b?
a) √3i
b) -√3i
c) 0
d) √3i/2
Answer: d
Explanation: α2+bα−1=0 and α2+α+b=0 ⇒ (b−1)α−1−b=0 ⇒ α=(b+1)/(b-1)
⇒ (b+1)2/(b-1)2+(b+1)/(b-1)+b=0 ⇒ b=√3i, -√3i, 0.
9. Let f(z)=2(z+z̅ )+3i(z-z̅ ) and g(z)=|z|. f(z)=2 divides the region g(z)≤6 into two
parts. If Q={(2+3i/4), (5/2+3i/4), (1/4-i/4), (1/8+i/4)}, then find the number of
elements of Q lying inside the smaller part.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation: Writing z=x+iy, we get L as 2x–3y–1 and S as x2+y2–6, a point z1 lies in
the smaller region if L1>0 and S1<0. ∴ (2+3i/4) and (1/4-i/4) lie in the smaller
region.
10. Find the range of the function defined by f(z)=Re[2iz/(1-z2)].

a) (−∞, 0) ⋃ (0, ∞)
b) [2, ∞)
c) (−∞, −1] ⋃ [1, ∞)
d) (−∞, 0] ⋃ [2, ∞)
Answer: c
Explanation: z=2i(x+iy)/(1-(x+iy)2)=2i(x+iy)/(1-(x2-y2+2ixy))
Using 1-x2=y2, z=(2ix-2y)/(2y2-2ixy)=-1/y
∵ –1≤y≤1 ⇒ –1/y≤-1 or -1/y≥1.
11. Let f(z)=|z|2+Re z(2(z+z̅ )+3(z-z̅ )/2i, the find the maximum value of |z|2/f(z).
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation: Write z=|z|(cosθ+isinθ) ⇒ |z|2/f(z)=1/(1+4cos2θ+3sinθcosθ)
=1/(1+4cos2θ+3/2sin2θ)=1/[2(1+cos2θ)+1+3/2sin2θ].
Now, 2(1+cos2θ)+1+3/2sin2θ=3+2cos2θ+3/2sin2θ≥3-(4+9/4)1/2=1/2.
Hence, maximum value is 2.
12. Consider a function f(z) of degree two, having real coefficients. If z 1 and z2 satisfying
f(z1)=f(z2)=0 are such that Re z1=Re z2=0 and if z3 satisfies f(f(z3))=0, then select
the correct statement.
a) Re z3=0
b) Im z3=0
c) Re z3×Imz3≠0
d) Re z3=0 and Im z3=0
Answer: c
Explanation: f(z)=az2+b, with a, b of same sign ⇒ f(f(z))=a(az2+b)2+b
If z∈R or iz∈R ⇒ z2∈R ⇒ f(z)∈R ⇒ f(f(z))≠0 ⇒ Hence real or purely imaginary
number cannot satisfy f(f(z))=0.
13. Let f(z)=|1–z|, if zk=cos(2kπ/10)+isin(2kπ/10), then find the value of

f(z1)×f(z2)×…×f(z9).
a) 10
b) 15
c) 20
d) 30
Answer: a
Explanation: z10–1=(z-1)(z-z1)…(z-z9) ⇒ (z-z1)(z-z2) …(z-z9)=1+z+z2+…+z9.
Now, putting z=1, we get, (z-z1)(z-z2)…(z-z9)=f(z1)×f(z2)×…×f(z9)=10.
14. For a∈R, let f(z)=z5-5z+a. Select the correct statement for α satisfying f(α)=0.
a) α has exactly three possible real values for a>4
b) α has exactly one possible real value for a>4
c) α has exactly three possible real values for a<-4
d) α has exactly one possible real value for -4<a<4
Answer: b
Explanation: z5-5z+a=0 ⇒ z5-5z=-a ⇒ z(z-51/4)(z+51/4)(z2+51/2)=-a f'(z)=5z4–
5=0 ⇒ (z2+1)(z2-1)=0 ⇒ (z-1)(z+1)(z2+1)=0 ⇒ α has exactly one possible real
value for a>4 and exactly three possible real values for -4<a<4.
15. Let f(z)=z4+a1z3+a2z2+a3z+a4=0; a1, a2, a3, a4 being real and non-zero. If f has a
purely imaginary root, then what is the value of the expression a3/(a1a2)+
a1a4/(a2a3) ?
a) 0
b) 1
c) -2
d) 2
Answer: b
Explanation: For real x(≠0), let ix be the root⇒x4-a1x3i- a2x2+a3xi+a4=0⇒x4-
a2x2+a4=0 and a1x3-a3x=0
a1x3-a3x=0 ⇒ a1x2-a3=0 ⇒x2=a3/a1, putting this value in the equation,
a3/(a1a2)+a1a4/(a2a3)=1.
SETS
Types of Set
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of
Set”.
1. {x: x is an integer neither positive nor negative} is ________
a) Empty set
b) Non-empty set
c) Finite set
d) Non- empty and Finite set
Answer: d
Explanation: Set = {0} non-empty and finite set.
2. {x: x is a real number between 1 and 2} is an ________
a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
Answer: a
Explanation: It is an infinite set as there are infinitely many real number between any two different real
numbers.
3. Write set {1, 5, 15, 25,…} in set-builder form.
a) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a real number}
b) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a integer}
c) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is an odd natural number}
d) {x: x=5n, where n is a natural number}
Answer: c
Explanation: Set should include 1 or an odd multiple of 5.
4. Express {x: x= n/ (n+1), n is a natural number less than 7} in roster form.
a) {1⁄2, 2⁄3, 4⁄5, 6⁄7}
b) {1⁄2, 2⁄3, 3⁄4, 4⁄5, 5⁄6, 6⁄7, 7⁄8}
c) {1⁄2, 2⁄3, 3⁄4, 4⁄5, 5⁄6, 6⁄7}
d) Infinite set
Answer: c
Explanation: n/(n+1) = 1/(1+1) = 1⁄2 and n>7.
5. Number of power set of {a, b}, where a and b are distinct elements.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 5
Answer: b
Explanation: Power set of {a, b} = {∅, {a, b}, {a}, {b}}.
6. Which of the following is subset of set {1, 2, 3, 4}?
a) {1, 2}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Explanation: There are total 16 subsets.
7. A = {∅,{∅},2,{2,∅},3}, which of the following is true?
a) {{∅,{∅}} ∈ A
b) {2} ∈ A
c) ∅ ⊂ A
d) 3 ⊂ A
Answer: c
Explanation: Empty set is a subset of every set.
8. Subset of the set A= { } is?
a) A
b) {}
c) ∅
Answer: d
Explanation: Every set is subset of itself and Empty set is subset of each set.
9. {x: x ∈ N and x is prime} then it is ________
a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) Not a set
Answer: a
Explanation: There is no extreme prime, number of primes is infinite.
10. Convert set {x: x is a positive prime number which divides 72} in roster form.
a) {2, 3, 5}
b) {2, 3, 6}
c) {2, 3}
d) {∅}
Answer: c
Explanation: 2 and 3 are the divisors of 72 which are prime.
Sets
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Sets”.
1. A __________ is an ordered collection of objects.
a) Relation
b) Function
c) Set
d) Proposition
Answer: c
Explanation: By the definition of set.
2. The set O of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by _____________
a) {1, 2, 3}
b) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
c) {1, 2, 5, 9}
d) {1, 5, 7, 9, 11}
Answer: b
Explanation: Odd numbers less than 10 is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
3. Power set of empty set has exactly _________ subset.
a) One
b) Two
c) Zero
d) Three
Answer: a
Explanation: Power set of null set has exactly one subset which is empty set.
4. What is the Cartesian product of A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}?
a) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (b, b)}
b) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (a, a), (b, b)}
c) {(1, a), (2, a), (1, b), (2, b)}
d) {(1, 1), (a, a), (2, a), (1, b)}
Answer: c
Explanation: A subset R of the Cartesian product A x B is a relation from the set A to the set B.
5. The Cartesian Product B x A is equal to the Cartesian product A x B.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Let A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}. The Cartesian product A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b)} and the
Cartesian product B x A = {(a, 1), (a, 2), (b, 1), (b, 2)}. This is not equal to A x B.
6. What is the cardinality of the set of odd positive integers less than 10?
a) 10
b) 5
c) 3
d) 20
Answer: b
Explanation: Set S of odd positive an odd integer less than 10 is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Then, Cardinality of set S =
|S| which is 5.
7. Which of the following two sets are equal?
a) A = {1, 2} and B = {1}
b) A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3}
c) A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 1, 3}
d) A = {1, 2, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3}
Answer: c
Explanation: Two set are equal if and only if they have the same elements.
8. The set of positive integers is _____________
a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Subset
d) Empty
Answer: a
Explanation: The set of positive integers is not finite.
9. What is the Cardinality of the Power set of the set {0, 1, 2}?
a) 8
b) 6
c) 7
d) 9
Answer: a
Explanation: Power set P ({0, 1, 2}) is the set of all subsets of {0, 1, 2}. Hence, P({0, 1, 2}) = {null, {0}, {1},
{2}, {0, 1}, {0,2}, {1, 2}, {0, 1, 2}}.
10. The members of the set S = {x | x is the square of an integer and x < 100} is ________________
a) {0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 58, 49, 56, 99, 12}
b) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81}
c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 64, 81, 85, 99}
d) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 121}
Answer: b
Explanation: The set S consists of the square of an integer less than 10.
Set Operations – 1
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Set
Operations – 1”.
1. The union of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set _______________
a) {1, 2, 6, 1}
b) {1, 2, 5, 6}
c) {1, 2, 1, 2}
d) {1, 5, 6, 3}
Answer: b
Explanation: The union of the sets A and B, is the set that contains those elements that are either in A or
in B.
2. The intersection of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set _____________
a) {1, 2}
b) {5, 6}
c) {2, 5}
d) {1, 6}
Answer: a
Explanation: The intersection of the sets A and B, is the set containing those elements that are in both A
and B.
3. Two sets are called disjoint if there _____________ is the empty set.
a) Union
b) Difference
c) Intersection
d) Complement
Answer: c
Explanation: By the definition of the disjoint set.
4. Which of the following two sets are disjoint?
a) {1, 3, 5} and {1, 3, 6}
b) {1, 2, 3} and {1, 2, 3}
c) {1, 3, 5} and {2, 3, 4}
d) {1, 3, 5} and {2, 4, 6}
Answer: d
Explanation: Two sets are disjoint if the intersection of two sets is the empty set.
5. The difference of {1, 2, 3} and {1, 2, 5} is the set ____________
a) {1}
b) {5}
c) {3}
d) {2}
Answer: c
Explanation: The difference of the sets A and B denoted by A-B, is the set containing those elements that
are in A not in B.
6. The complement of the set A is _____________
a) A – B
b) U – A
c) A – U
d) B – A
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The complement of the set A is the complement of A with respect to U.
7. The bit string for the set {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} (with universal set of natural numbers less than or equal to 10)
is ____________________
a) 0101010101
b) 1010101010
c) 1010010101
d) 0010010101
Answer: a
Explanation: The bit string for the set has a one bit in second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth positions, and a
zero elsewhere.
8. Let Ai = {i, i+1, i+2, …..}. Then set {n, n+1, n+2, n+3, …..} is the _________ of the set Ai.
a) Union
b) Intersection
c) Set Difference
d) Disjoint
Answer: b
Explanation: By the definition of the generalized intersection of the set.
9. The bit strings for the sets are 1111100000 and 1010101010. The union of these sets is ___________
a) 1010100000
b) 1010101101
c) 1111111100
d) 1111101010
Answer: d
Explanation: The bit string for the union is the bitwise OR of the bit strings.
10. The set difference of the set A with null set is __________
a) A
b) null
c) U
d) B
Answer: a
Explanation: The set difference of the set A by the null set denoted by A – {null} is A.
Set Operations – 2
1. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then the number of elements in A U B is?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
Answer: a
Explanation: AUB is {1, 2, 3, 4}.
2. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is { 2, 3, 4}. Then number of elements in A ∩ B is?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b - Explanation: A ∩ B is {2, 3}.
3. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then the set A – B is?
a) {1, -4}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) {2, 3}
Answer: c
Explanation: In A – B the common elements get cancelled.
4. In which of the following sets A – B is equal to B – A?
a) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4}
b) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
c) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 1}
d) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 1}
Answer: c
Explanation: A- B= B-A = Empty set.
5. Let A be set of all prime numbers, B be the set of all even prime numbers, C be the set of all odd
prime numbers, then which of the following is true?
a) A ≡ B U C
b) B is a singleton set.
c) A ≡ C U {2}
Answer: d
Explanation: 2 is the only even prime number.
6. If A has 4 elements B has 8 elements then the minimum and maximum number of elements in A U B
are ____________
a) 4, 8
b) 8, 12
c) 4, 12
Answer: b
Explanation: Minimum would be when 4 elements are same as in 8, maximum would be when all are
distinct.
7. If A is {{Φ}, {Φ, {Φ}}}, then the power set of A has how many element?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
Answer: b
Explanation: The set A has got 2 elements so n(P(A))=4.
8. Two sets A and B contains a and b elements respectively. If power set of A contains 16 more elements
than that of B, value of ‘b’ and ‘a’ are _______
a) 4, 5
b) 6, 7
c) 2, 3
Answer: a
Explanation: 32-16=16, hence a=5, b=4.
9. Let A be {1, 2, 3, 4}, U be set of all natural numbers, then U-A’(complement of A) is given by set.
a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ….}
b) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ……}
c) {1, 2, 3, 4}
Answer: c
Explanation: U – A’ ≡ A.
10. Which sets are not empty?
a) {x: x is a even prime greater than 3}
b) {x : x is a multiple of 2 and is odd}
c) {x: x is an even number and x+3 is even}
d) { x: x is a prime number less than 5 and is odd}
Answer: d
Explanation: Because the set is {3}.
Venn Diagram
1. The shaded area of figure is best described by?
a) A ∩ B
b) A U B
c) A
d) B
Answer: a
Explanation: The region is A intersection B.
a) A‘ (Complement of A)
b) A U B -B
c) A ∩ B
d) B
Answer: b
Explanation: The region is complement of B.
3. If n(A)=20 and n(B)=30 and n(A U B) = 40 then n(A ∩ B) is?
a) 20
b) 30
c) 40
d) 10
Answer: d
Explanation: n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B).
a) A‘ (Complement of A)
b) B – (A ∩ B) – (C ∩ B)
c) A ∩ C ∩ B
d) B’ (Complement of B)
Answer: b
Explanation: The region is difference B with A and C.
5. The relation between sets A, B, C as shown by venn diagram is __________
a) A is subset of B and B is subset of C
b) C is not a subset of A and A is subset of B
c) C is subset of B and B is subset of A
Answer: c
Explanation: As set C is totally inside set B, set B is totally inside set A.
6. Let A: All badminton player are good sportsperson.
B: All person who plays cricket are good sportsperson.
Let X denotes set of all badminton players, Y of all cricket players, Z of all good
sportsperson. Then which of the following statements is correct?
a) Z contains both X and Y
b) Z contains X and Y is outside
c) X contains Y and Z
Answer: a
Explanation: X and Y are subset of Z.
7. If n(A)=10, n(B)=30,n(C)=50 and if set A, B, C are pairwise disjoint then which of the following is
correct?
a) n(A U B)=0
b) n(B U C)=0
c) n(A U B U C)=90
Answer: d
Explanation: All the statements are true based on definition.
Relations
Number of Relations
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Number of Relations”.
1. How many binary relations are there on a set S with 9 distinct elements?
a) 290
b) 2100
c) 281
d) 260
Answer: c
Explanation: S is the set with 9 elements. A relation on S is defined as S x S. There are 92 number of
ordered pairs in relation. So, the number of binary relations is 2(9*9) = 281.
2. _________ number of reflexive relations are there on a set of 11 distinct elements.
a) 2110
b) 3121
c) 290
d) 2132
Answer: a
Explanation: Let A be a set consists of n distinct elements. There are 2(n*n)-n number of reflexive
relations that can be formed. So, here the answer is 2(11*11)-11 = 2110.
3. The number of reflexive as well as symmetric relations on a set with 14 distinct elements is
__________
a) 4120
b) 270
c) 3201
d) 291
Answer: d
Explanation: Let A be a set consists of n distinct elements. There are 2(n*(n-1))/2 number of reflexive
and symmetric relations that can be formed. So, here the answer is 214*(14-1)/2 = 291.
4. The number of symmetric relations on a set with 15 distinct elements is ______
a) 2196
b) 250
c) 2320
d) 278
Answer: a
Explanation: Let S be a set consists of n distinct elements. There are 2(n-1)*(n-1) number of reflexive
and symmetric relations that can be formed. So, here the answer is 2(15-1)*(15-1) = 2196.
5. Suppose S is a finite set with 7 elements. How many elements are there in the largest equivalence
relation on S?
a) 56
b) 78
c) 49
d) 100
Answer: c
Explanation: Let R is an equivalence relation on the set S and so it satisfies the reflexive, symmetric and
transitive property. The largest equivalence relation means it should contain the largest number of
ordered pairs. Since we can have n2 ordered pairs in R x R where n belongs to S and all these ordered
pairs are present in this relation; it’s the largest equivalence relation. So there are n2 elements i.e 72 =
49 elements in the largest equivalence relation.
6. ________ is the rank of the largest equivalence relation on a set of 20 elements.
a) 320
b) 2400
c) 20
d) 1
Answer: d
Explanation: The rank of an equivalence relation is the number of an equivalence classes. If we have a1,
a2, a3, …, an elements then a1 and a2 will be in the same equivalence class because everything is
related and so on. In this case, there is only one equivalence class.
7. How many elements are there in the smallest equivalence relation on a set with 8 elements?
a) 102
b) 8
c) 48
d) 32
Answer: b
Explanation: Let R is an equivalence relation on the set S with n elements and so it satisfies reflexive,
symmetric and transitive properties. The smallest equivalence relation means it should contain
minimum number of ordered pairs i.e along with symmetric and transitive properties it must always
satisfy reflexive property. So, the smallest equivalence relation will have n ordered pairs and so the
answer is 8.
8.The rank of smallest equivalence relation on a set with 12 distinct elements is _______
a) 12
b) 144
c) 136
d) 79
Answer: a
Explanation: In the case of smallest equivalence relation, each element is in one equivalence class like
{a1}, {a2}, … are equivalence classes. So, the rank or number of equivalence classes is n for a set with n
elements and so the answer is 12.
9. If a set A has 8 elements and a set B has 10 elements, how many relations are there from A to B?
a) 290
b) 380
c) 164
d) 280
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Let, a relation R from A to B is a subset of A×B. As the maximum number of subsets
(Elements in the powerset) is 2mn, there are 2mn number of relations from A to B and so the answer is
280.
10. Synonym for binary relation is _______
a) equivalence relation
b) dyadic relation
c) orthogonal relation
d) one to many relations
Answer: b
Explanation: A binary relation on a set S is a set of ordered pairs of elements of S. It is a subset of the
cartesian product S2 = S x S. The terms correspondence, dyadic relation and 2-place relation are
synonyms for the binary relation.
Closure on Relations
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Closure on Relations”.
1. R is a binary relation on a set S and R is reflexive if and only if _______

a) r(R) = R
b) s(R) = R
c) t(R) = R
d) f(R) = R
Answer: a
Explanation: Let reflexive closure of R:r(R) = R. If R is reflexive, it satisfies all the
condition in the definition of reflexive closure. So, a reflexive closure of a relation is
the smallest number of reflexive relation contain in R. Hence, R = r(R).
2. If R1 and R2 are binary relations from set A to set B, then the equality ______ holds.
a) (Rc)c = Rc
b) (A x B)c = Φ
c) (R1 U R2)c = R1c ∪ R2c
d) (R1 U R2)c = R1c ∩ R2c
Answer: c
Explanation: To proof (R1 U R2)c = R1c ∪ R2c,
if <x,y> belongs to (R1 U R2)c
⇔ <y,x> ∈ (R1 U R2)
⇔ <y,x> ∈ R1 or <y,x> ∈ R2
⇔ <x,y> ∈ R1c or <x,y> ∈ R2c
⇔ <x,y> ∈ R1c ∪ R2c.
3. The condition for a binary relation to be symmetric is _______
a) s(R) = R
b) R ∪ R = R
c) R = Rc
d) f(R) = R
Answer: c
Explanation: If <a,b> ∈ R then <b,a> ∈ R, where a and b belong to two different sets and
so its symmetric.
Rc also contains <b,a>
Rc = R.
4. ______ number of reflexive closure exists in a relation R = {(0,1), (1,1), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2),
(3,0)} where {0, 1, 2, 3} ∈ A.
a) 26
b) 6
c) 8
d) 36
Answer: b
Explanation: The reflexive closure of R is the relation, R ∪ Δ = { (a,b) | (a,b) R (a,a) | a A }.

Hence, R ∪ Δ = {(0,1), (1,1), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (3,0)} and the answer is 6.
5. The transitive closure of the relation {(0,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,4), (5,3), (5,4)} on the set {1, 2,
3, 4, 5} is _______
a) {(0,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,4)}
b) {(0,0), (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5)}
c) {(0,1), (1,1), (2,2), (5,3), (5,4)}
d) {(0,1), (0,2), (1,2), (2,2), (3,4), (5,3), (5,4)}
Answer: d
Explanation: Let R be a relation on a set A. The connectivity relation on R* consists of pairs
(a,b) such that there is a path of length at least one from a to b in R. Mathematically, R* =
R1 ∪ R2 ∪ R3 ∪ … ∪ Rn. Hence the answer is {(0,1), (0,2), (1,2), (2,2), (3,4), (5,3), (5,4)}.
6. Amongst the properties {reflexivity, symmetry, antisymmetric, transitivity} the relation

R={(a,b) ∈ N2 | a!= b} satisfies _______ property.
a) symmetry
b) transitivity
c) antisymmetric
d) reflexivity
Answer: a
Explanation: It is not reflexive as aRa is not possible. It is symmetric as if aRb then bRa. It is
not antisymmetric as aRb and bRa are possible and we can have a!=b. It is not transitive as
if aRb and bRc then aRc need not be true. This is violated when c=a. So the answer is
symmetry property.
7. The number of equivalence relations of the set {3, 6, 9, 12, 18} is ______
a) 4
b) 25
c) 22
d) 90
Answer: a
Explanation: Number of equivalence Relations are given by BELL number. The nth of these
numbers i.e, Bn counts the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n
elements, or equivalently, the number of equivalence relations on it. Let’s say, 1 ->
Equivalence relation with 1 element; 1 2 -> Equivalence relation with 2 element; 2 3 5 ->
Equivalence relation with 3 element; 5 7 10 15 -> Equivalence relation with 4 element.
Hence, the answer is 4.
8. Let R1 and R2 be two equivalence relations on a set. Is R1 ∪ R2 an equivalence relation?
a) an equivalence relation
b) reflexive closure of relation
c) not an equivalence relation
d) partial equivalence relation
Answer: a
Explanation: R1 union R2 is not equivalence relation because transitivity property of closure
need not hold. For instance, (x, y) can be in R1 and (y, z) be in R2 and (x, z) not in either
R1 or R2. However, R1 intersection R2 is an equivalence relation.
9. A relation R is defined on the set of integers as aRb if and only if a+b is even and R is
termed as ______
a) an equivalence relation with one equivalence class
b) an equivalence relation with two equivalence classes
c) an equivalence relation
d) an equivalence relation with three equivalence classes
Answer: b
Explanation: R is reflexive as (a+b) is even for any integer; R is symmetric as if (a+b) is
even (b+a) is also even; R is transitive as if ((a+b)+c) is even, then (a+(b+c)) is also even.
So, R is an equivalence relation. For set of natural numbers, sum of even numbers always
give even, sum of odd numbers always give even and sum of any even and any odd
number always give odd. So, must have two equivalence classes -> one for even and one
for odd.
{…, -4, -2, 0, 2, … } and {…, -3, -1, 1, 3, … }.
10. The binary relation U = Φ (empty set) on a set A = {11, 23, 35} is _____
a) Neither reflexive nor symmetric
b) Symmetric and reflexive
c) Transitive and reflexive
d) Transitive and symmetric
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: U = Φ (empty set) on a set A = {11, 23, 35} need to be hold Irreflexive,
symmetric, anti-symmetric, asymmetric and transitive closure property, but it is not
Reflexive as it does not contain any self loop in itself.
Implication and Double Implications
This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on
“Logics – Implication and Double Implications”
1. Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to __________

a) P<->~Q
b) ~P<->Q
c) ~P<->~Q
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them have same truth table, Hence they are equal.
2. What is the negation of the statement A->(B v(or) C)?

a) A ∧ ~B ∧ ~C
b) A->B->C
c) ~A ∧ B v C
Answer: a
Explanation: A->P is logically equivalent to ~A v P.
3. The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of A, B are
respectively _________
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F
Answer: c
Explanation: For implications to be false hypothesis should be true and conclusion
should be false.
4. The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧ (and) B is?

a) A->B
b) ~A ∧ ~ B
c) A ∧ ~B
d) ~(A->~B)
Answer: d
Explanation: The truth table of both statements are same.
5. Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give a nice overall
squad performance.“ is?
a) P v Q
b) Q ∧ P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q
Answer: c
Explanation: If and only if statements are bi-conditionals.
6. Let P, Q, R be true, false true, respectively, which of the following is true?

a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
d) P->(Q∧R)
Answer: c
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true.
7. “Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this statement is?
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
Answer: a
Explanation: Negation of P->Q is P∧~Q.
8. Consider the following statements.

A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he wants to play
good table tennis then he should exercise.” is?
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A∧C
Answer: b
Explanation: For conditionals statement (if then), implications are used.
9. The statement (~P<->Q)∧~Q is true when?

a) P: True Q: False
b) P: True Q: True
c) P: False Q: True
d) P: False Q: False
Answer: a
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be same.
10. Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is true?
a) P∧(Q∧~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)
Answer: c
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be the same.
Logic Circuits
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses
on “Logic Circuits”.
1. If there are ‘M’ switches in series numbered from 1, 2, …, M. For circuit to be
complete and bulb to glow which of the following is necessary?
a) 1∧ 2∧ 3 ∧ … ∧M should be on
b) 1∧ 2∧ 3 ∧ … ∧M should be off
c) 1 v 2 v 3 v … v M should be on
Answer: a
Explanation: All should be on in-order to complete the circuit.
2. If there are ‘M’ switches in parallel numbered from 1, 2, …, M. For circuit to be

complete and bulb to glow which of the following is necessary
Answer: c
Explanation: Anyone should be on in-order to complete the circuit.
3. The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of A, B are
respectively _________
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F
Answer: c
Explanation: For implications to be false hypothesis should be true and conclusion
should be false.
4. The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧ (and) B is?

a) A->B
b) ~A ∧ ~ B
c) A ∧ ~B
d) ~(A->~B)
Answer: d
Explanation: The truth table of both statements are same.
5. Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give a nice
overall squad performance.“ is?
a) P v Q
b) Q ∧ P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q
Answer: c
Explanation: If and only if statements are bi-conditionals.
6. Let P, Q, R be true, false true, respectively, which of the following is true?

a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
d) P->(Q∧R)
Answer: c
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true.
7. “Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this statement
is?
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
Answer: a
Explanation: Negation of P->Q is P∧~Q.
8. Consider the following statements.

A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he wants to play
good table tennis then he should exercise.” is?
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A∧C
Answer: b
Explanation: For conditionals statement (if then), implications are used.
9. The statement (~P<->Q)∧~Q is true when?

a) P: True Q: False
b) P: True Q: True
c) P: False Q: True
d) P: False Q: False
Answer: a
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be same.
10. Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is true?
a) P∧(Q∧~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)
Answer: c
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be the same.
Logic Circuits
“Logic Circuits”.
1. If there are ‘M’ switches in series numbered from 1, 2, …, M. For circuit to be

complete and bulb to glow which of the following is necessary?
Answer: a
Explanation: All should be on in-order to complete the circuit.
2. If there are ‘M’ switches in parallel numbered from 1, 2, …, M. For circuit to be
complete and bulb to glow which of the following is necessary
Answer: c
Explanation: Anyone should be on in-order to complete the circuit.
3. In the circuit shown the lamp will be glowing if _________
a) P: True, Q: False
b) P: True, Q: True
c) P: False, Q: False
Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if P is true and Q is false.
4. In this circuit shown the lamp will be glowing if _________
a) P: True, Q: True, R: False
b) P: True, Q: True, R: True
c) P: False, Q: False, R: True
Answer: c
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if R is true and Q is false or P is false.
5. Which statement should be true in order for lamp to glow?
Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if R is true and Q is false or P is false.
6. If it is given that switch R is closed and Q is closed then lamp will glow if _________
Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if (~P) is true and S is true.
7. The circuit depend on which switch/switches state to be complete?
a) P
b) Q
c) Both P and Q
Answer: a
Explanation: The circuit will be complete if (P) is true, Q v ~Q will always be true.
8. The ten switches A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,N,M are placed in the given circuit (all are open at
given time). If you close one switch you need to pay 1 unit cost. What is the cost you
need to pay to glow this Lamp?
a) 1 unit
b) 2 units
c) 3 units
d) 4 units
Answer: a
Explanation: This can be achieved by turning one of switches N or M on.
9. If in a for it to be complete it is necessary for switch A to be closed and either of

switch B or C to be closed, then which can be true?
a) Switch A should in parallel with B and C is series to them
b) Switch A should be in series with a parallel circuit of B and C
c) All of the mentioned
Answer: b
Explanation: Switch A is in series and since there is ‘or’ between B and C therefore
they must be in parallel.
10. The given circuit can work if the switches P and Q be ___________
a) P: True, Q: False
b) P: True, Q: True
c) P: False, Q: False
Answer: d
Explanation: If Q is false, then the circuit will be complete irrespective of the value of
P. Also, if P is true and Q is also true, then also the circuit will be complete. Hence, all
the choices are correct.
De-Morgan’s Laws
focuses on “Logics and Proofs – De-Morgan’s Laws”.
1. Which of the following statements is the negation of the statements “4 is odd or -9 is positive”?
a) 4 is even or -9 is not negative
b) 4 is odd or -9 is not negative
c) 4 is even and -9 is negative
d) 4 is odd and -9 is not negative
Answer: c
Explanation: Using De Morgan’s Law ~(A V B) ↔ ~A ∧ ~B.
2. Which of the following represents: ~A (negation of A) if A stands for “I like badminton but hate
maths”?
a) I hate badminton and maths
b) I do not like badminton or maths
c) I dislike badminton but love maths
d) I hate badminton or like maths
Answer: d
Explanation: De Morgan’s Law ~ (A ∧ B) ↔ ~A V ~B.
3. The compound statement A v ~(A ∧ B).

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Applying De-Morgan’s law we get A v ~ A Ξ Tautology.
4. Which of the following is De-Morgan’s law?

a) P ∧ (Q v R) Ξ (P ∧ Q) v (P ∧ R)
b) ~(P ∧ R) Ξ ~P v ~R, ~(P v R) Ξ ~P ∧ ~R
c) P v ~P Ξ True, P ∧ ~P Ξ False
Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of De–Morgan’s Law.
5. What is the dual of (A ∧ B) v (C ∧ D)?
a) (A V B) v (C v D)
b) (A V B) ^ (C v D)
c) (A V B) v (C ∧ D)
d) (A ∧ B) v (C v D)
Answer: b
Explanation: In dual ∧ is replaced by v and vice – versa.
6. ~ A v ~ B is logically equivalent to?

a) ~ A → ~ B
b) ~ A ∧ ~ B
c) A → ~B
d) B V A
Answer: c
Explanation: By identity A → B Ξ ~A V B.
7. Negation of statement (A ∧ B) → (B ∧ C) is _____________

a) (A ∧ B) →(~B ∧ ~C)
b) ~(A ∧ B) v ( B v C)
c) ~(A →B) →(~B ∧ C)
Answer: a
Explanation: ~(A →B) Ξ A ∧ ~B using this we can easily fetch the answer.
8. Which of the following satisfies commutative law?

a) ∧
b) v
c) ↔
Answer: d
Explanation: All of them satisfies commutative law.
9. If the truth value of A v B is true, then truth value of ~A ∧ B can be ___________

a) True if A is false
b) False if A is false
c) False if B is true and A is false

Answer: a
Explanation: If A is false then both the condition are obeyed.
10. If P is always against the testimony of Q, then the compound statement P→(P v ~Q) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
Answer: a
Explanation: Since either hypothesis is false or both (hypothesis as well as conclusion) are true.
Tautologies and Contradictions
This set of Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses
on “Logics – Tautologies and Contradictions”
1. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a tautology.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Tautology is always true.

2. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a contradiction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Contradiction is always false.
3. If A is any statement, then which of the following is a tautology?

a) A ∧ F
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∨ ¬A
d) A ∧ T
Answer: c
Explanation: A ∨ ¬A is always true.
4. If A is any statement, then which of the following is not a contradiction?

a) A ∧ ¬A
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∧ F
d) None of mentioned
Answer: b
Explanation: A ∨ F is not always false.
5. A compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called a ___________

a) Contingency
b) Equivalence
c) Condition
d) Inference
Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of contingency.
6. ¬ (A ∨ q) ∧ (A ∧ q) is a ___________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
Answer: b
Explanation: ≡ (¬A ∧ ¬q) ∧ (A ∧ q)
≡ (¬A ∧ A) ∧ (¬q ∧ q)
≡ F ∧ F ≡ F.
7. (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T)
≡ T ∨ T ≡ T.
8. A ∧ ¬(A ∨ (A ∧ T)) is always __________
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: ≡ A ∧ ¬ (A ∨ (A ∧ T))
≡ A ∧ ¬(A ∨ A)
≡ A ∧ ¬A ≡ F.
9. (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T) is always _________
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T)
≡ A ∨ T ≡ T.
10. A → (A ∨ q) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ A → (A ∨ q)
≡ ¬A ∨ (A ∨ q)
≡ (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ q
≡ T ∨ q ≡ T.
Types of Statements
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
(MCQs) focuses on “Logics – Types of Statements”.
1. The contrapositive of p → q is the proposition of ____________

a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of contrapositive.
2. The inverse of p → q is the proposition of ____________

a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of inverse.
3. The converse of p → q is the proposition of _______________

a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of converse.
4. What is the contrapositive of the conditional statement? “The home team misses
whenever it is drizzling?”
a) If it is drizzling, then home team misses
b) If the home team misses, then it is drizzling
c) If it is not drizzling, then the home team does not misses
d) If the home team wins, then it is not drizzling
Answer: d
Explanation: q whenever p contrapositive is ¬q → ¬p.
5. What is the converse of the conditional statement “If it ices today, I will play ice
hockey tomorrow.”
a) “I will play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
b) “If I do not play ice hockey tomorrow, then it will not have iced today.”
c) “If it does not ice today, then I will not play ice hockey tomorrow.”
d) “I will not play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
Answer: a
Explanation: If p, then q has converse q → p.
6. What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “I come to class

whenever there is going to be a test.”
a) “If I come to class, then there will be a test.”
b) “If I do not come to class, then there will not be a test.”
c) “If there is not going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
d) “If there is going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
Answer: b
Explanation: q whenever p, has contrapositive ¬q → ¬p.
7. What are the inverse of the conditional statement “ A positive integer is a

composite only if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
a) “A positive integer is a composite if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
b) “If a positive integer has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then it is not
composite.”
c) “If a positive integer is not composite, then it has no divisors other than 1 and
itself.”
Answer: c
Explanation: p only if q has inverse ¬p → ¬q.
8. What are the converse of the conditional statement “When Raj stay up late, it is
necessary that Raj sleep until noon.”
a) “If Raj stay up late, then Raj sleep until noon.”
b) “If Raj does not stay up late, then Raj does not sleep until noon.”
c) “If Raj does not sleep until noon, then Raj does not stay up late.”
d) “If Raj sleep until noon, then Raj stay up late.”
Answer: d
Explanation: Necessary condition for p is q has converse q → p.
9. What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “Medha will find a
decent job when she labour hard.”?
a) “If Medha labour hard, then she will find a decent job.”
b) “If Medha will not find a decent job, then she not labour hard.”
c) “If Medha will find a decent job, then she labour hard.”
d) “If Medha not labour hard, then she will not find a decent job.”
Answer: b
Explanation: The statement q when p has its contrapositive as ¬q → ¬p.
10. What are the inverse of the conditional statement “If you make your notes, it will
be a convenient in exams.”
a) “If you make notes, then it will be a convenient in exams.”
b) “If you do not make notes, then it will not be a convenient in exams.”
c) “If it will not be a convenient in exams, then you did not make your notes.”
d) “If it will be a convenient in exams, then you make your notes
Answer: b
Explanation: If p then q has inverse ¬p → ¬q.
Logical Equivalences
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers

(MCQs) focuses on “Logics – Logical Equivalences”.
1. 1. The compound propositions p and q are called logically equivalent if

________ is a tautology.
a) p ↔ q
b) p → q
c) ¬ (p ∨ q)
d) ¬p ∨ ¬q
Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of logical equivalence.
2. p → q is logically equivalent to ________

a) ¬p ∨ ¬q
b) p ∨ ¬q
c) ¬p ∨ q
d) ¬p ∧ q
Answer: c
Explanation: (p → q) ↔ (¬p ∨ q) is tautology.
3. p ∨ q is logically equivalent to ________
a) ¬q → ¬p
b) q → p
c) ¬p → ¬q
d) ¬p → q
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: (p ∨ q) ↔ (¬p → q) is tautology.
4. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to ________

a) q↔p
b) p↔¬q
c) ¬p↔¬q
d) ¬q↔¬p
Answer: b
Explanation: ¬(p↔q)↔(p↔¬q) is tautology.
5. p ∧ q is logically equivalent to ________

a) ¬ (p → ¬q)
b) (p → ¬q)
c) (¬p → ¬q)
d) (¬p → q)
Answer: a
Explanation: (p ∧ q) ↔ (¬(p → ¬q)) is tautology.
6. Which of the following statement is correct?

a) p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p
b) ¬(p ∧ q) ≡ ¬p ∨ ¬q
c) (p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∨ r)
d) All of mentioned
Answer: d
Explanation: Verify using truth table, all are correct.
7. p ↔ q is logically equivalent to ________

a) (p → q) → (q → p)
b) (p → q) ∨ (q → p)
c) (p → q) ∧ (q → p)
d) (p ∧ q) → (q ∧ p)
Answer: c
Explanation: (p ↔ q) ↔ ((p → q) ∧ (q → p)) is tautology.
8. (p → q) ∧ (p → r) is logically equivalent to ________

a) p → (q ∧ r)
b) p → (q ∨ r)
c) p ∧ (q ∨ r)
d) p ∨ (q ∧ r)
Answer: a
Explanation: ((p → q) ∧ (p → r)) ↔ (p → (q ∧ r)) is tautology.
9. (p → r) ∨ (q → r) is logically equivalent to ________

a) (p ∧ q) ∨ r
b) (p ∨ q) → r
c) (p ∧ q) → r
d) (p → q) → r
Answer: c
Explanation: ((p → r) ∨ (q → r)) ↔ ((p ∧ q) → r) is tautology.
10. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to ________

a) p ↔ ¬q
b) ¬p ↔ q
c) ¬p ↔ ¬q
d) ¬q ↔ ¬p
Answer: a
Explanation: (¬ (p ↔ q)) ↔ (p ↔ ¬q) is tautology.
Types of Relations
“Types of Relations”.
1. The binary relation {(1,1), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (3,1), (3,2)} on the set {1, 2, 3} is __________
a) reflective, symmetric and transitive
b) irreflexive, symmetric and transitive
c) neither reflective, nor irreflexive but transitive
d) irreflexive and antisymmetric
Answer: c
Explanation: Not reflexive -> (3,3) not present; not irreflexive -> (1, 1) is present; not symmetric -> (2, 1)
is present but not (1, 2); not antisymmetric – (2, 3) and (3, 2) are present; not asymmetric -> asymmetry
requires both antisymmetry and irreflexivity. So, it is transitive closure of relation.
2. Consider the relation: R’ (x, y) if and only if x, y>0 over the set of non-zero rational numbers, then R’ is
_________
a) not equivalence relation
b) an equivalence relation
c) transitive and asymmetry relation
d) reflexive and antisymmetric relation
Answer: b
Explanation: Reflexive: a, a>0
Symmetric: if a, b>0 then both must be +ve or -ve, which means b, a > 0 also exists
Transitive: if a, b>0 and b, c>0 then to have b as same number, both pairs must be +ve or -ve which
implies a, c>0. Hence, R’ is an equivalence relation.
3. Let S be a set of n>0 elements. Let be the number Br of binary relations on S and let Bf be the number
of functions from S to S. The expression for Br and Bf, in terms of n should be ____________
a) n2 and 2(n+1)2
b) n3 and n(n+1)
c) n and n(n+6)
d) 2(n*n) and nn
Answer: d
Explanation: For a set with n elements the number of binary relations should be 2(n*n) and the number
of functions should be nn. Hence Br = 2(n*n) and Bf = nn.
4. Let A be a set of k (k>0) elements. Which is larger between the number of binary relations (say, Nr) on
A and the number of functions (say, Nf) from A to A?
a) number of relations
b) number of functions
c) the element set
d) number of subsets of the relation
Answer: a
Explanation: For a set with k elements the number of binary relations should be 2(n*n) and the number
of functions should be nn. Now, 2(n*n) => n2log (2) [taking log] and nn => nlog (n) [taking log]. It is
known that n2log (2) > nlog (n). Hence, the number of binary relations > the number of functions i.e, Nr
> Nf.
5. Consider the binary relation, A = {(a,b) | b = a – 1 and a, b belong to {1, 2, 3}}. The reflexive transitive
closure of A is?
a) {(a,b) | a >= b and a, b belong to {1, 2, 3}}
b) {(a,b) | a > b and a, b belong to {1, 2, 3}}
c) {(a,b) | a <= b and a, b belong to {1, 2, 3}}
d) {(a,b) | a = b and a, b belong to {1, 2, 3}}
Answer: a
Explanation: By definition of Transitive closure we have that a is related to all smaller b (as every a is
related to b – 1) and from the reflexive property a is related to a.
6. Let R1 be a relation from A = {1, 3, 5, 7} to B = {2, 4, 6, 8} and R2 be another relation from B to C = {1,
2, 3, 4} as defined below:
i. An element a in A is related to an element b in B (under R1) if a * b is divisible by 3.
ii. An element a in B is related to an element b in C (under R2) if a * b is even but not divisible by 3.
Which is the composite relation R1R2 from A to C?
a) R1R2 = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (3, 3), (5, 4), (5,6), (7, 3)}
b) Φ
c) R1R2 = {(1, 2), (1,6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (5, 4), (7, 2)}
d) R1R2 = {(2,2), (3, 2), (3, 4), (5, 1), (5, 3), (7, 1)}
Answer: b
Explanation: By definition, i) R1 = {(1,6), (3,2), (3,4), (3,6), (3,8), (5,6), (7,6)} and ii) R2 = {(1,2), (1,4), (1,8),
(5,2), (5,4), (5,8), (7,2), (7,4), (7,8)}. So, R1R2 = Φ.
7. The time complexity of computing the transitive closure of a binary relation on a set of n elements
should be ________
a) O(n)
b) O(logn)
c) O(n(n+(3/2)))
d) O(n3)
Answer: d
Explanation: Calculation of transitive closure results into matrix multiplication. We can do matrix
multiplication in O(n3) time. There are better algorithms that do less than cubic time.
8. Let A and B be two non-empty relations on a set S. Which of the following statements is false?
a) A and B are transitive ⇒ A∩B is transitive
b) A and B are symmetric ⇒ A∪B is symmetric
c) A and B are transitive ⇒ A∪B is not transitive
d) A and B are reflexive ⇒ A∩B is reflexive
Answer: c
Explanation: In terms of set theory, the binary relation R defined on the set X is a transitive relation if,
for all a, b, c ∈ X, if aRb and bRc, then aRc. If there are two relations on a set satisfying transitive
property then there union must satisfy transitive property.
9. Determine the characteristics of the relation aRb if a2 = b2.
a) Transitive and symmetric
b) Reflexive and asymmetry
c) Trichotomy, antisymmetric, and irreflexive
d) Symmetric, Reflexive, and transitive
Answer: d
Explanation: Since, x2 = y2 is just a special case of equality, so all properties that apply to x = y also apply
to this case. Hence, the relation satisfies symmetric, reflexive and transitive closure.
10. Let R be a relation between A and B. R is asymmetric if and only if ________
a) Intersection of D(A) and R is empty, where D(A) represents diagonal of set
b) R-1 is a subset of R, where R-1 represents inverse of R
c) Intersection of R and R-1 is D(A)
d) D(A) is a subset of R, where D(A) represents diagonal of set
Answer: a
Explanation: A relation is asymmetric if and only if it is both antisymmetric and irreflexive. As a

consequence, a relation is transitive and asymmetric if and only if it is a strict partial order. If D(A) is a
diagonal of A set and intersection of D(A) and R is empty, then R is asymmetric.
Partial Orderings
focuses on “Relations – Partial Orderings”.
Let a set S = {2, 4, 8, 16, 32} and <= be the partial order defined by S <= R if a divides b.
Number of edges in the Hasse diagram of is ______
a) 6
b) 5
c) 9
d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation: Hasse Diagram is:
So, the number of edges should be: 4.
2. The less-than relation, <, on a set of real numbers is ______
a) not a partial ordering because it is not asymmetric and irreflexive equals

antisymmetric
b) a partial ordering since it is asymmetric and reflexive
c) a partial ordering since it is antisymmetric and reflexive
d) not a partial ordering because it is not antisymmetric and reflexive
Answer: a
Explanation: Relation less than a set of real numbers is not antisymmetric and
reflexive. Relation is not POSET because it is irreflexive. Again, aRb != bRa unless
a=b and so it is antisymmetric. A relation may be ‘not asymmetric and not reflexive
but still antisymmetric, as {(1,1) (1,2)}. So, the relation is not a partial ordering
because it is not asymmetric and irreflexive equals antisymmetric.
3. If the longest chain in a partial order is of length l, then the partial order can be
written as _____ disjoint antichains.
a) l2
b) l+1
c) l
d) ll
Answer: c
Explanation: If the length of the longest chain in a partial order is l, then the elements
in the POSET can be partitioned into l disjoint antichains.
5. A partial order P is defined on the set of natural numbers as follows. Here a/b denotes
integer division. i)(0, 0) ∊ P. ii)(a, b) ∊ P if and only if a % 10 ≤ b % 10 and (a/10, b/10) ∊ P.
Consider the following ordered pairs:
i. (101, 22) ii. (22, 101) iii. (145, 265) iv. (0, 153)
The ordered pairs of natural numbers are contained in P are ______ and ______
a) (145, 265) and (0, 153)
b) (22, 101) and (0, 153)
c) (101, 22) and (145, 265)
d) (101, 22) and (0, 153)
Answer: d
Explanation: For ordered pair (a, b), to be in P, each digit in a starting from unit place
must not be larger than the corresponding digit in b. This condition is satisfied by
options (iii) (145, 265) => 5 ≤ 5, 4 < 6 and 1 < 2; (iv) (0, 153) => 0 < 3 and no need to
examine further.
6. The inclusion of ______ sets into R = {{1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}} is
necessary and sufficient to make R a complete lattice under the partial order defined by
set containment.
a) {1}, {2, 4}
b) {1}, {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) {1}, {1, 3}, {1, 2, 3, 4}, {1, 2, 3, 5}
Answer: c
Explanation: A lattice is complete if every subset of partial order set has a supremum
and infimum element. For example, here we are given a partial order set R. Now it will be
a complete lattice if whatever be the subset we choose, it has a supremum and infimum
element. Here relation given is set containment, so supremum element will be just union
of all sets in the subset we choose. Similarly, the infimum element will be just an
intersection of all the sets in the subset we choose. As R now is not complete lattice,
because although it has a supremum for every subset we choose, but some subsets
have no infimum. For example, if we take subset {{1, 3, 5}, {1, 2, 4}}, then intersection of
sets in this is {1}, which is not present in R. So clearly, if we add set {1} in R, we will
solve the problem. So adding {1} is necessary and sufficient condition for R to be a
complete lattice.
7. Consider the ordering relation a | b ⊆ N x N over natural numbers N such that a | b if there exists c
belong to N such that a*c=b. Then ___________
a) | is an equivalence relation
b) It is a total order
c) Every subset of N has an upper bound under |
d) (N,|) is a lattice but not a complete lattice
Answer: d
Explanation: A set is called lattice if every finite subset has a least upper bound and greatest lower
bound. It is termed as a complete lattice if every subset has a least upper bound and greatest lower
bound. As every subset of this will not have LUB and GLB so (N,|) is a lattice but not a complete lattice.
8. Consider the set N* of finite sequences of natural numbers with a denoting that sequence a is a prefix
of sequence b. Then, which of the following is true?
a) Every non-empty subset of has a greatest lower bound
b) It is uncountable
c) Every non-empty finite subset of has a least upper bound
d) Every non-empty subset of has a least upper bound
Answer: a
Explanation: Consider any sequence like “45, 8, 7, 2” – it can have many (infinite) least upper bounds like
“45, 8, 7, 2, 5”, “45, 8, 7, 2, 1” and so on but it can have only 1 greatest lower bound – “45, 8, 7” because
we are using the prefix relation. So, every non-empty subset has a greatest lower bound.
9. A partial order ≤ is defined on the set S = {x, b1, b2, … bn, y} as x ≤ bi for all i and bi ≤ y for all i, where
n ≥ 1. The number of total orders on the set S which contain the partial order ≤ is ______
a) n+4
b) n2
c) n!
d) 3
Answer: c
Explanation: To make this partial order a total order, we need the relation to hold for every two
elements of the partial order. Currently, there is no relation between any bi and bj. So, for every bi and
bj, we have to add either (bi, bj) or (bj, bi) in total order. So, this translates to giving an ordering for n
elements between x and y, which can be done in n! ways.
10. Let (A, ≤) be a partial order with two minimal elements a, b and a maximum element c. Let P:A –>
{True, False} be a predicate defined on A. Suppose that P(a) = True, P(b) = False and P(a) ⇒ P(b) for all
satisfying a ≤ b, where ⇒ stands for logical implication. Which of the following statements cannot be
true?
a) P(x) = True for all x S such that x ≠ b
b) P(x) = False for all x ∈ S such that b ≤ x and x ≠ c
c) P(x) = False for all x ∈ S such that x ≠ a and x ≠ c
d) P(x) = False for all x ∈ S such that a ≤ x and b ≤ x
Answer: d
Explanation: Here, maximum element is c and so c is of a higher order than any other element in A.
Minimal elements are a and b: No other element in A is of lower order than either a or b.
We are given P(a) = True. So, for all x such that a≤x, P(x) must be True. We do have at least one such x,
which is c as it is the maximum element. So, P(x) = False for all x ∈ S such that a ≤ x and b ≤ x -> cannot
be true. P(x) = True for all x S such that x ≠ b -> can be True as all elements mapped to TRUE doesn’t
violate the given implication. P(x) = False for all x ∈ S such that x ≠ a and x ≠ c -> can be True if a is
related only to c. P(x) = False for all x ∈ S such that b ≤ x and x ≠ c -> can be True as b≤x ensures x≠a and
for all other elements P(x) can be False without violating the given implication.
Equivalence Classes and Partitions
“Relations – Equivalence Classes and Partitions”.
1. Suppose a relation R = {(3, 3), (5, 5), (5, 3), (5, 5), (6, 6)} on S = {3, 5, 6}. Here R is known as _________
a) equivalence relation
b) reflexive relation
c) symmetric relation
d) transitive relation
Answer: a
Explanation: Here, [3] = {3, 5}, [5] = {3, 5}, [5] = {5}. We can see that [3] = [5] and that S/R will be {[3], [6]}
which is a partition of S. Thus, we can choose either {3, 6} or {5, 6} as a set of representatives of the
equivalence classes. 2. Consider the congruence 45≡3(mod 7). Find the set of equivalence class
representatives.
a) {…, 0, 7, 14, 28, …}
b) {…, -3, 0, 6, 21, …}
c) {…, 0, 4, 8, 16, …}
d) {…, 3, 8, 15, 21, …}
Answer: a
Explanation: Note that a set of class representatives is the subset of a set which contains exactly one
element from each equivalence class. Now, for integers n, a and b, we have congruence a≡b(mod n),
then the set of equivalence classes are {…, -2n, -n, 0, n, 2n,…}, {…, 1-2n, 1-n, 1, 1+n, 1+2n,…}. The
required answer is {…, 0, 7, 14, 28, …}.
3. Which of the following relations is the reflexive relation over the set {1, 2, 3, 4}?
a) {(0,0), (1,1), (2,2), (2,3)}
b) {(1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,3), (4,3), (4,4)}
c) {,(1,1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,3), (3,4)}
d) {(0,1), (1,1), (2,3), (2,2), (3,4), (3,1)
Answer: b
Explanation: {(1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,3), (4,3), (4,4)} is a reflexive relation because it contains set = {(1,1),
(2,2), (3,3), (4,4)}.
4. Determine the partitions of the set {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} from the following subsets.
a) {3,5}, {3,6,7}, {4,5,6}
b) {3}, {4,6}, {5}, {7}
c) {3,4,6}, {7}
d) {5,6}, {5,7}
Answer: b
Explanation: {3,5}, {3,6,7}, {4,5,6}. It is not a partition because these sets are not pairwise disjoint. The
elements 3, 5 and 6 appear repeatedly these sets. {1}, {2,3,6}, {4}, {5} – this is a partition as they are
pairwise disjoint. {3,4,6}, {7} – this is not a partition as element 5 is missing.
{5,6}, {5,7} – this is not a partition because it is missing the elements 3, 4 in any of the sets.
5. Determine the number of equivalence classes that can be described by the set {2, 4, 5}.
a) 125
b) 5
c) 16
d) 72
Answer: b
Explanation: Suppose B={2, 4, 5} and B×B = (2,2), (4,4), (5,5), (2,4), (4,2), (4,5), (5,4), (2,5), (5,2). A
relation R on set B is said to be equivalence relation if R is reflexive, Symmetric, transitive. Hence, total
number of equivalence relation=5 out of 23=8 relations.
6. Determine the number of possible relations in an antisymmetric set with 19 elements.
a) 23585
b) 2.02 * 1087
c) 9.34 * 791
d) 35893
Answer: b
Explanation: Number of antisymmetric relation is given:-|A|=n, |AxA|=n xn. Then, N=total number of
diagonal will n and we know that N = 2n * 3(n2-n)/2. So, the number of relations should be = 2.02 *
1087.
7. For a, b ∈ Z define a | b to mean that a divides b is a relation which does not satisfy ___________
a) irreflexive and symmetric relation
b) reflexive relation and symmetric relation
c) transitive relation
d) symmetric relation
Answer: b
Explanation: Suppose, a=0, then we know that 0 does not divide 0, 0 ∤ 0 and it is not reflexive. Again, 2 |
4 but 4 does not 2 and so it is not a symmetric relation.
8. Which of the following is an equivalence relation on R, for a, b ∈ Z?
a) (a-b) ∈ Z
b) (a2+c) ∈ Z
c) (ab+cd)/2 ∈ Z
d) (2c3)/3 ∈ Z
Answer: b
Explanation: Let a ∈ R, then a−a = 0 and 0 ∈ Z, so it is reflexive. To see that a-b ∈ Z is symmetric, then
a−b ∈ Z -&gt say, a−b = m, where m ∈ Z ⇒ b−a = −(a−b)=−m and −m ∈ Z. Thus, a-b is symmetric. To see
that a-b is transitive, let a, b, c ∈ R. Thus, a−b ∈ Z; b−c ∈ Z. Let a−b = i and b−c = j, for integers i,j ∈ Z.
Then a−c ='(a−b)+(b−c)=i + j. So, a−c ∈ Z. Therefore a – c is transitive. Hence, (a-b) is an equivalence
relation on the set R. Rest of the options are not equivalence relations.
9. Determine the set of all integers a such that a ≡ 3 (mod 7) such that −21 ≤ x ≤ 21.
a) {−21, −18, −11, −4, 3, 10, 16}
b) {−21, −18, −11, −4, 3, 10, 17, 24}
c) {−24, -19, -15, 5, 0, 6, 10}
d) {−23, −17, −11, 0, 2, 8, 16}
Answer: b
Explanation: For an integer a we have x ≡ 3 (mod 7) if and only if a = 7m + 3. Thus, by calculating

multiples of 7, add 3 and restrict the value of a, so that −21 ≤ x ≤ 21. The set for a = {−21, −18, −11, −4, 3,
10, 17, 24}.
10. For a, b ∈ R define a = b to mean that |x| = |y|. If [x] is an equivalence relation in R. Find the
equivalence relation for [17].
a) {,…,-11, -7, 0, 7, 11,…}
b) {2, 4, 9, 11, 15,…}
c) {-17, 17}
d) {5, 25, 125,…}
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: We can find that [17] = {a ∈ R|a = 17} = {a ∈ R||a| = |17|} = {-17, 17} and [−17] = {a ∈ R|a =
−17} = {a ∈ R||a| = |−17|}= {−17, 17}. Hence, the required equivalence relatio
n is {-17, 17}.
Functions
1. A function is said to be ______________ if and only if f(a) = f(b) implies that a = b for all a and b in the
domain of f.
a) One-to-many
b) One-to-one
c) Many-to-many
d) Many-to-one
Answer: b
Explanation: A function is one-to-one if and only if f(a)≠f(b) whenever a≠b.
2. The function f(x)=x+1 from the set of integers to itself is onto. Is it True or False?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: For every integer “y” there is an integer “x ” such that f(x) = y.
3. The value of ⌊1/2.⌊5/2⌋ ⌋ is ______________
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0.5
Answer: a
Explanation: The value of ⌊5/2⌋ is 2 so, the value of ⌊1/2.2⌋ is 1.
4. Which of the following function f: Z X Z → Z is not onto?
a) f(a, b) = a + b
b) f(a, b) = a
c) f(a, b) = |b|
d) f(a, b) = a – b
Answer: c
Explanation: The function is not onto as f(a)≠b.
5. The domain of the function that assign to each pair of integers the maximum of these two integers is
___________
a) N
b) Z
c) Z +
d) Z+ X Z+
Answer: d
Explanation: The domain of the integers is Z+ X Z+.
6. Let f and g be the function from the set of integers to itself, defined by f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = 3x + 4.
Then the composition of f and g is ____________
a) 6x + 9
b) 6x + 7
c) 6x + 6
d) 6x + 8
Answer: a
Explanation: The composition of f and g is given by f(g(x)) which is equal to 2(3x + 4) + 1.
7. __________ bytes are required to encode 2000 bits of data.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 8
Answer: b
Explanation: Two bytes are required to encode 2000 (actually with 2 bytes you can encode up to and
including 65,535.
8. The inverse of function f(x) = x3 + 2 is ____________
a) f -1 (y) = (y – 2) 1/2
b) f -1 (y) = (y – 2) 1/3
c) f -1 (y) = (y) 1/3
d) f -1 (y) = (y – 2)
Answer: b
Explanation: To find the inverse of the function equate f(x) then find the value of x in terms of y such
that f -1 (y) = x.
Inverse of a Function
1. For an inverse to exist it is necessary that a function should be __________
a) injection
b) bijection
c) surjection
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: b
Explanation: Inverse exist only for those functions which are one one and onto.
2. If f(x) = y then f-1(y) is equal to __________
a) y
b) x
c) x2
Answer: b
Explanation: On giving inverse, image the function returns preimage thus f-1 (y) = x.
3. A function f(x) is defined from A to B then f -1 is defined __________
a) from A to B
b) from B to A
c) depends on the inverse of function
Answer: b
Explanation: Inverse associate each element in B with corresponding element in A.
4. If f is a function defined from R to R, is given by f(x) = 3x – 5 then f –1(x) is given by __________
a) 1/(3x-5)
b) (x+5)/3
c) does not exist since it is not a bijection
Answer: b
Explanation: y = 3x-5, x = (y+5)/3, f -1(x) = (x+5)/3.
5. For some bijective function inverse of that function is not bijective.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: If f(x) is a bijection than f -1(x) is also a bijection.

6. f(x) is a bijection than f -1(x) is a mirror image of f(x) around y = x.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Inverse of a function is the mirror image of function in line y = x.
7. If f is a function defined from R to R, is given by f(x) = x2 then f -1(x) is given by?
a) 1/(3x-5)
b) (x+5)/3
c) does not exist since it is not a bijection
Answer: c
Explanation: It is not a one one function hence Inverse does not exist.
8. For any function fof -1(x) is equal to?
a) x
b) 1
c) x2
Answer: a
Explanation: Composition of a function with its inverse gives x.

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1. If f(t) = 1, then its Laplace Transform is given by?

3. If f(t)=√t, then its Laplace Transform is given by?

4. If f(t) = sin(at), then its Laplace Transform is given by?

5. If f(t) = tsin(at) then its Laplace Transform is given by?

6. If f(t) = eat, its Laplace Transform is given by?

7. If f(t) = tp where p > – 1, its Laplace Transform is given by?

9. If f(t) = tcos(at), its Laplace transform is given by?

13. If f(t) = cos(at) + atsin(at), its Laplace transform is given by?

14. If f(t) = sin(at + b), its Laplace transform is given by?

15. If f(t) = cos(at + b), its Laplace transform is given by?

Existence and Laplace Transform of Elementary Functions – 2

1. If f(t) = sinhat, then its Laplace transform is?

2. If f(t) = coshat, its Laplace transform is given by?

3. If f(t) = eat sin(bt), then its Laplace transform is given by?

4. If f(t) = eat cos(bt), then its Laplace transform is?

5. If f(t) = eat sinh(bt) then its Laplace transform is?

7. If f(t) = tn ⁄ n, then its Laplace transform is?

8. If f(t) = 1 ⁄ √Πt, then its Laplace transform is?

9. If f(t) = t⁄2 a sinat, then its Laplace transform is?

10. If f(t) = δ(t), then its Laplace transform is?

11. If f(t) = te-at, then its Laplace transform is?

12. If f(t) = u(t), then its Laplace transform is?

13. f(t) = t, then its Laplace transform is?

15. If L { f(t) } = F(s), then L {kf(t)} = ?

Laplace Transform by Properties – 1

2. Laplace transform any function changes it domain to s-domain.

3. Laplace transform if sin⁡(at)u(t) is?

4. Laplace transform if cos⁡(at)u(t) is?

5. Find the laplace transform of et Sin(t).

6. Laplace transform of t2 sin⁡(2t).

10. Value of ∫∞−∞etlog(1+t)dt = ?

11. Find the laplace transform of y(t)=et.t.Sin(t)Cos(t).

12. Find the value of ∫∞0tsin(t)cos(t).

13. Find the laplace transform of y(t)=e|t-1| u(t).

2. Poles of any transfer function is define as the roots of equation of denominator

3. Zeros of any transfer function is define as the roots of equation of numerator

4. Find the poles of transfer function which is defined by input x(t)=5Sin(t)-u(t)

8. Any system is said to be stable if and only if ____________

a) 1⁄12 et – 1⁄13 Cos(-t) – 1⁄12 Sin(-t) – 1⁄156 e-5t

7. Initial value theorem states that ___________

8. Find the value of x(∞) if

9. Find the value of x(0) if

a) 1⁄3 et [Cos(t) – Cos(2t)].

11. Find the inverse laplace transform of

1. Find the laplace transform of f(t), where

2. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{1}{(s+2)^4})\).

3. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{s}{(s-1)^7})\).

4. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{s}{2s+9+s^2})\).

5. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{(s+1)}{(s+2)(s+3)}\right )\).

7. Find the \(L^{-1} (\frac{1}{(s^2+4)(s^2+9)})\).

8. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s}{(s^2+1)(s^2+2)(s^2+3)}\right )\).

9. Find the \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{s+1}{(s-1)(s+2)^2}\right )\).

10. The \(L^{-1} \left (\frac{3s+8}{s^2+4s+25}\right )\) is \(e^{-st}

1. Find the domain of the function defined by f(z)=z/(z+z̅ ).

4. Let f(z)=(z2–z–1)7. If α2+α+1=0 and Im(α)>0, then find f(α).

8. Define f(z)=z2+bz−1=0 and g(z)=z2+z+b=0. If there exists α satisfying