RATIO AND PROPORTION equal to zero, then we have two ratios a:b and c:d.

The proportion of this

two ratio is denoted by a:b = c:d.
RATIO
• There are 2 parts of proportion which are the Extremes and
• Comparison of two numbers
Means.
• Relationship between two values.
Extremes
• Ratio is illustrated by a colon (:)
a:b=c:d
• Ratio can be expressed also into fraction
Means
Example of Ratio
◈ Product of the extremes and means are equal.
1. In a class there are 21 boys and 27 girls. What is the ratio of the boys to
girls? ◈ ad = bc

Answer: 7:9 Example of Proportion

2. What is the ratio of the girls to boys? ◈ Determine whether the following ratio is a proportion.

Answer: 9:7 1. 2:3 and 6:9 – proportion

◈ Erika is going to school with her bag containing 12 notebooks, 6 books, 3 2. 20:30 and 30:20 - Not Proportion
papers, and 2 pens. What is the ratio of the papers to notebooks?
3. 53:21 and 106:42 - Proportion
Answer: 1:4
4. 9:27 and 1:3 – Proportion
What is the ratio of the pens to books?
Example of Proportion
Answer: 1:3
◈ Kathleen has chocolates and candies in her pocket. The ratio of
What is the ratio of the papers to books to notebooks? chocolates to candies is 3:5. If Kathleen has 21 chocolates, then how many
candies does she have?
Answer: 1:2:4
Solution: 3:5 = 21:x
What is the ratio of the papers to the total number of items in the bag?
3x = 105
Answer: 3:23
x = 35
PROPORTION
Answer: 35 candies
• It is the equality of two proportion.
◈ Geneva can bake 25 pandesal in 2 hours. How many pandesal can Geneva
• We let a, b, c and d be real numbers where b and d are not
bake in 6 hours?
Solution: 2:25 = 6:x

2x = 150 Example of Partitive Proportion

x = 75 ◈ Four children decided to celebrate their parent’s anniversary by eating

out in an expensive restaurant. They decided to divide the expenses into a
Answer: 75 Pandesal
ration 2:3:4:5. How much each of the children pays if the cost is P 7, 406.00?
TYPES OF PROPORTIONS
Solution : 2n+3n+4n+5n=7406
• Direct Proportion – is a type of proportion wherein if the number
14n=7406
increases, then the other number increases also.
n=529
• Inverse Proportion – is a type of proportion wherein, the number
increases if and only if the number decreases. 2n=1058

• Partitive Proportion – type of proportion wherein the whole is divided 3n=1587

into ratio parts.
4n=2116
Example of Direct Proportion
5n=2645
◈ Bernie is working in a company and get paid 350 pesos per hour. How
1058+1587+2116+2645=7406
much will Bernie earn if he works for 4 hours a day? 6 hours a day? 8 hours
a day? Therefore, the children paid P 1058, P 1587, P 2116 and P2645,
1:350 Bernie work 1 hour a day and get paid 350 pesos. respectively.
4:1400 Bernie work 4 hours a day and get paid 1400 pesos

6:2100 Bernie work 6 hours a day and get paid 2100 pesos

8:2800 Bernie work 8 hours a day and get paid 2800 pesos

Example of Inverse Proportion

◈ Five people can make a “bahay kubo” in 48 hours. How many hours will
10 people make a “bahay kubo”? 15 people?

5:48 5 people can make a bahay kubo in 48 hrs

10:24 10 people can make a bahay kubo in 48 hours

15:16 15 people can make a bahay kubo in 16 hours