Japanese Period OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

How and when did it start?

 3 years occupation, started on December 1941
 Darkest event in Philippine History
 Manila fell into Japanese hand
 World War 2
 Philippine became one of the battle ground/field during World War 2
 Battle of Bataan and the Battle of Corregidor during April 1942.
 Bataan Death March
 Guerrilla Movement/Welfare : HUKBALAHAP or Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon.
 The Return of McArthur
 Manila became the second most damaged city during World War 2
Culture
 The Japanese occupation of the Philippines lasted for over three years which started on December 8, 1941, General Douglas
helped free the Philippines from Japan. Although it was a short-term colonization, Japan provided a significant
amount of cultural influence during their occupation.
 Although there was a significant amount of Japanese literature, music, language, and traditions that had been passed on to the
Philippines, specifically in the Davao region, fear and violence during that era which molded Filipino nationalism
are the primary contributions of Japanese culture during their occupation.
Way of Living
 Lack of food, very expensive prices and almost no food to buy have become the problem in the Manila city and even in the
provinces.
 Pets, chickens and vehicles owned by the people were confiscated by the Japanese.
 People in the city have no work to do and in order to survive they became busy with “buy and sell”.
 Mickey Mouse money has no value in the market.
 President Jose P. Laurel ordered the planting of vacant lots to alleviate the property.
 Bigasang Bayan or BIBA was established to create and distribute rice in the community.
 A consumer cooperative was also established. The National Economics Board was created to oversee the resolution of
production and sales problems.
 The National Distribution Corporation (NADISCO) is also created by President Laurel to make distribution of goods equal
throughout the country.
 The Neighborhood Association was formed to maintain peave and order at night.
Forms of Literature
LITERATURE
 Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work.
 Etymologically, the term derives from Latin litaritura/litteratura “writing formed with letters,” although some definitions
include spoken or sung texts.
 It can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama, and works are often
categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).
Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose.
Definitions of literature have varied over time. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in
which it began to demarcate “imaginative” literature.
 Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia and comprises one of the major literatures in the world,
comparable to English literature in age and scope.
 Japan adopted its writing system from China, often using Chinese characters to represent Japanese words with similar
phonetic sounds.
 During theEdo period, the rise of an urban middle class, increased literacy and the importation of Chinese vernacular
literature stimulated the development of a number of new genres, such as kabuki theater, comedy, historical
romances known as “yomihon,” horror, crime stories, and morality stories.
 When Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the nineteenth century, exposure to Western literature
influenced Japanese authors to develop more subjective, analytical styles of writing.
 Today Japanese literature of all periods is enjoyed by modern readers all over the world, who can relate to the sentiments and
expressions of emotion which transcend cultural differences and historical distance.
Magazine
Magazine, also called periodical, a printed or digitally published collection of texts (essays, articles, stories, poems), often
illustrated, that is produced at regular intervals (excluding newspapers).The modern magazine has its roots in early
printed pamphlets, broadsides, chapbooks, and almanacs, a few of which gradually began appearing at regular
intervals.
LIWAYWAY
Liwayway’s mix of prose with illustration and their wide array of genres benefited not only the magazine itself but other
comics and magazines that came after it.
After Liwayway began publishing their comic serials, the magazine as well as other comics that followed began to move from
short strips to longer, episodic serials mirroring novels.
Liwayway was founded in 1922 by Don Ramon Roces, in no time becoming the most widely-read publication in Tagalog.
Later, Don Ramon put out Bisaya for the Cebuano, Banawag for the Ilocano, Hiligaynon for the Ilonggo, Bicolnon
for the Bicolano. It considered the "longest running magazine".
Haiku
Haiku is free verse. It is divided in there lines; first line contains of 5 syllables, the second had 7 syllables and third, five with a
total of 17 syllables. Haiku is short but it is meaningful. Gonzalo K. Flores was the first Filipino who write haiku,
titled; Tutubi (Dragonfly) and Anyaya (Invitation).
Tanaga
a poem that has 4 lines and it has seven syllables per line or 7-7-7-7.
It has AAAA or AABB, ABBA or ABAB rhyming pattern.
Idelfonso Santos wrote a tanaga poem titled:PALAY and KABIBI.
Drama
 The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. The
big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to
Tagalog.
A few of playwriters were:
1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA
2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote sa PULA, SA PUTI
3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA (an expression in the game Hide and Seek).
4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY.
Short Stories
The best writings in 1945 were selected by a group of judges composed of Francisco Icasiano, Jose Esperanza Cruz, Antonio
Rosales, Clodualdo del Mundo and Teodoro Santos.
Novel
Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by Japanese in the writing and publishing of work in English. Philippines
Literature in English experienced a dark period.
Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P. Romulo who won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers I SAW THE FALL OF
THE PHILIPPINES