RIVERA, ZYRENE MAY C.

OCOTBER 11, 2021

BSN-2 MS. KATHLEEN CORCOLON

PHARMACOLOGY

Write the indications, classification, and uses of the drugs acting on

the peripheral and central nervous system.

ANXIOLYTIC

INDICATION:

 Anxiolytic benzodiazepines are used in the treatment of anxiety.

Nonmedical use has widely developed, mainly because of their
ability to generate addiction. Main indications are anxiety
disorders with or without depressive symptoms. Action mechanisms
include complex interaction with GABA-receptor.

CLASSIFICATION:

 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

 Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
 Benzodiazepines
 Tricyclic Antidepressants

USES OF THE DRUG:

 anxiolytics are used to treat symptoms of anxiety disorders,

including generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia. Some
are also used as sedatives before anesthesia for medical
procedures.

HYPNOTIC AGENTS

INDICATION:

 Doctors prescribe hypnotics to treat insomnia. Insomnia is a

sleep problem that may involve difficulty falling or staying
asleep. Inadequate sleep affects mood, energy levels, health, and
work performance. Common causes of insomnia are stress, traumatic
events, depression, anxiety, and medications

CLASSIFICATION:

 There are many types of hypnotic drugs, and doctors recommend and
prescribe them based on the type of sleep problem you have.
 Lifestyle and sleep habit changes also are effective for treating
certain types of sleep problems.

USES OF THE DRUG:

 Hypnotics are used for the treatment of insomnia which is

characterized by difficulties with falling asleep or maintaining
sleep. Specific hypnotics such as Intermezzo (zolpidem tartrate)
can be used for insomnia involving middle-of-the-night waking
followed by difficulty returning to sleep.

ANTIMANIC

INDICATION:

 Antimanic agents help to calm episodes of mania in people with

bipolar disorder, and they may be used in other conditions where
people periodically display periods of great excitement or
euphoria, delusions, or over-activity.

CLASSIFICATION:

 Antimanic drugs considered in this chapter are lithium salts,

carbamazepine, and semisodium valproate (containing valproic
acid). Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate are particularly
useful in the prophylaxis of bipolar mood disorder, as well as
having a role in the treatment of mania itself

USES OF THE DRUG:

 Antimanic drug, any drug that stabilizes mood by controlling

symptoms of mania, the abnormal psychological state of
excitement.

ANTI SEIZURE

INDICATION:

 Anti-seizure medicines work by reducing the abnormal electrical

activity in the brain that is causing the seizures. Different
medicines do this in different ways, and some work better for
certain kinds of seizures than others.

CLASSIFICATION:

 valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote),

 lamotrigine (Lamictal), and.
 topiramate (Topamax).
USES OF THE DRUG:

 Antiepileptic medications work in different ways to prevent

seizures, either by decreasing excitation or enhancing
inhibition. Specifically, they act by either: Altering electrical
activity in neurons by affecting ion

ANTIPARKINSONISM

INDICATION:

 An antiparkinson agent that inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-

methyltransferase (COMT), potentiating dopamine activity and
increasing the duration of action of levodopa.

CLASSIFICATION:

 major antiparkinson drugs are levodopa, dopamine-receptor

agonists, amantadine, and the so-called COMT (catechol-O-
methyltransferase) inhibitors, MAO-B (monoamine oxidase B)
inhibitors, and muscarinic receptor antagonists.

USES OF THE DRUG:

 An antiparkinson agent that inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-

methyltransferase (COMT), potentiating dopamine activity and
increasing the duration of action of levodopa.

MUSCLE RELAXANTS

INDICATION:

 diazepam for severe muscle spasms and for spasticity associated

with neurological disorders. Valium and Diastat are common brand
names of this drug in the United States.

CLASSIFICATION:

 antispasmodics and antispastics. Antispastics directly affect the

spinal cord or the skeletal muscles with the aim of improving
muscle tightness and spasms. Antispasmodics help reduce muscle
spasms via the central nervous system.

USES OF THE DRUG:

 Muscle relaxants work by causing the muscles to become less tense

or stiff, which in turn reduces pain and discomfort
NARCOTIC AGENTS

INDICATION:

 They are only used for pain that is severe and is not helped by
other types of painkillers.

CLASSIFICATION:

 A substance used to treat moderate to severe pain. Narcotics are

like opiates such as morphine and codeine, but are not made from
opium. They bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous
system

USES OF THE DRUG:

 opioid pain relievers

ANESTHETICS

INDICATION:

 IV anesthesia induction; (esp. short procedures with minimal pain

and high risk of. raised intracranial pressure.
 Reduction of. intracranial pressure. for. brain edema. following
trauma or surgery.
 Sedation for electroconvulsive therapy. (methohexital)
 Convulsion during or after anesthesia.

CLASSIFICATION:

 5 main classes of anesthetic agents: intravenous (IV)

anesthetics, inhalational anesthetics, IV sedatives, synthetic
opioids, and neuromuscular blocking drugs.

USES OF THE DRUG:

 Anesthesia is a treatment using drugs called anesthetics. These

drugs keep you from feeling pain during medical procedures.
Anesthesiologists are medical doctors who administer anesthesia
and manage pain. Some anesthesia numbs a small area of the body.