Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Treaty Ruled On The Conditions of The Billeting
The Treaty Ruled On The Conditions of The Billeting
Implementation and
consequences[edit]
Alexander Leslie
Stralsund was the only town in the Duchy of
Pomerania to resist imperial occupation,
resulting in the Battle of Stralsund.[22] Unwilling
to surrender the considerable independence it
had long enjoyed as a Hanseatic town,
Stralsund ignored the duke's order to adhere to
the capitulation, instead turned
to Denmark and Sweden for support and was
aided in her defense by both.[23] Christian IV of
Denmark deployed a Scottish force raised
by Donald Mackay, and the Scots Alexander
Seaton and Alexander Leslie were in charge of
the defense when the former colonel, Holke,
retired to seek reinforcements.[24][nb 3] Wallenstein
laid siege to the town, and in July 1628
commanded several unsuccessful assaults in
person.[25] When Stralsund turned out to become
his first serious misfortune in the war, he lifted
the siege to win a last battle against Christian
IV near Wolgast.[25] Christian IV, who had
already destroyed Wallenstein's naval facilities
in Greifswald,[26] had intended to secure another
Pomeranian port besides Stralsund there, but
was utterly defeated and retreated to Denmark.
[27]
Stralsund however signed an alliance
with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, providing
him with a bridgehead on imperial territory
manned with a Swedish expeditionary force and
thus ultimately marking the Swedish entrance
into the Thirty Years' War.[25]
In February 1629, Bogislaw XIV pledged to
ease the occupation, and though Ferdinand
II re-assured the duke, he took no action.
[28]
Instead the imperial Edict of Restitution of
March advertised the re-Catholization of the
empire’s Protestant states.[21] The Treaty of
Lübeck, which ended the hostilities between the
Danish king and the emperor in May, likewise
did not result in a relief or a lift of the
occupation,[21] even though the capitulation of
Franzburg had been justified with the emperor's
right to recruit military support from his subjects
to their own and the empire's protection.[1]
After France had mediated a truce between
the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth in September 1629, Sweden
was ready for an invasion of the Holy Roman
Empire.[25] The invasion was started when
Gustavus Adolphus' troops landed
on Usedom island in the spring of 1630, while
simultaneous assaults on Rügen and the
adjacent mainland by the Stralsund garrison
cleared his flank.[29] As a consequence, the
capitulation of Franzburg was replaced by a
Pomeranian-Swedish alliance confirmed in
the Treaty of Stettin.[30]