Panspermia - The panspermia theory has
origins in Egypt's Old Kingdom, as well as early
Hinduism, the philosophy of Greek pre-Socratic
philosopher Anaxagoras, and Jewish and
Christian Gnostics.
- According to the panspermia theory, microbial
life exists in space or on bodies such as
comets and asteroids, and it may be safely
delivered to Earth and begin life there.
- The idea of panspermia is that life on earth
did not originate on earth but it came from
somewhere else
- could be interstellar or interplanetary
 The term "interstellar panspermia"
refers to the movement of life among star
systems.
 The transportation of life through
surrounding stars and planets is known
as interplanetary panspermia.
- The idea's origins can be traced back to the
Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaxagoras
of Clazomenae (500 to 428 BCE). The Pre-
Socratics were more scientists than
philosophers, and they attempted to discover
reasonable explanations for the world around
them. Anaxagoras cites ‘seeds' (in Greek,
spermata) as part of the cosmos twice in his
cosmological thoughts, however he does not
define the term.
RNA World - The basic concept behind a "RNA
World" is that during the first stages of life on
Earth, RNA replication ensured hereditary
stability, and genetically imprinted proteins were
not used as catalysts.
- Because it has a structure that is extremely
comparable to DNA, RNA may perform the
same role as DNA in terms of storing and
transmitting genetic data.
- Carl Woese, Francis Crick, and Leslie Orgel
came up with the RNA World Hypothesis in
the 1960s. It is hypothesized that early
living forms stored genetic information
solely in RNA.
- According to the RNA world, a self-
replicating RNA evolved billions of decades
ago in certain primordial mix of chemicals.
“Metabolism-first” model - that the quality of
the original formulation that led to “life” and the
interconnected networks of chemical processes
that increased in development through time
was organized chemical reactions, not
replication
- Alexander Oparin proposed the
"Metabolism First" hypothesis to define the
start of life during the first half of the
twentieth century, emphasizing the main
role of cells as little amounts of
coacervates.
- Simple molecules like acetate, a two-carbon
chemical generated from carbon dioxide
and water, are formed spontaneously in the
early processes.
Chilly start - Because the sun was three times
less bright than it is now, ice may have filled
the oceans 3 billion years ago. This coating of
ice, which may have been hundreds of feet
thick, could have insulated the water's fragile
organic molecules from ultraviolet radiation and
cosmic impacts.
- Some scientists believe life evolved inside
hundreds of feet of ice that reportedly
blanketed the early oceans, rather than
super-hot hydrothermal vents.
- Ice cracks could have provided a secure
environment for the first life on Earth to
replicate and evolve, similar to a cell.
- In 1994, scientists postulated that repeated
cycles of freezing and thawing could help
speed up some of the chemical reactions
required for life.
Deep-sea vents - When seawater circulates
through heated volcanic rocks on the ocean
floor, a vent forms, which is commonly found
where new oceanic crust is forming.
- According to a new theory, the primordial
life-forms that gave birth to all life on Earth
deserted deep-sea vents because they
"invented" a tiny pump. Life-giving chemical
reactions would have been fueled by these
primitive cellular pumps.
- In 1977, scientists discovered surprising
biological populations living near oceanic
hydrothermal vents, distant from sunlight
and flourishing on a chemical soup rich in
hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur
emitted by the geysers. Scientists then
argued that hydrothermal vents provided an
excellent habitat for microbial life to
originate on early Earth, based on these
discoveries.
Community clay - Clay produces a hydrogel,
which is a mass of small gaps capable of
absorbing liquids like a sponge, in replicated
ancient seawater. Chemicals contained in tiny
niches may have carried out the complicated
processes that resulted in the formation of
proteins, DNA, and finally all of the machinery
that makes a living cell function over billions of
years.
- Clay is a viable candidate because
biomolecules adhere to its surface, and
theorists have demonstrated that
cytoplasm, a cell's internal environment,
functions similarly to a hydrogel.
- Community Clay proposes that life began
and was ultimately created within the
Earth's layers of clay.
- Clay idea of life genesis was proposed by
A. Graham Cairns-Smith (Cairns-Smith
1982). He based his theory on the idea that
the original structure for information transfer
could have been a clay-like inorganic
substance rather than an organic complex.

Electric spark - The Electric Spark Theory

proposes that life began with the creation of
amino acids by electricity.