Tugas TPL 4

Miranda Amiroh Sulaiman

6008202013
Solution
The fluid flow in circular tube becomes turbulent when the
normally Reynold Number defined to be
-

Re = D<Vt#
m

exceeds 2100 Use formula below to write the terms of the modified pressure difference
.

average velocity in

(
-22 ) Ri Po
Re =

DF 8µL
=
12k
)p Ipo -22 ) R2
M 8µL
= Ho ji )pR3
-

4µL
Because the tube is horizontal , is irrelevant here , which the pressure be used instead
gravity of
-

means
p
can

modified pressure
'
Po pi )pR
-
}

Re =

4µL
-
Solve for the gradient
pressure

po-j-f.LY Re

2
4118,3 CP ✗ 10 ' Pa .
s Icp )
=

(-1%15)/2.67
-
'

11.32 Fix !÷g ✗ im ✗

¥5m)
-2 (Pa sj 2
I 1,1
.

✗ to

Fg
" "
10-5 PI 44504×10 flint
= 1,1 ✗

KM
✗
1 Pa
✗
hbmgm_
26
=

P
Solution
a. Application of Equation 5.4-4 gives

Po pi)R
(
To
-

2L

11 psi ) 10,25ft )
=

215280ft)
= 2,367×10-5 psi
= 0,1633Pa

b. the properties of water at 68°F

999,2 kg / m3
p
=

1,0019×10-3
pa.SU
µ
=

1,0037×10-6
= m2 / s

-
Find the shear velocity

to = =
0,1633kg /m.si
}
999,2kg /m
=
0,01278 Mls = 0,503 in Is

Oo 0.01278 Mls '

= = 11273×104 Wi
T 110037×10-6 my,

R = 3in = 0,0762M

At the tube -1
10,0762m)( 1,273×104 mi') Ooty =p
Ryoo
-
center
, y =
=
=
970 and figure 5.5-3 gives =
22,7

Consequently ,
 Jt Max = 22,7 Uo =
0,250 Mls ✓
+
= 22,7 Jzlittmax and
y /R
=
5+1970

-
We can now tabulate the time -
smoothed velocity profile . Asterisked value of it / Jt Max are added here

to better calculation (d)

give a
of the mass flow rate in part .

7 from graph 5.5-3

c. the graph

d. The estimate <it> I 0,85 Ñzmax < it> I 10185110,250 Mls ) Hence
gives .

12×0,0762 m) ( 0,85 ) ( 0,250 Mls )

Re = =

( 1,0037×10-0 m2 / s)

=
3,7×106

so ,
the flow is turbulent .

e. the mean value

of Vt over the cross section is
glow
-

( Vt) =

| ,
v
+
dlr / R)
2
 Applying trapezoidal quadrature to the value calculated in (b) , we
get

f) Vt dlr / Rp =/ °Y / [12-0,99772] ( 2117+2454-1 [0,99772-0,9955] ( 4542+6-81-1 [0,9955-0,99252]

+ +

(6.812-9.08) [0,99251-0,98762]-1 / 908¥35) [0,98762-0,98142]+(111352%62)[0,98142-0,97161]

+

+
(1%62+2-15189) [0,97162-0,9361]-1 / 151892+-18116/[0,9361-0,8252] ( 18.1621%3%[0,8251-0,7421]
+

+
(1%30-{-20-4}) [0,7422-0,1361] ( 2943+0%7-1 [0,5362-02]
+

= 18,8 Mls

Hence ,

(Tt) = Lvt > Vo = 48,8 Mls ) ( 0,01278 Mls )

=
0,241 Mls

and
w = IT R' WI >
p
= IT ( 0,0762mi ( 999,2kg / Mt ) ( 0,241m/s)
=
4,4 kg / s = 9,7 Ibm Is

solution
a. The ratio of
average to maximum velocity is obtained as follows for the power
-
law
expression
:
b. For the logarithmic profile we have

In the above we have used the fact that in the limit as ✗ to ten , In ✗ vanishes
goes ✗

solution
We 5-3-13 is dimensionless
start with
Eg form
-
.

from which

/÷Hy+
'
d
dy
-1
1- =

-11¥ / + . . .

-
For slit flow with thickness 213 , we have

Iyx Iii Iii

'
= + = -
To
/ ¥)
1- =

-1ps pity
+

dy

where the been used write this last

definition of turbulent viscosity in
Eg . 5.4-1 has .
If now we equation
in dimensionless form , we have

= -
i +
(E) y-1=-11 YE / 1¥ +
.
 dimensionless
Substituting the velocity gradient obtained from Eg 5.3-13 into this expression gives
-

-
it /÷ )y -1=-1 -1¥ )y+ +17¥)'t
,
. . . -

qÉ+Mµo÷)y++q,¥s)'t ooo

Terms and terms 9- and 2

1 2 on the left exactly balance on
right Terms 3 on the right
the
-

will
exactly cancel term 4 if the expression for the turbulent viscosity given in Eg 5.4-2 is used
.
.

With the the

same substitution ,
terms 5 and 6 on
right side are of
higher order and can be neglected
in the vicinity of the wall .