Gandhigram WATSAN Project

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Integrated Water and Sanitation Project
Gandhigram
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Keeping memories alive with flowers:
The granite plaque bearing Gandhi’s figure
! put up in 1946 in memory of the ‘rail roko’
near Ambathurai where hundreds of villagers
! stopped his train mid-way to get his blessings. !
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(Source: Mr.Umashankar Report )
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No. Name of the Habitation Total Population Total
Panchayat houses
M F Total
1 Thoppampatti Thoppampatti 332 322 654 165
Muthampatti 132 144 276 77
Ernagampatti 88 93 181 41
Jathigoundanpatti 233 235 468 120
2 Kamalapuram Kamalapuram 819 789 1608 416
Mettur 226 235 461 121
3 Ambathurai Ambathurai 823 872 1695 421
Nadupatti 241 224 465 110
Ramanathapuram 370 394 764 195
4 Patchamalayan Krishnapuram 65 77 142 30
Kottai P.M.kottai 362 369 731 203
Puduchatram 168 141 309 77
Ramasamypuram 68 58 126 32
Total 3927 3953 7880 2008
Caste Groups: SCs, Goundars, Naickars, Pillais and Christian Vanniyars.
Approximate percentage of families living below poverty line (Panchayat-Wise)
Thoppampatti BPL – 87%
Kaamalapuram BPL – 75%
Ambathurai – 80%
Patchamalayan Kottai – 83%
Gandhigram – 68%
(Data Source: Project Document)
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Chinnaponnu, Kaamalapuram about the ‘waterscape’ of her

village prior to the project: “In our colony, the panchayat had
provided the public water connection taps (standposts) one or
two in every street so that a cluster of households could take
turns collecting water. The pump operator would release water
for 1 hour once in five days on a rotational basis to each
street. In case I missed collecting water during those hours or
had extra guests, I had to go to carry water from field pumps
(only if the owners permitted.) The street tap was delicate,
would frequently get damaged by children playing around it.
This added to the water supply issues. Women then had to
start running around to find the mechanic and depending on
his availability the repair would be done. By then we would
miss another week or more. We have had to go without proper
water supply for weeks together this way in the past”.
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Gram Sabha meeting at Samiyarpatti, 2 Nov 2011.
Convenes 4 times a year: 26 January, 1 May, 15 August and 2 October. On account

of panchayat elections, the October meeting was held in November this year.
Attendance: about 150 people. Men and women were in almost equal numbers.
There were mainly six issues that were on the agenda:
1. NREGS social auditing and its budgets for the next year. (there were
disagreements on quality and quantity of the works executed and wages)
2. Indira Yojana free Housing scheme and the invitation to beneficiaries.
3. Road works expenditure and new requests.
4. Discussion on the usage of the newly completed sanitary complex for women
5. Water supply expenditure accounts for three months June –August 2011 that
came to about 1.3 lakh rupees.
6. Lights, ditch building etc.,
To me it was interesting that men were full of sharp questions about details of pumps,
repair expenses and enquired on each item, (“when we get a four year warranty from
manufacturers, why spend so much on repairs?”) women just kept quiet. But the
moment one man complained about getting potable water supply only twice a week in
his locality, a big group of women who were in areas that receive once a week water
supply shouted him down!
Women were also very active during the NRGES discussions comparing the wages
with other Panchayats. The issue that took least time was sanitary complex! The
president announced the completion of the complex and urged women to start using
it. He even promised to light up the path all the way up to the complex so that
reaching there at night shouldn’t be a problem for women!
One young man who was asking most questions was advised by a few elders to tone
down his cynical remarks and speak with decorum in public.
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P&*,<
Name of the Type of trainings (1.11.2010 to 31.7.20100

Panchayat
PRI PTA: schools MHM: Solid/liquid Accounts Water quality
Elected body Menstrual Waste Training: WUG, Testing PPOs,
health Management Animators etc., VWSC
No M F No. M F No F No M F No M F No M F
. . . . .
Thoppam
patti 1 12 14 2 11 24 1 38 1 10 32 1 10 16 1 5 17
Ambathurai 2 31 32 2 8 30 1 43 1 6 32 1 9 15 1 5 16
Kamala
puram 1 12 26 2 10 28 1 39 1 9 36 1 12 13 1 5 15
P.M.Kottai 2 27 48 1 3 15 1 37 1 6 32 1 10 15 1 7 14
Gandhigram 1 10 14 2 2 24 2 77 1 9 30 1 8 16 1 13 10
Total 7 92 134 9 34 121 6 234 5 40 162 5 49 75 5 35 72

Grand Total
Attendees 226 155 239 202 124 107
!
!
!
!
!
A Training programme for PTA (Parent Teacher Project Extension Officer Mr.Subramani at a GP meeting
Association) is in progress in school. (Ambathurai) of the newly elected body (President, Vice
(Source:Jan-March 2011 report.) president + 5 ward members). He was invited to give
details of the project (15 Nov 2011) for future
collaboration with the new members.
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Location of toilet: In this scheme house above,
the opening on the right is the designated toilet
room along the side of the house. But it has
never been used. Instead the beneficiaries
preferred to have a new toilet (left) a little away
from the living space and paid full for it. The
scheme hose toilets have failed in this respect.
Interestingly, many do not mind having the toilet
in front of the house, adjacent to the road. “I don’t need a toilet” - Susai Ammal (above right) of
(Right). Without seeing their culture and values, it Kaamalapuram has never used one in her life, is happy to go
is difficult to make sense of this location taboo. off to her fields in the morning. However, she regularly comes
to inspect the toilet construction going on at her sons’ houses
! and appreciates Gandhigram’s work. “My grand daughters
! are not like me, a different generation..let them have their
bathroom & toilet.”
!
The leech pit outside the toilet:
The pit is about 4’ in dia and 6’ deep; it is connected to the

toilet bowl through a PVC pipe. The brick wall of the sides
is laid in such way that the water content of the excreta is
leeched out into the soil leaving the solid in the pit. This
construction is cheaper than the septic tank that is built for
urban homes that have no soil around them. The
engineer’s estimate is that it would last for about 10 years
for a family of five. A second pit can be dug nearby.
!
Inside of a toilet cum bathroom with two distinctly !
demarcated areas for these tow functions. As far as
!
saw, they were all very well maintained, very clean
and functional; no foul smells either. We made
many surprise visits. People use brushes and soap
(in some cases Harpic) to clean the bowl everyday.
There are no taps inside the bathroom and water is
stored in containers like drums or pots.
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Project team with an elderly couple and their mother during

the destitute survey. Though the couple own their house,
the only source of income is the old age pension. The sons
do not look after them.
Below: An elderly lady in her hut in Ramanathapuram, who

can be considered for a free toilet.
Annakaamu is a young widow

with two children she somehow
is managing to educate in a
missionary school. She has no
siblings. Her only family, in-
laws are in the same village
but do not help her. She works
as an agricultural labourer and
within the tiny space outside
her shack, she is happy to
have a toilet constructed and
willing to contribute as much
labour as she can. ! !
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The toilet complex of Jathigoundam Patti Govt primary school was renovated with Arghyam
funding in 2011 to provide running water, syntex tank, and separate sections for boys, girls
and staff. Since then, it is extremely well maintained by the school, spotlessly clean with no
foul odour. While training children, a detailed demonstration of usage, washing hands, best
practices are shown by the staff with water, bucket etc., and followed up regularly. PTA
monitors the functioning of the toilets.
Below: Ramanathapuram Primary School with renovated toilet and water source,
Ambathurai panchayat.
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A concrete stand post at a public tap (Kaamalapuram) built
for the project earlier. One of the residents had the idea to
divert the run-off water to his plot across the street. He laid
an underground pipe at his expense from this stand post to
his little garden (below) when the concrete road was built.
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Soak Pit of a teashop, Thoppampatti: The soak pit is a structure made of gravel / loose stone in
the ground. Measures about 6’ depth and 4’ft square. The outlet pipe of the building is connected
to it, all the waste water drains into the soak pit preventing water logging. Particularly useful for
houses and public places if they do not have a ditch connection. It is a simple solution for public
space hygiene and groundwater recharging. The project extends technical suggestions and know-
how to the beneficiary and after construction a flat incentive of Rs.450/- is paid to them.
Above Right: A soak pit being constructed at a newly built house by the residents with
Gandhigram’s suggestions. It is planned and built large enough to serve as a rain-water
harvesting unit for the whole building.
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Vermi-Compost Pits at Ceylon Colony:
An effective solution to convert household organic waste into compost with the help of earthworms. Ceylon
colony, as the name suggests has Tamil refugees from Srilanka resettled by Gandhigram from the 80s. All
of them used to work in tea-estates. May be that’s why they have a special interest in gardening and took
to the idea of vermi compost pits quickly. Gandhigram offers technical support and the beneficiary builds a
two-compartment pit to where earthworms break down the organic waste in about 6 weeks into rich
compost. The main threat for the earthworm is from the ants. An all-round moat is built at the base of the
pit. The sack in the picture is filled with ready compost. This is only for household use and is not yet a
commercial activity.
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Some more Green fingers at Thoppampatti.
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It was delightful to see kitchen gardens created out of !
the run-off water from the household taps in the MGR
colony. Under the OHT, the power Pump operator !
Krishnan has created a grove of banana and other
plants in the damp soil around the base of the tank.
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Panchayat sign boards in Thoppampatti.
Left: Total Sanitation Campaign urging

people against stop open defecation and use
toilets. Below: Ban on OAD and littering
public places. The president announces a
penalty of Rs.100/- against open defecation
and dumping garbage.
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Temporary settlement huts of a few nomadic

shepherds from Ramanathapuram district, who raise
sheep in the Sirumalai hills. This type of floating
population had no amenities and cannot be covered
under the construction programme as they do not
own land. NGP aims to target such people through
provision of public sanitary complexes.
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Above: Gandhigram GP’s sanitary complex nearing !
completion. Right: Interior of the Jathigoundampatti’s !
sanitary complex that is being constructed. It houses
4 toilets, 4 bathrooms and a clean washing area.
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Equipped with a separate bore well, OHT and !
storage tanks. The idea is to facilitate all these basic !
amenities for women.
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The staff and researcher collecting data from

residents during the weekly water-hours. The water
meter shown in the picture above is sourced from
Coimbatore (Rs.600/-) and fitted on 68 household
taps and 7 public taps apart from the corresponding
OHT and syntex tanks.
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Chettiapatti is picturesque with good water and agricultural resources.
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Irrespective of socio-economic category, people take pride in clean-swept homes, streets,
schools and balwadis.
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Water availability (potable & non potable) is !
best of its kind compared to the surrounding !
areas. Water is supplied every alternate day !
for 2 hours. Yet, with all this resources, the !
village has an ‘integrated water and !
sanitation crisis’ that is not visible at the
outset!..
! CH%
Street taps / Stand Posts lack proper platforms or flat ground. Some taps are forcibly turned in the
opposite direction of the platform! Below: people wasting large quantities of water near the taps by
washing, letting out bigger puddles everywhere. Overhead tanks have ever larger puddles with
dripping gate valves!
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!
!
! Gate Valves: The gate valves are at ground level, buried in mud and water puddles. This
! increases the danger of water contamination through the pipeline. In all the project villages,
! these gate valves have been shifted above the ground at a good height. !
CS%
Sanitary Complex: State of the
sanitary complex built in 2001. It has
never been used properly in spite of
installed with ts own bore well and
OHT. All around it is the site for OAD
and garbage dumping.
Solid waste management: This

garbage disposal shed has
compartments for organic and non
bio degradable waste except that no
one follows it.
! !
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!
!
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!
!
School Toilets: The primary

school and the balwadi toilets are
either in disuse or in a bad state.
The high school does not have a
functional toilet so the girls and
boys go to the fields or the road
during break.
!
!
!
CI%
Awareness and motivation: None of
the residents we met had household
toilets. Issues like lack of space in home
premises, fully concrete roads,
misgivings about drainage etc., were
cited. Some are waiting for the Govt
scheme houses with attached toilets.
Even those who had space and interest,
were not aware of subsidies and loans.
Some expected 100% free construction
even though they have loan access.
! !
!
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!
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1 Thoppampatti Thoppampatti 332 322 654 165

Muthampatti 132 144 276 77

Jathigoundanpatti 233 235 468 120

2 Kamalapuram Kamalapuram 819 789 1608 416

Mettur 226 235 461 121

3 Ambathurai Ambathurai 823 872 1695 421

Nadupatti 241 224 465 110

Ramanathapuram 370 394 764 195

4 Patchamalayan Krishnapuram 65 77 142 30

Kottai P.M.kottai 362 369 731 203

Puduchatram 168 141 309 77

Total 3927 3953 7880 2008

Caste Groups: SCs, Goundars, Naickars, Pillais and Christian Vanniyars.

Approximate percentage of families living below poverty line (Panchayat-Wise)

Thoppampatti BPL – 87%

Kaamalapuram BPL – 75%

Patchamalayan Kottai – 83%

(Data Source: Project Document)

Chinnaponnu, Kaamalapuram about the ‘waterscape’ of her

Gram Sabha meeting at Samiyarpatti, 2 Nov 2011.

Convenes 4 times a year: 26 January, 1 May, 15 August and 2 October. On account

There were mainly six issues that were on the agenda:

Name of the Type of trainings (1.11.2010 to 31.7.20100

Total 7 92 134 9 34 121 6 234 5 40 162 5 49 75 5 35 72

The leech pit outside the toilet:

The pit is about 4’ in dia and 6’ deep; it is connected to the

Project team with an elderly couple and their mother during

Below: An elderly lady in her hut in Ramanathapuram, who

Annakaamu is a young widow

Vermi-Compost Pits at Ceylon Colony:

Left: Total Sanitation Campaign urging

Temporary settlement huts of a few nomadic

The staff and researcher collecting data from

Solid waste management: This

School Toilets: The primary

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