LESSON 10.0-12.

0 CONTINUATION OF
HANDTOOLS IN BENCHWORK
10.1 DRILLS AND DRILLING
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 DRILLS – cutting tool used in drilling.
 DRILLING – is the operation of producing a circular hole by removing solid
metal.
MACHINE AND ACCESSORIES IN DRILLING
 BENCH TYPE DRILL PRESS MACHINE
o PARTS AND ATTACHMENT

OPERATIONS IN DRILLING
 COUNTERSINKING – the operations of making a cone-shaped
enlargement at the end of a hole as for a flat head screw.
 DRILLING – the operation of producing a circular hole by removing solid
metal.
 REAMING – an operation of sizing and finishing a hole by means of
cutting tool having several cutting edges.
 BORING – is the operation of enlarging a hole by means of an adjustable
cutting tool with only one cutting edge.
  COUNTERBORING – is the operation of enlarging the end of the hole
cylindrically.
 SPOT FACING – is the operation of smoothing and squaring the surfaces
around the hole.
 TAPPING – is the operation of forming internal threads by means of a tool
called tap.
TYPES OF DRILL BIT SHANKS AND PARTS

 STRAIGHT SHANK

 TAPERED SHANK

HOW TO SHARPEN A DRILL

  CORRECT ANGLE
 CORRECT LIP CLEARANCE
 CORRECT POINT ANGLE

11.1 TAP AND TAPPING

TERMINOLOGY
 TAP – is a cylindrical bar of steel with thread formed around it and
grooves or flutes running lengthwise to it, to cut internal threads.
 TAPPING – the process of cutting internal threads by means of cutting
tool called TAP.
SET OF HANDTAPS (Definition)
 TAPER TAP – the tap is tapered or chamfered back from the end at least
six threads.
 PLUG TAP – is chamfered about 3-4 threads.
 BOTTOMING TAP – is merely backed off on the end teeth.
SET OF TAPS (Uses)
 TAPER TAP – is used to start the cutting of the threads and it makes the
hole open at both ends.
 PLUG TAP – is used after the taper tap; used to complete the cutting of
threads near the bottom of the hole, if the hole is blind.
 BOTTOMING TAP – when it is necessary for the threads at the bottom of
the hole to be fully thread.
TAP DRILL SIZE (TDS)
RULE: The size of Tap Drill Size is equal to major diameter minus one, divided
by the number of threads per inch.
FORMULA:

WHERE:
TDS = Tap Drill Size
D = Diameter of Tap
N = Number of Thread per Inch (TPI)

EXAMPLE:
½ TAP = 13 TPI
SOLUTION:

The nearest drill bit size under 0.423” is 0.421” ().

CUTTING INTERNAL THREADS USING TAP (TAPPING)

 Select the correct sizes of tap (insert it in tap wrench).

 Select the correct tap drill (follow the formula:
 Layout and drill a hole for tapping.
 Hold the tap square with the work and turn it until the thread catches.

CUTTING EXTERNAL THREADS USING STOCK AND DIE

 A threading die is a round or square block hardened steel with a hole
containing threads and flutes which form cutting edges.
 It is used to cut a thread on a round bar of metal, such as the thread on a
bolt.
 A die stock is a wrench that holds the die.
STEPS IN CUTTING EXTERNAL THREADS USING DIE AND STOCK
1. Grind or file a chamfer at the end of the stock. This helps to protect the
finished threads and aids in starting the die.
2. Fit the proper die in the die stock with tapered portion of the die
towards the guide collar.
3. Fasten the piece to be threaded in a vise. Apply a few drops of oil.
4. With one hand, hold the die over the workpiece. Turn the die to get it
started, apply even pressure to both handles, and turn the die about
one complete turn. Then back it off slightly.
5. Continues to cut the threads until the desired length is reached.
Remove the die and carefully clear away the chips. Test the piece in
the threaded hole, if it turns hard, the threads can be recut deeper by
adjusting the die.