JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Grade 10

SCIENCE

SCI -BOX
(A SELF -LEARNING PACKAGE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL)

Quarter 1 | Week 1

Earth’s Interior

Grade 10—Science
Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
Science – Grade 10
Sci-Box (A Self-Learning Package) for JHS
Earth’s Interior
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Schools Division of Iloilo
Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City
SCIENCE
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Quarter 1| Lesson 1
This Sci-Box (A Self-Learning Package) is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of
Iloilo.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission from the Schools
Division of Iloilo.

Development Team of Sci-Box

Writers: Neriza B. Acupio, Rizza O. Capalihan, Jennifer P. Domingo,

Analiza A. Magno, Charmaine C. Talento, Socorro D. Zerrudo

Illustrator: Armand Glenn S. Lapor

Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Zaldy M. Tondo

Reviewer: Zaldy M. Tondo

Division Quality Assurance Team: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Zaldy M. Tondo

Armand Glenn S. Lapor,
Ma. Cecilia S. Salarda

Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason

Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Zaldy M. Tondo

Grade 10—Science
Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
Introductory Message
Welcome to Grade 10 Science.

The Sci-Box (A Self-Learning Package) for Junior High School is developed to guide you our
dear learners to meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum.

The Sci-Box aims to guide our learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time. This also aims to assist learners in developing and achieving the lifelong learning skills while
considering their needs and situations.

For learning facilitator: Quarter 1| Lesson 1

The Sci-Box is developed to address the current needs of the learner to continue learning in
the comforts of their homes or learning centers. As the learning facilitator, make sure that you give
them clear instructions on how to study and accomplish the given activities in the material.
Learner’s progress must be monitored.

For the learner:

The Sci-Box is developed to help you, dear learner, in your needs to continue learning even
if you are not in school. This learning material aims to primarily provide you with meaningful and
engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and
understand to follow the instructions given.

REMEMBER ….
To answer the given exercises, questions and assessment, USE your ANSWER SHEET. When you
are DONE, wait for the teacher/volunteer to collect your Answer Sheet.

Good luck and God bless.

Grade 10—Science
Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
 SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE IN

SCIENCE 10
Earth’s Interior
Learning Competency:

Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes,

earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to
Plate Tectonic
Theory (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 4 of 10
 Ready to Launch!
In this module, we focus on the Earth’s interior structure and processes. It is also
discussed how these processes could possibly have affected the Earth’s surface and
caused its physical appearance.

You will use some of your science skills such as graphing, measuring, analyzing and
interpreting data, and inferring for you to attain the desired outcomes. You will study
thoroughly the framework that will enable you to understand how and why several
features of the Earth continuously change. This theory is what we call “Plate Tectonics.”
This describes the events within the Earth that give rise to mountain ranges, volcanoes,
earthquakes, mountain belts, and other features of the Earth’s surface.

Aim at the Target!

At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. tell the composition of the Earth’s interior;
2. describe the composition of the Earth’s interior, and
3. relate the importance of studying the interior layers of the earth.

Try This!
“Interior Structure of the Earth”

Part I. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.

_____1. The Earth’s Crust is solid.

_____2. The Crust is the thickest layer of the Earth.
_____3. Earth’s Mantle is liquid.
_____4. The Mantle can be found beneath the Earth’s Crust.
_____5. The Outer Core is liquid.
_____6. The Inner Core is liquid.
Part II. Direction: Label the different interior layers of the

1.

2.

3.

4.

Figure 1. The Earth’s interior

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 5 of 10
 Keep This in Mind!
Activity
The Earth’s composition tells a story about itself. It gives us clues to its past and proofs
about the gradual and slow changes that it has undergone for over 4.6 billion years.
Have you ever wondered what is under the ground? You leave your footprints in sand
and soil. You touch the soil and play with it. You get some soil samples and identify the
substances present in the soil. But nobody has seen beyond the area where humans
have conducted mining activities. However, man has invented instruments to get
information from the depths of the earth. One such information is on vibration. These
vibrations have been recorded and analyzed. Do you know that the earth’s interior is a
layered structure composed of core, mantle and crust? Table 1 summarizes the nature
of the different layers inside Planet Earth.
Table 1. Interior Layers of the Earth and their Characteristics

Layer Thickness Characteristics Chemical Phase

in kilometers Composition

Crust 40 km Thinnest and the Mostly Oxygen (O) and Solid

outermost layer of the Silicon (Si), less amount of
Earth. Potassium (K), Aluminum
(Al),
Continental 35-40 km Magnesium (Mg),
Found under land masses Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe),
and made of less dense Sodium (Na), Titanium (Ti)
rock such as granite. and Hydrogen (H).

Oceanic 7-10 km Found under the ocean

floor and is made of dense
rock such as basalt. It is
heavier than the
continental crust.

Mantle 2900 km Makes up to 80% of the Iron (Fe), Magnesium Solid

Earth’s total (Mg), Silicon (Si) and
volume and about 68% of Oxygen (O)
its total mass.
Upper layer is partially
molten (Asthenosphere)

Core Very Hot Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)

Outer Core 2200 km Moves around the Liquid
inner core creating
Earth’s magnetism.
Inner Core
Temperature reaches to
1278 km about 5000°C and Solid
solidified as result of
pressure freezing.

Activity 1: “Interior Layer of the Earth”

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 6 of 10
 Objectives:
1. Describe the properties of the interior layers of the Earth.
2. Tell the composition of the interior layers of the Earth.
Procedures:
1. Draw the interior layer of the Earth as shown in Figure 2.
2. Describe the different interior layer of the Earth using symbols from the response
grid on the right of Figure 2.
3. Draw the symbol/s in the corresponding layer of the Earth.
Figure 2. Interior Layer of the Earth

5. Answer the following guide questions:

Q1. What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?
Q2. What elements make up most of the mantle?
Q3. What is the special feature of the upper mantle?
Q4. What materials make up the inner core?
Q5. Based on the table, differentiate the inner core and the outer core in terms of
thickness and phase.
Analysis
1. Differentiate the interior layers of the earth based on its composition.
2. Compare the interior layers of the earth according to physical properties.
3. As a learner, give three ways on how you can share the learnings you have gain so
that others will appreciate the interior layer of the Earth.

Abstraction
• The Earth is composed of three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core which is
subdivided into outer core and inner core.
• The crust is the outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth.

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 7 of 10
• The mantle is the middle layer of the Earth. It makes most of the Earth’s volume and
mass.
• The crust and a part of the upper mantle make up the lithosphere. The lithosphere is
subdivided into portions called lithospheric plates.
• The asthenosphere is the weak layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
• The outer core is made up of molten material. The outer core accounts for the Earth’s
magnetic field.
• The inner core is the deepest layer of the Earth. It is made up of solid nickel and iron.
The temperature in the inner core reaches as high as 5000 oC.

Figure 3. The Earth’s interior

Application
If we cut a piece of fruit in half, we will see that it is composed of three parts:
1) a very thin skin,
2) a seed of significant size located in the center, and
3) most of the mass of the fruit being contained within the flesh.
Cutting the earth we would see:
1) a very thin crust on the outside,
2) a core of significant size in the center, and
3) most of the mass of the Earth contained in the mantle.

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 8 of 10
 Reflect
Direction: Compose a short poem about the interior layer of the Earth. It must have
3 stanzas with 4 lines each. Rubric for grading as follows.

The learner exhibits creativity, originality, and style of writing in

expressing ideas on the given topic; follows general instruction;
15 points
writes legibly, and shows correct grammar, capitalization,
punctuations, and spelling.
The learner exhibits little creativity, originality, and style of
writing in expressing idea on the given topic; follows general
10 points
instruction; provides a title; writes legibly, and have little errors
on grammar, capitalization, punctuations, and spelling.
The learner exhibits creativity, originality, and style of writing in
expressing ideas on the given topic; did not follow general
5 points instruction; have no title; handwriting needs improvement, and
many errors in grammar, capitalization, punctuations, and
spelling.

Reinforcement & Enrichment

“Word Scihunter”
1. In the puzzle below, search at least 5 words related to interior layer of the earth.
2. Write the word and tell something you have learned about it.

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 9 of 10
 Assess Your Learning
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the correct answer.
1 . What makes up the lithosphere?
a. Continental crust c. Oceanic crust and continental crust
b. Crust and the upper mantle d. Upper mantle

2. Miners dig into the Earth in search for precious rocks and minerals. In which layer is
the deepest explorations made by miners?
a. Crust b. Inner core c. Mantle d. Outer core

3. How do you compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core?
a. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust.
b. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust.
c. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust.
d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.

4. The movement of the lithospheric plates is facilitated by a soft, weak and plastic-like
layer. Which of the following layers is described in the statement?
a. Asthenosphere c. Lithosphere
b. Atmosphere d. Mantle

5. The solid center of Earth is the_____.

a. inner core c. asthenosphere
b. lithosphere d. mantle

References & Photo Credits

Department of Education, 2015. Science 10 Learner’s Material
Valdoz, M., Aquino, M., Niong, J., Andaya, M., (2015).Science Links.
Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Rex Bookstore.
Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education. Project EASE Integrated
Science 1, Module 12: Inside the Earth.
https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/earth-word-search/ accessed July 5,
2020.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/earths-interior/
https://geology.com/nsta/earth-internal-structure.shtml

Science 10 Q1 W1 Page 10 of 10