MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN

WORLD

MODULE 1: NATURE OF
MATHEMATICS

©https://rwer.wordpress.com/2018/05/05/mathematics-and-economics /

Prepared by:

JO-ANN C. GARCIA
Faculty – Math and Science Department
Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences

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 Table of contents

TOPIC PAGE
Learning outcomes 3
Introduction to nature of mathematics 4
Patterns and numbers in nature and the world 5-6
Patterns and regularities 7-8
Fibonacci sequence 9-11
Golden ratio 12-16
Application of mathematics in various field 17-21
Activity 22
References 23-24

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Learning outcomes
This module begins with an instruction to the nature of mathematics as an exploration of patterns (in
nature and the environment).

Course Learning
Outcomes:
Module Learning Topic Learning
1.Discuss and Outcomes: Outcomes
argue about the
nature of 1. Explain the
mathematics, nature of 1. Identify patterns
what it is,how it mathematics as in nature and
expressed,repres
a language; regularities in
ented and used; the world.
2. Perform 2. Articulate the
2.Use different
types of reasoning operations on importance of
to justify mathematical mathematics in
statements and expressions one’s life.
arguments made correctly.
about
mathematics and
mathematical
concepts;and

3.Appreciate the
nature and uses
of mathematics in
everyday life.

©https://jloog.com/explore/Puzzle-clipart-learning-outcome/

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 Module 1
Mathe matics in the Modern World

The nature of mathematics

What is Mathematics? Mathematics in our World

Mathematics is a
useful way to think Have you ever tried to imagine a
about nature and our world without math? Have you
world. realized the importance of
mathematics in our daily life?Do
Mathematics is the we actually need it in life?
science of pattern
structure,order, and Wait! There are more questions
relation that has to ask; Have you ever been
evolved from impressed by how food vendors
elemental practices of do not usually make a mistake in
counting,measuring giving you your change after
and describing the buying from them without using
shapes of objects. a calculator? How about when
jeepney drivers give you your
Mathematics is a exact change even while
tool to make life driving? Do you check if you still ©https://blogs.africanmathsinitiative.net/intern-cabrine/2015/03/12/math-is-real-life/

easier for us have enough money for food,
because it is used fare, and other expenses?Do
to quantify, you give attention to the time
organize and control when preparing for school like
our world, predict how long you should take a
phenomena. shower, eat your breakfast, and
travel so you won’t be late for
class?Do you budget your
allowance for a week? Are you
watching the hours you spend to
finish a K-Drama or movies in
Where is Mathematics?
Netflix?
“The world and the All of these activities show that
whole universe is mathematics is at work. They
imbued with involve some form of
mathematics” mathematics.
(Baltazar et. Al, 2018).
In this module, we will discover that
mathematics is not just all about
solving numbers because there are
lots of things in nature that make us
appreciate mathematics more.
Just like what Stewart (1995) stated:
“It is mathematics that reveals the
simplicities of nature , and permits us
to generalize from simple examples to
the complexities of the real world. It
took many people from many different
areas of human activity to turn a
mathematical insight into a useful
product”

“The Pythagoras Patterns And Numbers in Nature and the World

believed that the
nature of the universe Mathematics helps organize patterns
was directly related to and regularities in our world.
mathematics and that
Mathematics helps predict the behavior of
the whole numbers nature and phenomena in the world.
and the ratios formed
by whole numbers Mathematics helps control natureand
occurrences in the world for our own ends.
could be used to
describe and represent Mathematics has numerous applications in the
all natural world making it indispensable.
events”(Aufmann,2014
). 4|Page
Nature’s patterns are visible forms found in the natural world which we can even see as we go for a
walk. Why? Because patterns can be found everywhere.

Come! Let’s explore the world with Mathematics!

1. As we look up the sky each day which stars move,

patterns can be observed. These patterns of stars are
called constellations.

2. There are also patterns that can be found for the weather season cycle
each year. One example is the snowflakes. Snowflakes contain six-fold
symmetry with identical patterns on each arm. No two snowflakes are alike
but can be completely symmetrical within itselt which does not match the
shape of any other snowflake. This happens because it experiences unique
atmospheric conditions ,like humidity and wind, which affect how the
crsytals on the flake form when it falls from the sky.

©http://www.planetdolan.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/15d1.jpg

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3. Patterns can also be found in animals which live either in water or land. Just
like these animals :

Ho w Di d
Leopards, giraffes and dalmatians are covered in patterns of spots.
An i mal s G et
T h ei r Sp o ts
an d Stri p es?
M ath Has an
An sw er !

M ath Has an
An sw er !

These animals
and fish stripes
and spots
Tigers,snakes,and zebras are covered in patterns of stripes.
indicate the
mathematical
regularities in
biological
growth and
form.

Clownfish, moorish idol and clown triggerfish are some of the sea
animals that are covered in patterns.

4.Natural patterns serve as indication to the rules that regulate the flow of
water,sand and air.
Examples of theses natural patterns are the waves across the oceans;
formation of typhoon; sand dunes on deserts; formation of typhoon;
drop of water and others.

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 PATTERNS AND REGULARITIES

WHAT CAN
Have you ever thought that nothing in nature happens without a reason?
you
say about Nature arranges itself in patterns so that it can serve its purpose.
mathematics?
Hence, we can say that Mathematics is really all around us because as we
explore more about our environment we can mathematically descibe nature.
Because mathematics aims to determine and give a detailed explanation of
the abstract patterns or regularities of all kinds.

“Mathematics is
everywhere because it TYPES OF PATTERNS
finds many practical
applications in daily 1.Symmetry- is harmony or beauty of form that results from balanced proportions.
life. God,the
Mathematician A. Bilateral or Mirror Symmetry - a symmetry in which the left and right sides
Architect ,designs of the organism can be divided into approximately mirror image of each other
everything in this along the midline.
universe to follow rules
or formulas. Whether Animals mostly have bilateral or mirror symmetry and even the leaves
following regular or of plants and some flowers such as orchids.
irregular patterns, His
creation benefits
humandkind, His
greatest masterpiece.”
(Baltazar et. Al, 2018).

©https://ecstep.com/natural-patterns/
B. Radial Symmetry- is rotational symmetry around a fixed point (center)
which can be classified as either cyclic or dihedral .Plants as do many
flowers and some groups of animals such as sea anemones often have
radial or rotational symmetry.

©https://ecstep.com/natural-patterns/

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2. Fractals – is defined as a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has
the same statistical character as the whole. The fractals are never ending
patterns because it repeats at different scales.

We might think that we don’t know anything at all about fractals

but we actually do already, why? Because we’ve grown up
in a world full of fractals.
WHAT CAN
YOU SAY
We can see Fractal-like patterns as they occur widely in nature, ABOUT OUR
in phenomena as diverse as clouds, river networks, geologic fault lines, NATURE?
mountains, coastlines, animal coloration, snow flakes, crystals,
blood vessel branching, and ocean waves.

As Joannes Kepler
stated “Those laws
of (of nature) are
within the grasp of
the human mind;
God wanted us to
recognize them by
creating us after His
own image so that
we could share in
His own thoughts”
(Stewart,2010).

3. Spirals - is a curved pattern that focuses on a center point and

a series of circular shapes that revolve around it. Spirals are common
in plants and in some animals, notably mollusks.
“The reason for why plants use a spiral form like the leaf picture above is because
they are constantly trying to grow but stay secure. A spiral shape causes plants to
condense themselves and not take up as much space, causing it to be stronger
and more durable against the elements.“ as discussed by the Franklin institute (2020).

We have already seen the different patterns in nature. Now, let’s discuss more about the
NUMBER PATTERNS in nature.

Have you ever heard the word “Fibonacci” numbers/sequence? you may or may not be so
familiar with “FIBONACCI “ but this is one of the most interesting parts of exploring mathematics in our
nature . Because it is a way of understanding that there are mathematical properties even in nature.
Let’s find out together what it is!

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 FIBONACCI
SEQUENCE
The numbers in nature was observed by Fibonacci.
Perhaps,his most popular contribution is the number that is
seen in the petals of flowers. Let’s look at some of the following
:

© 2020 Web Solutions LLC. and its Licensors

Fibonacci sequence was

invented by the Italian
Calla lily has 1 petal. Trillium has 3 petals. Hibiscus has 5 petals.
Leonardo Pisano
Bigollo(1180-1250) who is
known in mathematical
history by several names
:Leonardo of Pisa (Pisano
means “from Pisa”) and
Fiboanacci means “son of
Bonacci”(his father’s
name: Guglielmo dei
Bonacci).
Cosmos flower has Corn marigold has Some asters have
8 petals. 13 petals. 21 petals

FIBONACCI DAY!

Fibonacci Day is
November 23rd, as it has
the digits "1, 1, 2, 3" which
is part of the sequence. So next Nov
23 let everyone know!

©https://www.mathsisfun.com/
numbers/fibonacci- Daisy can have 34,55, or 89 petals.
sequence.html

Amazingly, that these petal counts represent eleven numbers

of the Fibonacci sequence. However, not all petal numbers of flowers in
nature follow this pattern discovered by Fibonacci. But the pattern
observed by Fibonacci can be seen in most of the flowers.

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But let’s define first, what Fibonacci sequence is.

Fibonacci sequence - is the sequence of numbers which the next term is found by adding the
previous two terms, starting from 0 and 1. It is the set of Fibonacci numbers {𝐹𝑛 } ,

that is {𝐹𝑛 } = {0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,...}.

In particular, denote 𝐹1 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 and 𝐹2 =1 for the second
Fibonacci number and so on. We can point that the Fibonacci numbers
𝐹𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝:

F1 = F2 = 1
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2

where 𝑛 ≥ 3 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑠 " 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 3. "

That is, 𝐹𝑛 is given by the sum of the previous Fibonacci numbers, 𝐹𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑛−2 , 𝑛 ≥ 3.
For example : 𝐹3 = 𝐹2 + 𝐹1
𝐹3 = 1 + 1
𝐹3 = 2

𝐹4 = 𝐹3 + 𝐹2
𝐹4 = 2 + 1
𝐹4 = 3
Now it’s time for you to try it:

Find 𝐹5 =? , 𝐹10 =? 𝐹15 =?

Did you find the Fibonacci numbers interesting ? I guess your answer would be yes , very
interesting! Let’s make it in the simplest way:

0+1=1, 1+1=2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5, 3+5=8, 5+8=13, 8+13=21, …

So let’s find out some more about this very fascinating FIBONACCI!

Where else can we see the pattern of Fibonacci sequence?

Here we go!

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Pineapples Grow in Numerical Sequence

5 8 13
parallel rows parallel rows of parallel rows of
of scales scales spiralling scales spiralling
spiralling at a medium steeply to the
gradually slope right

Music
A piano keyboard has 5 black keys in groups of 2 and 3 and it has 8 white keys. These 13 keys
comprise one octave.

©http://fabulousfibonacci.blogspot.com/2007/03/fibonacci-in-nature-fun-facts-visuals.html

Seed heads
We can see the Fibonacci sequence in the sunflower seed. How? The pattern of two
spirals goes in opposing directions (clockwise and counter-clockwise). The number of
clockwise spirals and counter clockwise spirals are consecutive Fibonacci numbers
and usually contains 21, 34 and 55 seeds.

Photo credit: Esdras Calderan/ (CC BY 2.0)

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“Now, let’see the hidden magic of these numbers. “- Akarsh Sharma

The ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers as n becomes large, approaches the golden ratio.

{𝐹𝑛 } = {0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,...}.

Let’s try it!

First, we take any Fibonacci number, let’s say 610. Then now we divide it by the previous
one (so what is the previous number ? it is 377 (in our case).
610
So 377 = 1.618037135 (this is the result!)

This result is same for every Fibonacci number like 89/55 144/89, 55/34,34/21 all will be
approximately equal to 1.618.

Now, what’s with 1.618? It is the magic!

This ratio is called the Golden Ratio.

GOLDEN RATIO- is the relationship between two or more elements.

Interesting right? But what makes it interesting?

Because it can even be verified by measuring some parts of the human body: the length of
the arm, height, the distance of the fingertips to the elbow.

Let’s take a look at the distance between fingertip and elbow/distance between wrist and
elbow. This is equal to GOLDEN RATIO! Why and how? The picture shows an example that if we have
two lines wherein the measurement of one line is 1 and the other one is 1.618. Then it can be said that
these two lines are in a golden relationship.

©https://medium.com/@akarsh.sharma/the-magic-of-fibonacci-numbers-f428b5728034

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Golden ratio is all around us and we can find it in many natural phenomena.

Animals

Dolphins: The eyes, fins and tail of the dolphin are golden numbers and the fins of a
dolphin are divided using the ratio as well.

©http://fabulousfibonacci.blogspot.com/2007/03/fibonacci-in-nature-fun-facts-visuals.html

Penguin: The eyes, beak, wing and certain body markings of the penguin all fall at
golden sections of its height.

©http://fabulousfibonacci.blogspot.com/2007/03/fibonacci-in-nature-fun-facts-visuals.html

Plants

Flowers and plants are designed to have rules of golden spirals. Perhaps it is better to say that the
spiral respects natural rules.

©https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

Good job! You have just finished reading and studying another page of this module , so WHY
DON’T YOU TAKE A BREAK? JUST CHILL AND WATCH THESE VIDEOS: (CLICK THE YOUTUBE
LINKS )

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjSHVDfXHQ4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8ccsE_IumM
These videos provide basic explanation of the Fibonacci numbers and illustrate examples of how the
golden ratio appears in nature and in human being .
I hope after watching it ,you can already say that mathematics can be inspiring too!

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 I hope you were able to watch the short videos about Fibonacci numbers and golden ratio.
If not, it’s okay. Because we will illustrate more examples about it.

Golden ratio is also given by the ratio of the two sides of the golden rectangle. Golden
rectangle can be broken down into squares the size of the next Fibonacci number down
and below. Break down into smaller squares based from Fibonacci sequence and divide
each with an arc, the pattern begin to take shapes, we begin with Fibonacci spiral in which
we can see in nature.

Where else can we see the golden ratio/golden rectangle?

Let’s look at how Branislav Vujaskovic ( 2018) discussed some of the golden ratio that we can see
around us:

Golden Ratio In Nature

Another name for golden ratio is divine porportion.Take a good look at yourself; “You have
one nose, two eyes, three segments to each limb and five fingers on each hand”.
So what do you notice? Most of your body parts follow the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 5.
The measurements and proportions of the human body can also be divided up in terms of the golden
ratio.Like what? Look at your ear, it is in the golden ratio, your face is also. The relationship between
the bones is 1: 1.61.
In line with this, the Golden ratio is obvious when we look at the nautilus shell.

©https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

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Architecture And Golden Ratio

We can say that the Golden ratio is applied in many areas that people have dealt with and deal with
today because it has been applied in the architectural works even before. Just like the Egyptian
Pyramids were built according to the golden ratio. We get about 1.61 when the length of the edges of
the pyramid and the height of the pyramid is divided. There are some more architectural works that
golden ratio is applied.

©https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

Golden Ratio In Fine Arts

Leonardo da Vinci used often the Golden ratio in his creations. This relationship is mostly applied in
fine art. When painters sketch the picture, they determine first the Golden Ratio image and then skip to
the sketch. This relationship on the pictures is like some balancing code whichh gives an incredible
harmony.

©https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

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Golden Ratio In Photography
The golden ratio can also be used in photography. The application of it in photo is much simpler. How?
Photographer can post production to crop a photo using a golden ratio.

©https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

Websites In Golden Ratio

Golden ratio can be applied in websites. It is also used in the design of the web pages as it gives
balance to images/photos.

“Web design is a business in which there is a big competition, it needs to be special. When a golden
ratio is applied well, success is certain.”

©https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

That’s it! That’s what golden ratio is all about. It is just really amazing how we can see mathematics in
nature, in our world. Now, I’ll go back to the first questions written in the first part of the discussion of
this module:
“Have you ever tried to imagine a world without math? Have you realized the importance of
mathematics in our daily life?”

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In our daily life, we always use mathematics because there are many applications
of it .

PSMJR (2018) explained some of the APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN THE WORLD:

Mathematics is used directly or indirectly in various fields. The application of

mathematical methods in different fields such as science, engineering, business,
computer science and industry is a combination of mathematical science and
specialized knowledge.

©http://mathinforensic.weebly.com/

1. In forensic, mathematics is applied through the application of the differential and

integral calculus to clarify the blurred image to clear image.
Calculus is also applied for the optimization (maximize or minimize) surface areas,
volumes, profit and cost analysis, projectile motion, etc.

©https://www.ed2go.com/njcu/online-courses/medical-math/

2. In medical field, the application of mathematics is used for the development of

medicine to cure diseases. Geometry and related areas are also used in many drugs to
change the shape and motions of a protein which its function is determined by its shape
and how the pieces move.

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 ©https://engineering.purdue.edu/ME/Research/Archive/FluidMechanics

3. In fluid dynamics, numerical analysis is used by the engineers to analyze the

phenomena involving heat, electricity and magnetism, relativistic mechanics,
quantum mechanics and other theoretical constructs.

© http://home.interfacecollege.org/index.php/programs/43-bsit

4. In Information Technology, we all know that through the help of mathematics, the
modern computer are invented. Development of formal mathematical theories
related to the development of computer science is an important area of
applications of mathematics includes logic, relations, functions, basic set theory,
counting techniques, graph theory, combinatorics, discrete probability, recursion,
recurrence relations and number theory, computer- oriented numerical analysis
and Operation Research techniques.

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 ©https://detroitblockchaincenter.org/the-math-behind-cryptography-101/

5. Cryptography is a combination of both mathematics and computer science and

is closely associated with information theory, computer security and engineering.
Its applications is present in technologically advanced societies, examples include
the security of ATM cards, computer passwords and electronic commerce.

©https://www.hmhco.com/blog/6-careers-that-involve-math-from-the-classroom-to-the-real-world
6. In archaeology, mathematics is also applied becuase a variety of mathematical and
statistical techniques is used by archaeologists to interpret the data from
archaeological surveys and try to find patterns to shed on past human behavior
and in carbon dating artifacts.

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 ©https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/preparing-social-scientists-for-the-world-of-big-data

7. In Social Sciences such as economics, sociology, psychology and linguistics all now
make wide extent to the use of mathematical models, as well as using the tools of
calculus, probability, game theory, and network theory.

©https://www.stlawu.edu/economics/requirements-mathematics-economics-combined-major

8. In Economics, mathematics is being applied. Mathematics such as matrices,

probability and statistics are used. The models may be probabilistic or
deterministic, linear or non-linear, static or dynamic, continuous or discrete and all
types of algebraic, differential and integral equations arise for the solution of these
models.

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 ©https://quizlet.com/227272196/discrete-math-voting-vocab-flash-cards/

9. In political Science, we all know that there will be no elections if there is no

mathematics. Because political analysts study past election results to see changes in
voting patterns and also the impact of various factors on voting behavior or
switching of votes among political parties and mathematical models for
Conflict Resolution using Game Theory and Statistics.

10. In music and arts, mathematics is also being applied. All music notes which gives
rhythm is the result of innumerable permutations and combinations. Music
theorists also applies set theory,abstract algebra , and number theory to
understand musical structure and communicate new ways of hearing music.

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Now , it is your time to share your thoughts!

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY:

SHORT-RESPONSE /ESSAY WRITING

1. What is mathematics for you?

2. What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?

3. Where do you apply the priciples of mathematics?

4. Do you need mathematics ever day? Why?

5. Do you appreciate mathematics? Why or why not?

INDEPENDENT LEARNING ACTIVITY

Make two-to-four page synthesis paper focusing on one of the following aspects of mathematics:

a. Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world.

b. Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world.
c. Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world
d. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends.
e. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it indispensable.

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References

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Discovery Cube.Org. 2018. Moments of Science:Patterns in Nature. Available from :

https://www.discoverycube.org/blog/moment-science-patterns-in-nature/

Christensen,Erik. Natural Patterns. Available from: https://ecstep.com/natural-patterns/.

Buchanan,Merilyn.2011. Pattern Power. University of Cambridge. Available from:

https://nrich.maths.org/2148#:~:text=Mathematics%20is%20the%20study%20of,begin%20to%20exte
nd%20the%20pattern

American Association for the Advancement of Science.1990. The Nature of Mathematics. Available
from: http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/chap2.htm

Folkerts, Menso. 2020. Mathematics. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Available from:

https://www.britannica.com/science/mathematics

PMSJR (uploaded by Myungsoo). Mathematics in the Modern World. Available from :

https://www.scribd.com/document/413135891/mathematics-in-the-modern-world

Mahima,Shah. 2020. Animals with Spots. Available from : https://trippynature.com/animals-with-spots/

Woolley ,Thomas.2017. How animals got their spots and stripes – according to maths. Available from:
https://theconversation.com/how-animals-got-their-spots-and-stripes-according-to-maths-85053

MC Escher. 2015. Introduction to Symmetry. Available from :

https://mathstat.slu.edu/escher/index.php/Introduction_to_Symmetry

Abney,Angel,Tyminski,Andy, Nazarewicz. Symmetry in Nature. Available from:

http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMT668/EMAT6680.2002.Fall/Nazarewicz/7210_final_2/7210_Project/inde
x.html

Sterling,Lew Jr,Li Mel, Khim,Jimin. Fractals. Retrieved from: https://brilliant.org/wiki/fractals/

Fractal Foundation. Branching Fractals. Available from: https://fractalfoundation.org/OFC/OFC-1-

1.html

The Franklin Institute.2020. Math Patterns in Nature. Available from : https://www.fi.edu/math-

patterns-nature

Eniscula Energy & Environment. 2016. The Numbers of Nature: the Fibonacci sequence. Available
from: http://www.eniscuola.net/en/2016/06/27/the-numbers-of-nature-the-fibonacci-sequence/

JRankScience&Philosophy.2020. Fibonacci Sequence. Web Solutions Llc. And Its Licensors . Available from:
https://science.jrank.org/pages/2705/Fibonacci-Sequence-History.html

Acharyya,Rakhi.2017. What Do Flowers, The Mona Lisa & A Pine Cone Have In Common? Let The
Mathematics Of Attraction Break It Down For You. Available from:
https://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/what-do-flowers-trees-the-mona-lisa-a-pine-cone-and-marilyn-
monroe-s-nose-have-in-common-let-the-mathematics-of-attraction-break-it-down-for-you-268466.html

Krista. Fibonacci in Nature: Fun Facts & Visuals. St. John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada.
Available from : http://fabulousfibonacci.blogspot.com/2007/03/fibonacci-in-nature-fun-facts-
visuals.html

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Thomas, Spencer.2019. On Sunflower’s Golden Spiral. Synchronicity A Laiable & Fitzsimmons
Company. Available from: https://www.synchronicitypc.com/blog/on-sunflowers-golden-spirals

Akarsh, Sharma. 2020. The Magic of Fibonacci Numbers. Available from:

https://medium.com/@akarsh.sharma/the-magic-of-fibonacci-numbers-f428b5728034

Vujaskovic, Branislav. 2018. Golden Ratio in Logo Design. Available from:

https://www.clevermarkstore.com/blogs/logo-design-1/golden-ratio-in-logo-design

Benjamin, Arthur. 2013. The Magic of Fibonacci Numbers. TEDTalks. Available from:
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8ccsE_IumM

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