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TtLE 4262670121

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UARGAiIEI Contents
llluilralerl 13 TheKhalsa(TheSitI amy i! the 1840t).
1 8 TheSIatrPhotognpherPicturc
19
Revi@s
Eug€ne'sE6tem vic1ons.
OPENINGSHOT 22
n
TheNichrbelongsrochdlie, 2.
Th€BarireofBa!\ Blu4 186r.
On page21of thisissueyoucanreadaboutthe formationof a trade 31
associationfor companiesproducingwargamesfigures.This is an v Don FeatbeFtone Biggerthd Bi8! Concludi.gDon'sreponotr
excelentnove. An)'thingdoneto protectthe rightsoI peoplewho Gencodorigirs, 1988.
desigoandproduc€nodel soldiersandwhoselivelihooddepends t P€terHmis Renaissar@ Siegcwafare, Pait II
on that should be encouragedas a GOOD THING. We f€el continuedlronl6tisue)
panicularlystronglyaboutthis asin the past18monthstwo of our q TheBanleofBls$trgron, r912
photographsof wargamesfigureshaveappearedon thelront cover 43 AnrhonyTeker Op€Ftion SeaLion, Pet L
of anothernagazinewithout pemission, without acknowledge- F, PaldckBuk LurchinSiowardsMotrtSt,Jem.
ment, and - needlessto say - without parnent. The sooner 50 TheItrsp€ctorGeneralReviews
companiesin our Hobby can band togetherand boot out these 51 Clsifieds
cheapskates the better for all of us!

Front cov€r pholo: John Boadle of the Cov€ntry WargamesClub is
r€spotrsiblefor the superb printing and modelling of the troops and
tenain pictured here. The 6gves xe Frcnt RMk Figuines Z5mm.
Seven Years War. More of John's co ection in tuture issues, till
thetr ou. French readers can revel in the sight of th€ British
Brck cover photo6: Two shots of Napoleonic action at Mike
Ingham's Warganes Holiday C-entie. Building (same one viewed
ftom two sides) by Doug Mason. (Doug's Masoflry?) Doug also
painted many of the figures,,*t'lch e Connoissew znd Bicone
25mn.
Inside Frorr Cover: Wittman's Tiger (see article in Wargames
world 2). 6om the col-lectioo
of Cotr RumJord.
Imide bsck cove.: Two ACW .hors. Mweun Minian;rc-sIsmm.
drsputepossession of a lloveb bam.
ConnoissewFigufts 25mm. ConJ€derater"Comin' thmugh the
"sowed" this
rye". [Or corn, accordingto Peter Gilder, who
particularpatch.What€verthecerealit's actualyrealddedfoliage,
availedfron artv florists.l

E ik Dnd Mi.fuiiR Prblild br shbs.n hbliEliN Lni., 13Ld6 la, N.nI. Nft. NG2.tlHz Tet 06367t9t
ryFd b!: Quobbk!rd. Prlld r tudod D6totis: Mu-m Dndiblrid Lrd. O@r Cou. t2.!d Fr;mdor km. I-ord.o.ECIRJAU.T.l. 0l.Zt ltl5
t5{:'Iti AnF.4r4r tu6 A!@u(Barri;c. Vd ,'r)'r rer:Ir 70.31@cu|h: RAFVcorpd hc , z0tu{lln Road E{r. Gibndg..o.@. onih. NIR116
A6trb: CaryW.Is, Es MbilG trd., 9 tn,m nc, H66tr, \SW 8n I.\. t2 21174n

ilEXT TOTTH DON'T N'IISS IT!

WarsamesWorld 3 and
WarsamesIllustrated19 NAIDENGAI|ES 1989/1990CATAIOGUE
will be Du6lishedon 16thFebruarv. 92 A{ PAGESLlSrlNGl
'
Don't miss'em! Over4,000 Ode6 of BattleandArmv Listsfromthe EnolishCivil
W a r t o T h e 2 n d A f q h a n Wianrci l u d i n q r h e l s t & 2 n d E n a l i s h C i v i l
Wars,TheProled6rate,TheWsrofth-eSpanishSu@es-sion, The
war or the AustrianSLtcc€ssion, Th€ Sev€nYeaF War, The
BACK TUTBERS Ameican Aevolution,The FrenchRevolution.The Naooleonic
Wars,Ths Russo-Turkish War 1805181l,Th6 BritishAme cdn
War of 1a12-1al5, The Peninsularwar.The U.S.'llexic€nWar.
All issuesfuom #4 arc still availabledirect ThsAme canCivilWar,TheIndianMutiny,The1a6oChinaWat
from the publisherat f1.60 eachinclusiveof The Zulu Wa', The 2nd Afshan War, Th€ 1882 Egyptian
postage& packing& editor's coffeefund Campaiqn,a @mpletelid oflJ.S. Army Aclionswith l-idians
1836-1891, a compl€l€s€t ol Dislributionfor the Bitish Amy
conlnDuuon- 1836-1499 {.l leastonceDervear,oftenmoreland Distributions
forthe AmericanArmy 1a66-1909 PLt S d wholecollectionol Sail
NavySquadrons,Fl€elsand Engaggrnonts 168a-1a01,
SUBSCRIPTIONS fo. r2 i!su€. of Wargab€s lrluhrt d arc
sti|l otrly 116.50. A subcsiptior aoour quntedy nrgeine, All our books - Naval & Military,
Wrrgd6 Wo.ld, is t9 - o.l8 if you dso subs.ribe ao W.t. WargameRules& Magazines.
Chequ€s/Po€should b€ nsde psyrbl€ to: Over100flagsheets- both blackand
Shalagen PubncltioN Ltd., and sent to lE Lovers L'|re,
Newa*, Notts. NG2A lHZ.
white and colour.
1smmand 25mmModelShipsfrom
GreenfieldU.S.A.
W.'. BIi|DERS E2O.0Oworlh ot dlscounl vouchers
Binde6for Wargames lllustrated(capacityI 2 issuesl FREEupdates
rna gold-on-greenrjv€ryl- jun rikeNaporeon.sj rheyltalow P.ic6:t2.00 includinspostaoeand pading
your copiesto scinrjllateon your bookshetves. BAIDERGAMES
Postpaid prices:UK: !4.50/Europe: EslRen of Wortd: !6. 119Elmst6W.y
La.d3
fron! SInAIAGEfl PUtUCAflO S ftD., LS82ND
It loy.6 l.ne, Xlr.rlc flott . [G2a tHZ, Enll.rd. SEND IYOWFORYOURCOPYI
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r't offi,lffiUfficEss38wEsrsr.,DUNSTABIE;IiEDS. DEpt 2o2
reu 1ose4-c666ii
IVhen rep\ring to adverts please rnention \JYargames lllustrated.
 5

Battle
'Neither greased
Honours
caftidges, the annexation of Oudh nor the pauciiy of European officers werc the causes. For y€ars I havewdtched
the army ad felt sure they only wanted their opportunlty to try their strength against us' . Brigadier Joh. Nicholson rctening to th€
Bengal tumy.
THE GREAT tltalTlNY . IIIDIA 1a57 to 1858
The latest€dditon to the wodd s finest 15mm wargame figures allows you to refight the battles and sieges ofa bloody chaler in the
history of the British EmPire.The range consistsof lmperial troops, native*po!s suitablefor both sides,loyalSikhs and Curkhas and the
mutineers themsdres Needlessto say all are designed to the same impeccable standard that we hde st with our NaDoleon'csand

BRITISH Gi,rcol Hussar/Dmgoon sheujack€t NT04 Leader in tudan

Clvlol Oficer pointing charging NT05 Naiiv€ in rurban with musket
Cm02 Sers@nt l4ajor CfiC{2 Hussar/Drasoon seMce jacket adhncins
GilO3 Drummer charging Nm6 Native in turbaD Mth musket
GMO4 PriEte in cap and shirt at the ready GI CO3 B.itjsh L,ncer shelljacket ndng
Gilto5 Private in seMce jacket fidng C]vlm4 Sikh caElry turban and poshteen NTOT Native in turban with musket
GI!406 Highlander at the ready charging ffdng
GlvlOTPrivale in shelljacket chargins CmC05 Bntish nbunted Omcer NT07 Natjve in cap wfi bugle
QYlOa ftivate, tuI1 s€Mce dress and shakocmc06 Mounted Sikh Ofijcer 'n poshteen NT08 Leader in cap with pistol
marching M(flNEERS NTC01 Chafglng native in cap with
Crirog Cu*ha advancing NT01 Sepoyin dhobat the ready sword
Gl'4rO Curkha Office. NTO2Nativein capwith shieldand sword NTCO2Nativein turbanMth pistol
GIVUr Sikh infantry rifle across chest NTO3Nativein cap with muskeiadvancing ARTILLERYSETS
Glvu2 Sikh infantry Of6ce. Q4Aor Brtish adllery crew(4)
Gn[13 Lo]€l sepoy marching muheer artillerycrew(4)
CryrAO2
CiIl4 LoFl sepoy Omcer Cmcor Bdtishglb gun
GmCO2mdineer heavygun
GMCO3El€phanrw h limber

Our CH 6nge provides hor*s fo. the new ivlutiny releases Jusr to refresh your memory they are:
CHO1 Horse standiDgCH02 Canted.g 9"e 2 CHO5 Walking CHO6 CallopiDg CHO? Heary horse kotting CHOSHeroic ho.se CHO9
HearyhorsestandingCHlo Canteringt}?e 3 CHl1 PonygalloptngCHl2 Healy ho.setrottingtype 2.
PRICES lnfanFy/cava]ry 14p Horses i8p Aniuery sets Ct4A 65p Cl4C01 50p CA@2 75p cmc03 63.50
Postand Packjns OK and BFPO up to 920 15%of order over 920 I0% of ordeL OverseasSEA 30:; of ofder OverseasAIR 50,; of order

NEW NAPC'LEONICS:
PS09 Spanish Musketeer Skirmishing SS5l French Artillery Caisson and leam 93.25
FRENCH REVOLqIOMRY RFC6 Chasseur Officer RFCA Hussar Officer
RFqt Healy Ca\€lry Oificer RFg/ Chaseur TrumD€ter RFCg Hussar Trumeter
RFC5 Healy CavalryTrumpeter
RArs Crenadier Standard Bearer ' AUSTRIAN CAVALRYCOf4I,4ANDnea y done phone for releasedate

Next item concems our SqPERONITSand &qTTALION PACKSwhich are p.epack ged units Mth officers NCO s and other rank in
20, 1 and 50160:1 scale respectively.The list has now reachednearly200 separateunG. Much too many ro publish in an ad so gi!€ us a
call and we will s€ndyou the lisi or send an SAE l4ore Napoleonic news- REVOLUTIONARYPERIODRUSSLANS on the horizonfollow€d
by BRmSH tor the ECYfnqN CAAPAICN

Oth€r news' start of the ACW next montl CREEK CrIy STATES and I4ACEDON],ANSin the ANCTENTsector Altogether ifs going !o
be a boom yearfor BH fans.

** OF II{TEREST TO RETAILERS **
We win shortiy b€ expandingour production capacitywhich meansthat we are now able to suppt reta'l outletswith the much sought after
BATTLE HONOORSrange We havea retail information sh€et which is availableby dropping us a line or phoning. The range curentv

NAPOLEONIC: Bdtish, French, Prussian, Aust an, Portugues€. Russianj Revotutonary perio.l, Confederation, Spanistl.
ANCIENT: Sassanid Persians and Camillan Romans COLONLAI- Indian Mutiny with many more on m€ way.

;ilL:I thc o.a.A" Tolt DEvOg adu. r|olom.Amdtc+ rz n|dgGRo.4 B&t.r brc, tLJ. ozaza
5 rt6E Lu., OEto., |lr. c|.oDuy rbrUb6, xrdd.Dtr.6, wo|@ Dyt4 aRI| or4 632 62t
&E5

When replying to adverts please nention lYargames lllustrated.

H E R O I C S& R O SF I G U R E S
1/300thSCALEMETALFIGURES 50 infantry,
fl,15 Packscontaining 20 Cavalry
or 6 Guns& Crews

mdrd, iurt dniid, rd en

HEROICS& ROS FIGURES (Dept.wr1

Unit12,Semington
Turnpike,
Semington,
Trowbridge,
Wilts.BA146LB.England.
Tel:0380870228
 7

TABLETOP
GAMES
ROAD,
53 MANSFEI..D

uuv DAYBROOK
NOMNGHAM
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MODERNRIUIPMENT
HANDBOOK BddEtl7sdrid -- n!5
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speifretions givenfor bothChal-
lenqe.6ndWRGru16.
By BrucsRs*T.ylor - St95 NEWNAPOLEONICS r5'mMPOtro{E
Lr]s€RfuBNWIlllhnF6s!E
K O R P SC O M M A N D E R
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Wo.ld War 2 ve6ion ol tho CoqE II
C}IAI,I.ENGER
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ay Brue Fsa.Teylor & Andy allthe nd equipm€nr & vehicles.
Ashd 83,6 By Arue R.+Ta,ylor- f325

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FIGUFESBYTTG
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CavalrVCommandincludesOtid r Sranda.dSeaGr,augbr

When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated.

8

25mmCRIMEANWAR ..-7 , BOAD,DAYBROOK.

4APARKYN
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First Release Af OAme' ?OUndfU
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Our"REDOUBT Pho.€: 0602 260163 (a te o' vour card)
ENTERPR|SES"

Ma'rto'oulh armv, wars or Rerq'on.

Canadian
'senlry BoxStockist: australian Stockist WESTGEFMANY STOCKISI B€LGIUM SIOCKIST
Wesl Hobbres , "DEF BLESOLOAT' 'FIGS
43 Failw.y Str6et W'€SERGASSE 96 RUEOUMARCHE AU CHAFBON
D.650]NIEOEF.OLM BFUXELLES1MO

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 9

Barclavc.rd & Acc* Ord.F Wolcome Mail Oldei Address:

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TeleDhone:0509213789

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WW2 EXPANSIONPACKS
I laq. GB,lrim, llF.imilr'8'.h$,
GiI.E( |AVAI SIARTE PACI( 3Fm5Hl94t 6,00
includ$4 TriEm6.ru16Dlavrno
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10

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 11

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t2

WARGAMESHOLIDAYCENTRE
1989 PROGRAMME
Welcometo 1989and a newcampaigning seasonat the WargamesHolidayCentre.As manyof you may
alreadyhaveheard,we haveabandoned plansto movedownto the midlandsandwill be operatinofrom
Scarborough lor the torseeableluture.This is partlydue to lhe extendedhasslesof obtainingplaaning
permission- new centreand partly becauie yours lruly has succumbedto the delightsof-
'The Yorkshirelhe
for
Riviera! Insteadwe bhalibe increasingthe siace availableon the current-siteand
developingnew periodsto complement the Napoleonic and ltalianwars.To this end we have recently
acquireda larqeMarlburianarmvin 25mmandwill be lhis vearincludinqbattlessuchas Blenheimand
Malplaquel
MalDlaquet as-well
as wellas a new Mailburiancampaign
camDaion Naturallvthe traditionalperiods
week.Naturally oeriodshavenot been
ignoredandduringthe winterthe Napoleonic armieshavebeenincreasedso thatwe canotfera full sca
re-enactmenl of Waoramas well as a full week of Peninsularbattlesfor all vou Wellinotonian butfs.
So, dust off those medals,shakeout those old dress uniforms,and get signedup f6r whichever
lakesyourfancy.
campaign
SPRING WEEKENDS
llarch 17th-19th March 31sl-Aprll2nd Aprll 7th{th
BOFODINO - Stillthemostpopular BAIJTZEN- Thsalliesmuslholdoul WATERLOO - Yourchanceto teslout
Napoleonicbattlsand always againstvasllysupedor
numb€rc- a t€st yourownlheodesonwfietharit canbe
ofn6N€andskill, won- or losll
Aprll 21st-23rd April 28th.i0th FORIIAT
DRESDEN - Tacticaily
perhapsthe WAGRAM -The bigwhileonelN€won Plaversarrivein timelor Fridav€vsnino
-
moslsubtleand inlereslinqbattle, the listandsurelo becomea big m6allollowedbv olannrno sesiions,
Historicallya clear French-victory
but Twolulldaysgainiing enilingaround
difficultto achieveon the wargames
lable,
SUMMER WEEKS
14th Mav-AnthMav 28lh May-3rdJune llth June.l7th Jun€
GENERALwEEK]Nc.
BoRODINo. 1813NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGN - The LEIPZIG ANDAUSTERLII-Z - Ttlo
decisvecampaignol theNapolsonic classicsfromtheNapoteonccottect|on,
Wars.Canlhe Frenchsavelhet
GermanEmpire?
25th June.lsl Julv gth Julv-lsth Julv 23rd Julv-291hJulv
PENINSULAR cAMPAIGN _The GENERAL wEEIi INCLUDTI.IG ITALIAN WARSBENAISSAN-CE
Empercfs"Spanishtjlce/'flaresup WATERLOO'. CAMPAIGN. Lasl vearihis was a real
aqain,CanlhoseDeskvBritsbe Testyourmilitaryanddiplomatic
Ihriller.
st-oppedsouthof fie PifeneesI skillsto ths lull.(Max.8players).
6th August-l2lh August 2oth August-26thAuguat 3rd S€pt-gth Sept
WAGRAMAND BAUTZEN -The Iwo 1814MPOLEONICCAMPAIGN - PENINSULAR BATTLES WEEK. Not
moslrecenl'sel-piece'Napoleonic Somesaythe Emperor'slinesl hour. a campaign,
buta s€riesol themajor
battlesandeacha knife-edgestruggle. CanyousavsPadsagainst P€ninsular
aclionsincludino Vinoda
overwhelming
odds? Salamanca.Talavera.Bus;co,
17th Sept-23rd Sepl lst OctobeFTth Octobet 15th Octob€r-2|st Octob€r
MARLBURIAN CAMPAIGN - Basedon GENERALWEEKINCLUDING 1815NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGN -The
Marlborouqhs c€lebrat€d 1704 DFESDEN' EmDeofs laslllinq- or is il! Can
campa4nfohDhdestroyedFrench WellinolonandBluichercombinelo hold
hoD€sol Eurooean dorhinance and backth-eFrsnch?
culminat€d
inths Battleof Blenheim.
'Eachgeneralweekwillincludea majorMarlburian
battlesuchas Blenheim
orMalplaquet
andalargeltalianWars
setoieceactionaswellasthelistedNaooleonic
battle.
in timeforeveningmealandplanningsessions.
FORMAT:Playorsardveon Sundayevening Fivefulldaysgaming.
f75 perpersonincluding
PRICES WEEKENDS WEEKS€225perpersoninctudinq
hoteiandall mealsthroiqh 6 niahtshbtelandall meals
tromFridayeveninglo Sinday frori Sundayeveninguntil
afternoon. SaturdavbreaKasl.
€40deposit f10 depasit
Beductionsavailable lor panies of 4 or moft;.
MIKE INGHAM
The Wargames Holiday_ Centre, The Enchanted Cottage,
yO11
Folldon, Scarborough 3UH.
Telephone Scarborough (0723) Ag.t 062
24 hour answerphoneservice

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THE KHALSA
by Roy Beers
Recent newsreelsIrom India - the battle for the Colden TemDle at
Amnlsar. assassinarion ol Mrs Ghandi and lhe violene which
followed - come asa vivid reminder of the dayswhen the soldiersof
a minority nation could make the rulen of the sub-.ontinent
tremble. The extreme Sikh nationarist party, the Atali Dal, and lhe
state they wish to set up, Khalistan, have their roots in the once
formidabl€ nilitary power of the Khalsa (lhe Saved One) oI the
early l9th cenh[y.
Given the facts of the two bloddy Sikh wars of 1845-6and 1848-9
it is perhapssurprisiog that in the mythology of Enpne the Mudki
Wallahs cone a long way behind the def€Ddersof Rorke's Drift, or
that Ondurnan should be remembered with sof,ewha! gr€ater
awe than Ferozeshah, "the miracle that saved India". It could be
that the Sikh Wars have been ovenhadowed by the geater
holocaust of the Indian Mutiny of 1857;but, whatever the reason,
the terible battles of the PuDjab of the 1840'spreseDtore of the
fascinating "ifs" of nilitary history. The question they pose is -
what rf the commanders of the Khalsa had wanted it to win?
To anyone unfamiliar with the background the questior might
seem more lhan a little ndiculous; but although the evidence still
seems to be circunstantial and fairly controversial, there can be
"snatched a defeat
little doubt that th€ miiitary leaden of the Sikhs
fron the jaws of victory" on more thaD one occasior, ensuring the
perpetuation of the British Raj for another hundred yean.
To understand why this should be the caseit is necessaryftJst to
have a brief look at how a well"trained European-style native army
cameinto being in the fir$ plac!.
The British had of coune met native "regulan" before but, aswe
shall see, nothing like the red-coated battalions of Sikhs who were
to put up sucha frightening display of inilitary potential in six major
battles.
In the inmediate post-Napoleonic period, tbe Punjab was ruled
by Ranjit (or Runjeet Singh, a shrewd, hed-living potentate lfho
decided that the best means of defenc! was to copy the military
system of the British, hamessingthe natural inartial quality of his
'Old
subjects to the best effect. whatever can be said about the
Lion" a! he came to be known, it cannot be claimed that he was a
great reloming spint in aDy other sense- the army, and nilitary
installations, were the only "public worlj' to rc@ive buch
attention; everything else went on in the usual medieval way, bui
his effolts, perhapstragi-rnmical at first, to forge a reguld amy, at
length bore fiuit.
Ranjit Singh did not go about this in any haphazard way. He
"Europeanise"
hned a number ofwddenns foreign adventurers to
his wailike but inegular foic€s. These included soDe colourtul
characters; General Paolo Bartolomeo Avitabile for example,
formerly of Joachim Murat's NeapolitaD anny; C-olonels Jean
Baptiste Ventura and Jean Francois Allard, both €x-officers of
Napoleon's a.my; and the Amencan soldier of fortune Colonel
Alexdder Gardner. Under the foreigners' influeDe, tnirirS
cadres were established and then extended io form a permanent
regular arny. Ranjit. whose greatest military passion besidesfine
hones was heavy aitilery (he would wage campargns to gain
posssiotr of a prized piece) had developed the nost powertul
native arny the Bntish were ever to face by the time of his death;
yet it does not seem that he was squding up for war with the
Enpire. In fa€t he seems to have developed a streak of oriental
fatalism regarding the long-term prospects of independence, bul
had perhapsdecided that the best way of remaining friends with the
British would be to nake any attempt at conquest or their pan
uDpalatably expensive.
Generous displays of political affection were constantly in
evidenc€ between both sides, as Durban and banquets of Roman
scalewere held, at which the redctats of "John Conpany" and tbe
very similarly-auned Sikhs were put thrcugh then paces. Most
observersof th€ period seemto have very varied views on just how
good this new Sikh Army wourd be in battle; sone, quite accurately
as it tumed out, dismissedtheir regular cavalry asno match for the
13
British. Others admired the soldierly bealing of the infantry (who
had with difficulty aclepted that narching in step was not as
ridiculous as it seened) but were critical of the 6n€r points of
ractical detail- The Sikhs were leaming as they went along,
however, the anny burgeoning in strength and financed by the
nedi€val expedient of robbing the rich, who in tum robbed then
own poor. The sirdars, or feudal barons of the Punjab, were forced
to go in awe of the huge p€rrnanenl forc€ which Ranjit had
establish€d, and would continue to fumish then retinues and levies
for th€ Sikh arny's campaigns!but an armed monarchy controlled
only by a single, capabl€ despot wa! hardly the secure foundation
Ranjit Singh, debauched and ancient beyong his y€an, died in
1839; and lhe factions who would never have dared to mov€ ftom
the shadows into his squint-eyed gaze while he was alive were
immediately at each other's throats - a re-enadion of countless
bloodlettings througbout the centuri€s in powertul feudal king-
dons. Asiatic and otheMis€.
The contusion was suchthat the Sikhs were unable to pounce dd
reap the ealy pickings which wo'id have been thein following the
disastrousretreat lrom Kabul by the British army in Afgban'stan,
but the anarchic itrtemal conbustion which followed de sudden
power vacuuE would have to bring about a najor explosion b€fore
lodg. The British, who should have been prepared for just such an
eventuality, were oddly ill-prepared for the task when the flood tide
fmaly burst the dam, with the Sikhs chatrting "on to Delhi!" with
every conviction that they would get there.
Amongst all the factions now \ying for power in lhe Punjab. th€
Khalsa, Randit's behesl to his nation, was the most dangerous
leaderlessbut insatiable, weded on past victories to a high pitch of
nilitary pride, it stalked like a Franlenstein's monster. Goaded
into invasion, arldirg ro push it oul ofharms way, the Khalsa army
of 35.m0 foot, 15,000cavalry and 200 gunscrossedthe nver Sudej
on Decenber 1lth- 1845. and Bdtain w6 faced with its most
difEcult Indian war.
The Orgrntsation and Udfonns of lhe Kbolsr
The vast majority of the cavalry who oossed the Sutlej in 1845were
in€gular CtrorctunaJ, who, being the mounted s€mi-private
soldien of the sirdars, consideredthemselvesthe elite of the army -
fighting on foot eas for low-bom peasants.They w€re of a type that
Bntah had faed a would face again in her colonial wm; prcud,
able riden on swift native horses,imbued with the otrensive spirit.
Depending on social status, the idividual Sikh holsenan could
b€ dressedin a sinple long riding-tunic and armed with lance and
sabre, or could be a tuly-armoured oriential knight, a living
embodiment of th€ Saracen of Sassanianholsemetr of a Drevious
ag€. The larrer type would eear a {aneiy ol indvidual anou
styles, but probably most common was the four-piece ctirass wom
over mail, or mail dd a mixture of brigandine. Breasl-plate,
back-plate, and connecting plates linking lh€ two under the arms,
were supplenented by a conical heldet of polished steel from
which was suspendeda chain nail aventail. The wealthier warriors
would have reninded Napoleonic Egptiao veteraDs of the
MaEelukes; the arnour would be inlaid with gold and even
enbossed with gold and precious stones; armleh studded with
rubies and dianonds were wom od eacharmi and gauntlets of steel
inlaid with gold gaveadded plotection. Tbree shawlsof contrarting
colours were woven tightly into a band round the edge of the
helmet, conpleting the Saracenicimage. The helnet itsef usualy
had a n6al which could be lowered to almost cover the chin. As
wel as his lance and sabre, which could also be jewel-studded, th€
wealthier Sikh could afford to equip hins€ff with plenty of pistols,
and could also carry a matchlock nusket. Panicularly valuable to
an enernylooter, should he die, would be the cbe.tet* of rubies and
diamonds on his forehead, wom beneath his helmet plumes (which
could b€ hemn's feathers). Th€ nore hunble cavalryman could
simply wear a robe,. which could be either brighrty colowed or
l4
ehite, and salhes and turbans of various colours. Shields for tbe
conmon trooper would be ofhide or leather; polished sreelor rhino
hide enbossed with gold for the wealthier warrior or chieftain. His
hors€ might also be amoured, in the style of coloured brisaDdiDeto
be seer in Islamic illustrations of the Mongol invastons.
1: Sikh infattrtma' wearing native ftouse's, a back-pack. but no
shield. A fold of the twbatl k pdled vnder the chin as a "shako
sEap". Battalions'lace could vary hon unit to mit as in the
Napoleonic Bfiith amy.
Tactically, despite their magnificent oriental appearance, the
Ghorchurra were the weakesl part of the Sikh amy, elite or not.
Forming the ponderous irregular masses incapable of raprd
manoeuvre they were, like the Manelukes, excelent fighters and
honemen nan for man - but, as would be proved, no match for
we led regular cavalry.
Their v€ry numb€rswere the geatest danger, however, sincelike
the clouds of Crssacks which pr€ceded lhe Napoleodc Ruisian
army, they could easily "outscout" an opponent with fewer
The regular cavalry, by contralt, nunbered only two regiments
on the outbrcal of war. They wore light dragoon jacket! of
crinsotr. dark blue trcusers with a red striDe. dd aimson turbans
peak€d at lhe front and d€corated with ; glittering sprig. Their
equipment was black leather, and they were amed with sabre,
bayonet and caibine; an armanent which possibly points to ihen
being used in a "dragoon" rol€. The horses' hamess was studded
with brass, and the saddle was covered with a scarlet cloth, whos€
edge was blue with while stripes.
The infantry, rhe solid core of the Khalsa, were organised in
battalions whose nominal strength was I ,000; cmpaign strengths
2: A variation of figure 1, this time with shield slung, and turban
btought to a peak and loose folds covering the neck and shoulde$.
He h wanng 'tegllation" ttousets. The tumbacks arc of
may have v&ied fron 5-800 at different .imes. Three or lour
battalions with one anillery battery and up to 12,600 cavalry
constituted a brigadet this comparatively sensible distsibution
seems to have been more theoretical than actual. The tactical
dispositions of Sikh armies were almost invariably crude and
unixnaginative. The uniforms consisted of a scarlet jacket wirh
white braiding and piping, and collars, cuffs and tumbacks of the
regimental colour. As with the rcgul& qvalry, they wore blue
trousers with a red stripe, but otr cmpaign a "fatigue dress" of
loose white native trousers was conmon. The turban was usually
red, yelow or blue, possibly uniforn within a regrment, and
equipment was black leather. Footwear waseither native sandalsor
British-style boots (the ranks containing more than a few desenen
fion the East India Company's army).
The Sikh infantrydet main armament was a flintlock musket
probably equal in perfornance to the stand&d British t}?e. A
variety of tFes were us€d, including sone on the French nodel,
but the standard piec€ seens to have been a hone-produced Biown
Bess copy. As wel as his bayonet, the Sikh caried the native
tulwar, a vicious slashing sword, and might also carry the
accompanying target, slu:lg over ihe back when not in use.
The equiphent, mixture of Asian and European as it is, was atr
imporlanl clue to Sili tenperam€nt:on more than one occa5ion
they cluld lose patience with then fornal rank and drop then
muskets io breat ranks and charge with tulwar and targ€t.
3: Ave -&essed Ghotchuna. He could eqva y have no amoq
ot a chain-nail shonsleeved shjtt; or kill tuigatdine-style amov\
with protective leggittgs. Eeen a welt equipped \|anior could rcar
"barded".
a nchry-colourcd, pluned trrban: the ho'le co\ld be
me Ghorchuta coutd carry pktols and slung natchlock in
addition to hk ha'd-to-hznd weapons.
The regular battalions w€re ac.ompanied by nun€rous iregulan
otr foot, dressedin similar fashion to the cavalry, and armed with
sp€ars, matchlocks and swords. One eyewitness remembered a
goup of irregular foot clad entirely in chainmail, wearing h€lnets
dd carryiDg shields, but perhaps the most ferocious section of the
inegulan were the Atars, who nunbered some 3,m0. These
religious fanatics were militant Sikhism peNonifred, the equival€nt
of the Moslem Ghazis. Noted for the tury of their charg€sthey were
a law to themselves;it was Dot unusual to seethem riding about with
a sword in eithei hand, two more in the belt, and a slung natchlock
Their distinguishing dress wa! a long blue shin and shorts, dd
sardals; the conical blue lurbar had fitted dound it three or four
pails of shartredged quoits, which could be detached and hurled at
an €neny like lhe Japanesesrurter.
Besidesthe Sikhs sening with the Khalsa in 1848,Pathansunder
Dost Mohammed were available as auxiliary alies, so that Afghan
horsenetr Gimilar in every respect to tbe Ghorchuras) and
infantryjezzaitcrrs continued their $,ar againstthe British after th€
British disaster of Gddamack.
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BATTII HOIIOURA 5 noor. lrne, (rrctor, l|r. Xldd.rmIn i.r, Wor€. DYl4 8RH
TcE .|11632 62, Fr&O2',4, 270622

Th€ calalry werc supponedby varyingnunbels ofz2uburuk, Thedevotionwassoentrencbedthat if a wheelwEsdisbled, the

or camel-borneswivelguns,of a R?€ alreadywell-knownto the €aewwould wlangle for rhe honour of proppitrgup tbe dtuabled
Bdtishin then hdian wa6, andby camel-moudedrc.keteers.The shaftwhileihe gutrwasft€d - which,giventhc tsemcndous reaoil,
ear elephantwas a lhing of the past, but richly-caparisoEed
eleDhanhwere still us€d as 'corDnand vehicles"for tl|e more
senior generals,while th€ be3srscould also be us€d in an
engineeringrol€ for clearingohacles, haulingarfllery piec€s€tc.
- the British alsoreliedon €lephantdrsugbtfor their noveme.t of
their heavierguns.
Tbe true elite arm of the Khalsawastl€ artilely, which began
the war with about 2m gurs. The Sikbshad gone to eDornous
lengthsto obtaitr or nanufactureartilery pieces,convifted that
they were a battle-winner,atrd ihe result was impressive.The
averageSikh artilery piecewaswell-construcled,ard far hcavier
than its British equivalent.Most of the guns wcle tcrelve End
eighteenpounden,but calibr€srangedftom Zpdr to 4apdrtoo -
the weightin netal of eachtype beingheavierthanits Europ€an
counterpan. One featuie of earlier models was that ihey
substituteda third wheelbuilt itrto ihe trail lor a linber; the nole
unmanoeuvrable piec€sweredrawnby buffaloes.As with tbefoot,
the only thing to oftsetthe potentialpowerof the aniuery wasits
poor t3cticalus€, and even so it qrasto caus€the British great
anrieq in the battlesto come.
The gunswer€ not only ably, but fanaticaly sened by then
crews.Guntr€rswer€ imbued with a n]stical devotioDto their
pier€s- renbisccnt of the Ruisian anilely - and i.,ould never 4: AssjkhgaanerutE ritgtie regulationbea kin,,4)ichdoethave
abandonthen guns,preferringto fight to the death. a pabh a cords, but to front plate.
 16
British, merely skirmishedbefore retiring rhis wasnot incompe-
tencebul treachery.It wa! as if Bloch€rhad arrived at Waterloo
only to changehis mind and retire after all! The conmon concensus
mof,gst the Khalsasoldi€ryafter the war was rhat they had b€en
cheatedof victory, and it took the secondwar and more major
battlesto destroytheft military power. I]onically. following the
annexalionof the Punjab,the Sikh regimenrsnow servingin ihe
IndianArmy stoodfasi duringtheMutiny, andhelpedtheBritishto
quelltbe revolt;wilhout th€mitisamootpointwhetherBritishrule
would have survived.
Althoughit is not thepuryoseofrhis shon ardclero deatin detail
with th€ battlesandcampaigns of the Sikhwars, sone generallook
al the tacticalcorduct of the warson both sidesis necessarv to Dul
the perfomance ol lh€ Khalsain conrexr.
The British,€ast India Company forces of ihe Army of the
Bengalwer€still €ssentially gearedto the well-provedtacticrwhich
had brough wellinglon victory in the Peninsula - and the average
British infantryman.despiteor even becauseof his unpromising
5: An Akali fanatic. Costune, although sinple. could vary nightly bactground.was ol very much rhe ,ame calibre.
betueen individuak; the twban especia y could be laryet than Native arDies in previousIndian wars, despiteoveNhelming
shown. They werc nicknaned the Nihang, ot ctocodiles, by theit supenonty,had neverbeena natch for Bntish andsepoyregulars-
kinsnen. In the daysof Ranjit Singh, they wercpitted againsttheir and befor€ the lessonsof Ferozeshahrherc seemedlittle reason to
eneny equivalents where possible. supposethalthe Sikhswouldbevery different.The Sikhs,atrhough
g€nerallypoorlyled (therewereexceptions, suchasRanjurSingh).
came as a nasty shck to a nation which had previously had good
meanlalmostc€rtaindeath-Besidesth€ numerousswivel-suns. th€ causeto regardher dmies as invincibl€.The newsof Ferozeshah,
Sikllr augmenredrherr heav) anillery wirh hobe arrillery, rhese which battle the Bntish narrowly suwiv€d, causeduproar, and
beingbatte.iesof 9 pounders.They were in no way similarto the there was wild talk of sendingthe Duk€ of Wellington our of
rapid-movinggunsof the BengalHorse Arlillery, however,and in "retirement" to bring his old magic lo lhis disrressingtum in
pracdcewere probably merely rearer to field anilbry than rhe nilitary affairs. Although th€ standardof th€ Europeansoldiery
healier guns,which reqirn€dhuge t€amsin order to move. was good, that of the native lndian troops was subject to
Gunnersworejacketsofblsck f€lt, withyellow braid acro$ the fluctuation;with no "cause"to fight for, a awarethal th€ Sikhs
chesl and scarlel or crimsoncollars. cuffs af,d tumbacks.Th€n had enticedHindu and even English troops to desen with iheir
trcuserswer€ €ither blue with red srripes or whire, as in the promisesof equality (there is no casle sysremin Sikhisn), the
infantry.The official headgearwasa French-stylebearskin,wirh a sepoystendedto take lheir cue from the success or failure of the
cnmsonpatch and cordsj but could be replacedwith a ..farigue" Europeantroops-The armywasthusorganisedin a mannersinilar
yellow turban: beltswere whir€, with blaakpouchesand a thit€ to the Anglo-Ponuguesearmy of th€ Peninsuta:one English
satchel.Like the infantry they also canied the rulyar. battalion to two or more sepoy. One plus was that two churka
Informationon amy standardsis hard b come byi a largesilk battalions.rhe Nassin and Sirmoor, wer€ seRing in aheir fi6t
banne' rpo\sibly yellow) In5cribed"ith 'eliSiou\ phra5eswa. tull'scalewar und€r British cont.ol; and they rapidly established
p r o b a b l )c o m m o n .b u r r h e ' e m a l a l s o h a r e b e e n r e C r m e n r a the
l superbreputa.ionwhichhasbee. upheldby th€ churkas ever
standardsalong Europeanlines- since.As at the battleoflnkerman a few yearsafterthe SikhWars.
Tbe logisticsoflhe Khalsa,either by a@idenror more probably th€ British infantrymanmade good th€ often sizeablegapsiD lhe
design,were viriually.on,existent,aDdthe a.my frequenttyw€nt militarycapabiliiiesofhis leaders- and,helpedalongby rhe Sikhs'
inlo battle not onlv unDaidbut half-stawed poor tacticalcontrol, and on occasionthe aciivecollusionoftheir
gen€rals-the Punjabwasfinallyannexedahertwowars.Although
The Khalsa in Battle rhere may b€ a hinl of the old campaigner"about someof the
wh€nwell-led, the Sikh infantryapp€artohavebeenabl€ro ca.ry quol€slatermadeaboutthe SikhWars.fte numerousex-Peninsula
out tbeirFrenchNapoleonictacticalevolutionsefnciently,bur the veteranswith rhe army found occasion!o remark that the Sikh
nom was a fairly static,€ven pasive deploynent, with the foot battl€swerethemoreferociousofthetwoconflicts.Fromprivareto
rang€d in solid massesbehind lines of enrrenchedsu.s. The Govemor General rhe enemy were r€ckonedto be fomidable
intanlry were capdbleol lorming.quare ro resrsrcaralr) ton one opponents wonhy of Bntish armj'- magnanimityting€d wirh
o@asion,probably through haste, these res€mbledequilateral reliefat the final victory,perhaps.Despitethe Asiaticsetiing.ther€
tnanglesratherthan squares),leadingto the remarkablespectacle was much about the wars to remind old Peninsulame. of Dast
of British cavalry charging oative squares, and tbey were very batlles. Drilled b) rhe French. the Sikh\ marchedtorrh ro rhe
difficult todislodge.Their in€gular spirit wasoften ftei. undoing, Fterch pasde chuge. ^fi a! nightwouldcallout "vous€rcsperdus,
the warriors being only too anxious to throw down lheir muskets Anglaises!"aswell asimprecationsin Hindusrani-in a bizarr€way
aad cbarge the advanciDgcava]rl with sword and shield. There is theSikhwa.s muslhaveseemedlike afinalechoofth€ Napoleonic
liltle precis€ evidence about the standard of Sikh musketrv
( a l r h o u gshe d o t n o w t h a rl h e h o m e - p ' o d u e dp o s d e .w a . p o o r j Another potenlial drawback for th€ British was rhe colossal
but it is unlik€ly to havebeenas efficientasthe Britisb controtted czararse.ar of bullock-cans,cameh and native s€nants which
volley. lronically, had Ranjir Singhlived a litlle longer,his army trailed afi€r the army in th€ field, restrictingmobiliry somewhati
would havebeen re,equippedwith percussioncap-filredmuskets bui the Bridsh werestillable lo pull ofHannibal's old rrick, on at
insteadof flintlocks- a marked improvementwhich rhe Brirish, leastone occasion(before Ferozeshah)of leavingpiquet! inlact
who h India were slill maif,ly flintlock-amed, were slowly whilethe armymarch€doffin anoiherdirection.The BengalHorse
begnning to recognise.Sikh artillery was gen€raly distributed AniUery. on the plus side, wer€ rhe spi.irual inheritors of the
eventyalongthearmy\ front, rarclypositionedsoihal fire couldbe effici€ncy and dashof Ramsay\ troop of the Royal Horse Aiillery
concentrated,and althoughthe gunsF€re heroicallysered rheir in the Peninsula.Th€ywerethe aru€elite of the &my, dress€dinan
.ate of fire was much lower rhan that of the B.itish, who despite unlikelycosruneof blackG€rman,srylehelrnet(probablybrought
havinggunsofsmalle!calrbrecouldmanoeuvreraprdlyro Idydown ir after PrinceWald€marof Prussia'svisit to Scind.in honour of
a heav! bombardmenron a crucral secrion ot the Sikh line. him. This wonhy was presentat Ferozeshah,but was sentoff to
t-eadershrpuas rhe grearesldbadvanrage.ho{ever. d vicrory safetyafterthe first day-h€ wa5subsequendypresenr at the Battl€
which would havenade Isandhlwanalook tnfling by conparison of Sobraon) - taller than the picklelaube and not unlike the
wasthrown awayat Ferozeshah whenTej Singh\ fresharmy,whicb cont€mporaryRussianhelmet with falling red plume; arrillery
could have destroyed the exhaustedand low-on-ammunnion blue,facedred, and dragoon-slyl€ riding boots.I hav€floevidence
 l7

frueiSorpttE
to supponit but this Dal havebeen.eplacedby a more sensible
fatigueuniform on campaign.Ttre BHA s iacticalsupremacywas
conpl€le, despit€the appeent advantagethe Sikht heavierguns
gavethem.In thecavalryarm. too, the Britishhad muchthe upper
hand, wilh nen who sere superblydisciplinedand preparedfor
heroicsacrifice;the chargesagainstunbrokensquaresand across
1 5 m m M e t a l Figures
earthworksare unrivalledin the annalsof the British army- The R o m a n& s Gauls
infantry, too, display€d savag€detemination when placed in Moghuls
suicidalposilionsby rheir supenors,and ofren carriedthe day by ThinyYearsWar
sheer g t againstapparenllyimpossibleodds. Thiny'odd y€ars
since the victories supposedlywon by the British volley, the English C i v iW l ar
foot-soldieEoftheArmy of Bengalfrequentlywon th€irbattlesby SevenYearsWar
the bayonet-charge alone. French& IndianWars
The Sikhs, unlike pr€vious native enenies. did not usually Clivein India
musteroveNhelming force againstrhe British; althougha simple AmericanWar ot
headcountcould discloseup to rwice as many Sikhsas British, a Independence
third or a half of the total could be irregularswho, an€d with
nalive weaDonsor matchlocks.were a seriousnuisancebut little
Napoleonics
more. Whereasthe Sikhs usually awaited the Brilish in purely S e m i n o lW e ar U.S.A.,g.Dtra
passiv€defence,with the regulaBmassedbehind the entrenched US-Mexican War uBtlt ttPotts |.lD
gunline and the cavalryon the flanks,th€ British (despit€frequent AmericanCivilWar
tactical mishandling)had all th€ advanlagesof the attacke.'s lor I t48
iniliative.OneBritish drawback.whichI shallrot di$usin detail, PlainsWars ftonFig||
\rasfte complicationofcommandoccasioned by the presenc€both M a x i m i l l i aEnx p e d i t i o n rl.6t8t0
of the Gov€mor Generaland th€ conmand€r-in-chief.Sir Huch ItalianWarsof
C o u g h .u n r m p e d c h a bbl 'ya v e .w a st o o s ' m i l a rr o M a r \ h d lN e y l n
temperament for safeiy:readingbelwe€nthe Iinesof contemporary
Independence
@respondence,there can be no doubt that Wellingionseriously Austro-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
For variousreasons,then, neither side was assuredof victory
ffom the outset. and lh€ innumerable possibiliti€s of wh^r night WORLOWIDE MAIL ORDERSERVICE
bavehappenednake rhe Sikh Warsa far more deservingcas€for S.A.E.lot TLLUSTRATED
USIS.
seriousstudythan seemsto havebeenthe case.On€ book which I FFEIKORPS l5' 25 PrincetownRoad,Bangor,
bavenot includ€dbelow.sinceI havenot so far beenable10obtain Co. Down BT20 3TA. Northernlreland.
a copy. it The Miitary Systemof t e Sik s by Farya Singh Bajwa.
published in 1964 which is refened ro by most of the more
well-known authorsi doubllessstudentswith knowledgeof an
Asian languagewould be able to uneanh still more about this In this article I have not dealt with the battles, or wilh lhe AImy
fascinatingaspeclof Brilish a.d Indian history. of Bengal, so that if you are new lo the period tunher r€adirg wil
be required before alteDpting to wargane it. However, sorneof the
Wargame ligur€s, etc. nain points wonh bearing in nind are: Sikh gunners do not "take
The wargameris fairly welt provided for in this sphere, ev€n rnorale ;Sikhmano€ufabilityandrateof fireisinfedortoBritish;
althoughnot many manufacturersmake Sikh Wars" rangesas Army of B€ngal sepoys (who hav€ no panicular causeto fight for,
after all) will follow lhe exainple of European units, and may panic
l. 15mm,Peter Laing has all tbe troops requiredfrom one or if left to their own devices; a good parallel is the mixture of British
moreofhis ranges:the Indian Mutiny figuresareobviouslyusetul, and Portugues€ units in the Peninsula; British were mix€d with
includinga Sikhwho canbe adaptedfo.the Khaha, and "trrutin€er sepoys for the In choosing a set of rules, the
gunners"whocanalsobeconv€n€d-Th€ Bririshinfanirymanof the much-maligned, poo. old wRG de a natunl. Since their
period muldwear the Mutiny piubox type of headgear,but could "Napol€onic's€r only extendsto 1845,you can make plenty of
alsobe found,dependingorthe individualunit.in variousshakoes, am€ndmentswith a clearconsciencelThemost imponant thing is
as *ell as the paddedcap typical of the Am€rican any of the that all the if,gredief,rs for the @lonial elements - mck€ts,
penod.This opensup otherpossibililies,sinceFreikorpJ exlensive canel-guns, iuegular cavaiiy, charging fanatics and so on are
"Russian" when
Us-Mexican range can be used to provide both infantry and included. For mo l€ Dumosesthe Sikhs should be
anillery The British Europeancavalryr€gimentscan be supplied sitting stolidly in defe;ce; but with a propensity to break ranks and
from CrimeanPeterLaif,gfigures(lancefsanddragoons),and the clarge from regulars to irregulars when within musket-shol of
native cavalry from th€ Mutiny range a8ain. British anillery was opporelts- The Ghorchunas are of coursewell-dressedcossacksin
typical of the Napoleonicp€riod: 6pdr horsegunsand 9pdr fteld
guns.probablydrawnby bullocks.The comparativelyfew heavier Finally, for both detail and atrnosphere,get hold of At Tlefi
sunswereelephantdrawn.There are innunerablepossibilitiesfor witb tbe Bayonet! (non-fiction) and A ForaShilingaDar,both
the Sikh irregulars,thanks ro rhe popularity of Parhans- any of by Don Feaiherstone - possibly out of print, but available ftom
whomcanbe draftedstraightinto the ranks.Th€ irregularscanbe a libraries or perhaps, a good second-handbook seffice. Firepoj|et
mixture of Patha.s. Mahdist Ansar lypes, and Renaissarceor by B.P. Hugh€sis alsoavailabl€at libraries,andcontainsa valuable
earlier(e.s.Saracenic) armouredAsiatics:however,so for fisures cbapter of, the a.tillery tactiG of both sides at Ferozeshah.
wilhout abow. or removeit. 's the Sikhswerenorhone archers.I
havenot seenFreikorps'Moghulrange,bul believethat they have
both camel-swivel gunsand mountedrocketeers,b€sidesplentyof At Then With the Bayonet, by Don Featherstone, 1968.
other Moghul typesperfectlysuitedfor the Sikhs.For Sikh guns, A for a Shilling a Day. also by Don Featherslone, (fiction).
obtain heavy Napol€onict)?es bur not Renaissarcepieces:the world Unifoms and Battles, 18i5-50, Philip Ha)ihomrhwaite,
Sikh guns were of modem design,unlike sone found in other (Blandford Colour Se.ies), 1976,(contaiffi sone British uniforns).
Asiatic armies-In 25nm Miniature Figunn€spmbably produce Six Battles fot India, hy George Bruc!, 1969, (covers both wars).
everythingr€quired(I havesome25nm Mutiny-styiefigureswhich F,repower.[,laj. Cen. B.P. Hughe\. Is74.
includeSikh uniforned types); dnd divereitycan be €xtend€dby Articl€ in Zie Burrerir. (BMSS journal), October 1973.
choosingplentyofmix€d typ€shomotherrangesfor the in€gulars- The Mahanjahs, Johntitd, 1912.
18

PICTURE
REVIEW
Top left areGenerahGrahamand Gordonfrom the
Connois,ieurFigDres25mm Sudan range. Peter
Gilders ret;rementfiom the wargames Holiday
Centre has led to an increasein the Connoisseur
outpur. Both lhe Sudanand the ACwpcriods hale
r e c e r ' l ! l . e e l f a v o u ' e d \. u , h ( N r p o l e o r i . .h d \ <
n o r l . e e . n e p l p c r e dd.. d l l d 1 c p d r t i r n n h .
Connoisseurad. will sho$

**********

L e I I i ' I h e B d I t l eH u n u J r ' t i m m S " s " n r d P e A r a , '

elep\drr lande ro Sfll Il o\ f^, elephanr.
dri!e' zld I crer. BaIle Honou-. DanBorehan,
I c l l sm c I h l r B . H . q r l . J o r b e a h e r o o e r l h e . ,
f i e u r c 'r o . h o p ' d n . i ' c r a r l c ' . .o q r r e r o - r n f . o ! e d
produclion facilities. (Yes. thcr-re acquiring a
L a { i n gn r . \ i n p o f r h e i ro u n ' ) \ e q ' . n s c r o | - | r l " e
m d r \ e r ' I l d i a n M L , r i n ! .r o b ( f o l l o u e d . u o nb )
A . ( - . w ( T . n \ B d n r . t i n e e 6h d v (n ^ k d p p r r c n r -
ly woln back to the second knuckle. and hes
\ u l p r ' n g s i r h h n t e e l ) T h e r el l a l . ^ h e r n L d p -
lebearcr pfogram for the A.C.w. period. (No
m€ntion of an Eaglebearer' for the Mutin],
h o q e r c ' O b ! o u . l r r \ e B d r re H o n o u r , c n n p L t e r
Departnent is SLACKINGI)
Finally. asyou'll rcadelsewhere,Battle Honours
are stagingWarcoo T{o. sane venue as the 88
version.on l2th & l3th August 1989.

**********

Hetussffi
Carts and wagonsabove are from Q.T. Modek l5mm Museum
Mininturesrange.Esentially there are two leBions ol the cart (2
eheels) and four versionsof the eagon (a wheeh). All are.
PATRICIANMINIATURES
howeler, available with either spoked *heeh ECw/ Complele Wargames Serrices.
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Baggagecart o. ihe Banels cart. or the Covered wason, lhe rc. ,: \. rfl.'cr'ur r"r I RI f qu .,ii n. "l
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the Banels wason. (one eachfor Red, Whitc, and Ros€desirner 79 llherinclonRord. Hull. Ht-6 -JR.
D a r eH o ) l e s a . ' u - e . mO e f c o u ^ e . r r t o L o prro r r h e \ o h d w h e e l T € l : t 0 J 8 2 )8 5 1 : l l D r ! n r E \ € n
lersron to Bo with vour Roman army, il s just aslikelvro be lhree
banels of decomposingrish. isn t it?)
 19

TheEighteenthcenturyhas,sincethe SLxties,beena favouite en lor thosehobbyistswho like b rctain the style andflavour of the
||arkrc||hikt settingit in ageographicalandpoliticalsettingoftheftown. meseMa bunanfigrcs thenrcpresentthenighty torcesol
Runbaria advancingagainstthe otr-canen Legionsof St. Georye.Runbadan nonarch in rcal life is the Gnnsby wargamesClub's
ColinRunford. CIubsecretaryMark Alcock contols theL.S.G. Theinfluenceof thela@Bigadier Yourg ztd CharlesGrantis freely
adnit@d. Any siniliarities with the forcesof the SunKing and Corporalrohn are pwely coincidental.me ioops arc nainly fron
StnttgEn, with a battalionol MiltifiCs and C-in-C& iunpeter fron WaryanesFountrr.

Bob Black looks at

EUGENE'SEASTERNVICTORIES.
History is full of "what if't. In fact thatt what sargamingis all
abour settingup a historicalsituationand seeingwhai happens
"if'.In 1683the KingofFranceturneddowna requestf.om a young
manto servewiththe FrenchArmy.'"lhe requestwasmodest,the
applicationnot", waswhat Louis XIV said.Looking backthrough
the centuriesit's easyfor us to see that Francenot only lost lhe
sewicesof one of the greatestgeneralsof:lltim€, but pushedhin
into the senice of one of her enenies.
That en€mysawhis polential- and pronotionsfolloved npidly.
The young soldierrepayedthis by a seriesof victori€sthat made
Napoleancallhim one of the sevengreatcommandersofhistory, as
well as influencingthe styleand compositionof tbe army, a style
that would remain until the dissolutionof the Empire he sered.
The army he joined belongedto th€ Austrian Habsburgs,and he
was Eugene,Princeof Savoy-Cangnon.
As a commanderEugenehas beenovershadowed by fte ofter
gr€atsoldierhe s€n€d with - the Duke of Marlborough.Cenainly
to the British he is alwayssecondin commandto John Churchill,
and indeedthe period is named after Churchill the Marlburian
Period. Y€t Eug€newas more than just a good "number2".
There are mod€rnhistorianswho are nowinclinedto placea lot
ofMarlborough'striumphsandvicioriesat ihe fe€t ofEugene.But
the Prince of Savoy{arignon has no need to detract from
Marlborougb'sgreatness,he won enoughof hjs own. One of his
greatestvictorieshad not only lastingpoliticaland military effects.
but even altered architecture-
It's possible to learn a lot abou! a town or city from its
architeciure.Forexamplethe CharlesBridgewasbuilt inthe 15th
ceniury,and hasa doglegso that invadingarch€6 couldnotget a
clearshotat th€ garrison.The Habsburgs'cityof Viennawasa far
cry from th€ lovelycity touristsoftoday admireitherewereno fine
buildings.Itwasa city that had just survivedasiege,andwasready
for another.It was only after Eugen€h greatvicory of lT17rhat
therewassecurityenoughto build with magnificence andopul€nce
in mind.
w}len Eugeneleft Franc€afterLouis' rebuffhe mettheEmperor
L€opoldI at Passau.He offeredhis servicesand waslak€ninto the
Imperial Army. But it was not a propitioustim€ for th€ Austrian
Emperor he wasfleeingVienna.whichwasbesiegedby a Turkish
army. Thus Eugene'sfirst combatwas not to be with a European
army, bur with the might of rhe Ottoman Empir€.
when h€ fought alongsideMarlborough Eugene commanded
20

menin tricomesand lonftailed coats.Like lbeir en€ny they were Abridge ofboatsenabledthe armyto crosthe Danube.and the
armedwathmuzzle-loading muskets,and their officersfollow€da troops were deployedlo cut off the Turkish garrison.One flank
code of chivalry and conduct. Bot the men who made up the restedon the Danubewhihtthe other restedon the Save-bui whiht
Turkish amy camefrom a different era. unchangedthrough the Belgradewas cut off from land basedasistarce it could stiu be
centuries.Soldiersw€aring turbans or Saracenhelnets carried suppliedby the Turkish fleet.
spears,bows. macesand des into battle. as well as pistoh and
nuskets. In the earlierwarsagainstthe Turks the Popehad ohen Belgrade
proclaimeda crusade.with Christiansfighting "Godt Wa1' by Now Eugenelearnt that a Turkisb relief force was narching lo
killingthe Moslems.The Turkswent into banl€ believingthat thev B€lgrade,and would arive within the next two months.His healy
too fought againstthe Unbeliever.To die in battle for then Fairh artillery. esential for batteringdown the defences.had not yet
promisedthem a placein Paradise. arrived.bul his plan remainedthe same:take Belgradeand then
turn to meetthe reli€fforce.Ifhe did nottake the castlehe would
The Siese of Vienra be lrappedbetweenthe impregnablefonressand the mainforceof
Help came to the besiegedcity of Vienna in the form of an the Ottoman aftny. He took th€ precautionof buildingdefersive
Imp€rialA.my undertheDuke ofLorraine, and aPolisbone under linesto protecthis rear. and then settleddown to besiegethe city.
Jan Sobieski. As these forces fought their way down th€ The Aunrians had little luck during the next f€a weeks.Fever
KahlensbergHeightsthe young Princeof Savoy-Carisnonwas to sweptthroughth€ir ranks,anda stormdestroyedpan of the bridge
so distinguishhimselfthatLeopoldpromisedhim conmand of the of boats. The Turkish garrison made sonie after sonie out of
first regiment to fall vacanl. He was given comnand of rhe Belgrade. causingmore casualtiesto the Imperial army. Slill
Regimentof Dragoonsof Kufstein. unable to storm the walls becauseof the lack of heavy anillery
His.i!e in the Inperial army wasto be rapid. Eugenebecamea Eugeneleamr that the Grand Vizier Khalil wasfast approaching.
major-generalin 1685and a lieutenant seneralin 1688.Wirh rhe The Au.trian( noq found rhcm,ehe. rrapDedberweenrmpregn
outbreakof fte warofthe Gra.d Alliance (1688-97)he becamea able citadeland a Turkish torce of 150.000to 200.000men.
field marshal.Louis of Francehad donethe youngPrincea favour But the Grand Vizier did not attack. Why waste men when
wh€nhe turneddown hisrequestto seNethe Fredcharmy-would diseaseand lack ofsuppliesFould do the work for himl Everyday
ayoungmanwith no moneyandIittle backgroundorinflu€ncehave that passedwas io the adlantageof the Ottomans-Eugenealso
risen so far in the lerice of Louis? realisedtbis. and sincehecouldnot ass:ohthe fonresshe reasoned
In 1694Eugenewas appointedImperialcommanderin {hief in he must attack the main Turkish force.
Italy. Eugene'sIblian campaignswerethe subjectof a wargar?es
/lus.rated. article by Luigi Casaliand so will be ignoredhe.e. "Either I shalllake Belgrade...."
Duringthewarof the GrandAllianceAultriawasfighringonlwo EugenespenrrheeveningofAugust l5th. lTlTwritingorders. as
Fonts, as Leopoldhad nevermadepeacewirh rhe Turks. In 1689 calmlf'asifhewer€backin Vienna.The $ritten orderswerepassed
th€ Otronans had .etaken Belgrade.and were againbeconing a tohisstaffandofficen. andtheyootedthartheyin no way indicated
the s€riousn€ss oftheir position.Theywere aspreciseand deiailed
In 1697Eugeneenjoy€dhisfirst solo triumphwhen.assupreme asifwritlen for a marchpastthe Emperor. ratherthan a desperate
commanderon the Turkish front. he fought and won the bartleof batlle in which their traditionalenemiesoutnumberedtbem.
There Nas some surpriscand disasreementfrom officers,bul
At the ageof34 h€ found the army he wasro commandin a poor Eugere ansNered.'Either I shalltake Aelgrade.or ihe Turks wiu
stalei unpaid. without unifo.ms, and shon of munitions and
supplies.By bis own efforts h€ pulled his men toSetherirto an But the most bighlv detailed plans can still be influenc€dby
effectivefighting force in just a few weeks. factorsoulsidethe commander'scontrol.
He discoveredthat the Turks had thrown a bridse acros rhe The order lo adlance$as Sivenjust after midnighl. but shonly
R i v e rZ e n t aa n dr h e t rc a r a h yh a da L e a d yc r o \ s e do ; r h e uw a l r o after rhe rroopsnoved forward a thick mist camedown alongthe
invadeTransylvania.The Imp€rialtroopshad alreadymarchedfor RiverDanube.The l€adingImperialcavahydetacbmentstumbled
ten hours. but Eugenecalled on them for a greatereffort. They into a Turkish unir in the mist, and fighting broke out. With the
reachthe bridgebeforenight, or the Turkswould disappearinrhe fightingEugen€andhisarmylostthe elementofsurprise.Allalong
darkness.RespondinSto their commanderrhe Imperial forces the front AustriansoldieBran intoTurkish outpostsand units.and
reachedthe Turkish camp witb just two hoors of daylightIeft. the officeB foundir idpossibiero followEugene'sorder eachurit
They imm€diatelyattackedtheTurks in their camp.takingrhem fought its oFn 1itllee.gagement.
by surprise.Eug€n€'spinc€r movementdrove then backinto an An earlymorningwind clearedttre mist and Eugenesawrhat his
everdecr€asing space.By the time nightfellEugeneand his troops lines had been pen€tratedb! a stroneTurkisb force. culling his
had a decisivevictory. rightflank. He rodeto rhe headofthe resenc cavalryand charged
They had lost 100 dead and 200 wounded:th€ Turks had losl the Turks. scatteringthem and closing lhe gap. Back in his
m,000 in th€ fighting,and another10.000had fled in panicto rhe commandpost he orderedthe infanrry forward.
river, only to drown in the crushof bodies. They adlancedas they had done againstEuropeanfoes. with
His ordersfron Vienna bad statedthat he was ro take no risks. drums beatingand coloursfltring. Bul insleadof lines of French
and only enageth€ eneny if victorywascertain.Neithe. condition infantry awaiting rhem they faced the might of the Orloman
had appli€d,but Eugenehad lak€n the initiariveand won a great Empire. wbo put up a bealy fire as cameforward.
But the Oltoman could not standagainstsuchmen. Wirhin an
Itwastoolat€ inth€ campaigningseasonto pushon to Belgrade. hourlhey were fleetingthe battlefield.Behind rhemthey left oler
so th€ armyconl€nt€dilselfwith retakingSarajevoin October.and 10,000dead, l50guos and 60 srandards.T*o daysafter the battle
then r€turnedto Vienna. the garrhon of Belgradesurrendered.
The Wa. of the SpanishSuccesionsawthe famouspannership Eugenehimselfwassounded i. the fighringand reriringto his
of Eug€neand the Duke of Marlborough.A greatdeal has been tent to wrjte n repofi ofthe battle.He paidtribute 1othe courageof
written of th€ two commandersand th€ir victories.and so this the soldiers under his command. w.iting thar their almost
articlewill pas overthis period.concentratirgon EuSenet career unequalledvalourinthefaceof oveNhelmingoddsrenderedlhem
in Central and Eastern Europe. and his forrhcominglictory at worthy o{ undying fame throughout Chr;tendom. He scarcely
Belgrade. both€redto mentionhis Nound
In 1716he led the Imp€rialarmy againstthe Turks and defeated CountHamiltonwasdespalched 1()Viennatogive rhegreatne{s
them at Peterwardein.The followi.g year he moved against to the Enp€ror. Fourhundredmileslaterhe rodeinto rhe city. his
Belgrade,and on Mny 2l investedthecitv with hisforceof80.000 postillionssoundingtheir horns as the people cheeredrh€ dirty.
dosty mesengeB. Before lhe Imperial Coun a tired. dusty but
Belgradewasconsideredimpregnable.situatedas it was on rhe smilinsCounttold the Emperorandrhe world - Eugenehad taken
junction of lhe Danube ard the Save. The Turkish ganison Belg.ade.
consistedof 30.000of th€ Sultan'selire lroops, tbe Janissaries- Belgradesas the turninSpoint in the battle agaihstthe Turks.
 2l

Securenow. Vienna would developinto the capitalofone on€ of

tbe greatestempires
intheworld. Whateverhisfan€intheWest.as
friend and ccrommand€r with Marlborough. the eictory at
Belgradewassufficientto makeEuge.e o.e ofthegreat soldiersof
Fifteen MilI
181BIIIIAMIAM, BURTON.ON.TTXM,
And the 'what if that stanedthis anicl€?What if l-ouisXIV of sT{FFsD[13 0IlB. (0281 6n92 Tue-sat,
10-6
Francehad had the samesenseto engageEugen€in the French Minifigs'; Esscx'Anc, Col, Napi TTG-ECVr, Fani
army.Would h€ stillbe known to us asMarshalof$e Holy Roman M u s e u m ': D i x o n ' : D o n n i n g l o n . A n c :F r o n t_ R f f k ' :
Empire. Knighr of the Golden Fleece.and Victor of Belgrade? '-" (Ur*2):
c h a r i o ( : R o u n d w d yJ a c o b i t c : | . m ( ! l O D ) ' :
Would Marlborough,an undoubtedmilitary geniushavewon such
victoriesagainstsucha gereral? osprey;Plaka;Ma$eth';Mainh'Military
There can neverbe a historicalanswerto suchquestions.Louis + SECOND HA\D BARGAINS
XIv of France made his decicion. one for which Austria and Mailorder$elcome 15rl|mPatntingRates
Central Europe is grateful-But the wargamermay like to try to P&P- Below55 - 50p Foot 3ip Basing 5p
discov€rthe answer,pitting the Feat commandenof the period Over15 - Postfree Mounted60D
dcainsredchorher. rarhet than on the sameside
mapin W.1.14 ('FU[I rang€)
Location

IIIIITE METAI, CASTINGtrSSOCIATION

TheWhiteM€talCasting AssodationwasbornoutofthedesireofNevilleDickinsonofMinitigsand MikeShawo{George
NealesMetalstoertablirhonceandforalltheauthenticity,integrigandcommitmentofpersonsand smallCompani€s
whomaketheirlivingoutoftheusageolWhiteMetal,b€ itlew€1ry,Modelsandthelike.
In late1987thelnternationalTinResearch Instituteinvitedanumberoflargeruseritosend a Reprerentativeforan
initiaI meeting,to disessa feasibilitynudy,andjn early1988theinauguraI meetingelecteda Chairmananda Stee ng
Committeeto{ormulateArticleso{Association anda Setof Rules.
UnfortunatelytheChairmanresigneddueto pressureofwork,sotheSteering CommitteeappointedNevilleDi<kinson
astheChariman fortheperiod uptothe FirltAnnualGenera I Meeting.A longr€ssionovercupaftercupof coffee
{inali5€dthedraftConstitution, andthecontentoftheletterswhichwouldbes€ntout to all knownu5e6o{WhiteMetal
inthe U.K.MrR.PatersonwasappointedtheSecretary,with a rnandatetoertablishaMembershipwithin certaintermsof

Ther€aretwocategorieso{Memb€rship.
FullMemberswhomustbeinvolvedfulltimeinthe usageofWhiteMetaland
Associate
Memberswhowouldb€ Suppliers,
Designers
andthelikeanduserswhodonotmaketheirlivingfromWhite

EveryUserwho d€rivesanyincomefromWhiteMetalshouldapplyforfurtherderaik,eitherfrom the Chairman, Mr

Nevill€Dickinson an ApplicationFormand(opyofthe proposedConstitutionfromthe
atMiniatureFigurines,orobtain
Se(etary,M r R.Paterronwhoseaddre5r€saregivenb€low.Thelargerthe membership,th€ g reaterthe strength,the
firmerthecommitmentand patternandauthenticity.
the nrongertheintegrityo{design.

MiniatureFiourinerLtd.
25 Long Stre-et
so2oax staffs,5T199NF
Tel:0703220855 Tel: O7a58rrc086

IAI BECI(
Itiswithdeepestreqretthatlhavetoinfofmyouof thedeathoflanBeckina recenltrafficaccident.
lanwasoneofthelead:ng lightsoiHalifaxWafgamesSocletyfrom itsearllestdays. totheclubhisownparticuar
brlnging
brandof humour,creativityandshowmanship; bulhewillbebestremembercd forthewayheandhiscompanions pioneered
theuseoftopqualityepicdisplaysatwargame conventons,especiallyduringtheea y yearsof theNodhernMllitaire.
Thesedispaysincludeda giantgladlatoialarena witha completeaudience, a masslveBenHur stylechariotracegame.a
thoroughyatmospheric "spaghettiwestern 'gunfightand thesprawlingPonyWarsdisplay; allofwhichheenergetically ranas
games.
publicpanicipatlon
Notcontentwiththisdisseminationof his deas,heaLsoproduced manycommerciasetsof wargames ruesstillin use
aroundtheglobe.Theseincude:Shockof lmpactwith ts ownatmyists;OnceUpon A TimeInTheWestanditssequel- The
" onthesamesiderules" .
Return;Rudis- Gladiators andchaiotEcing;a.d PonyWarc.with ilslnnovativeeverywarcamer
Intheprccessofdoing allthishestlllfoundtimeto
careforawifeandtwochlldren, holddownanextremelydemandingjob
asanexpertoncomputersystemsandtakea leadingroleintheConfederateArmy intheAmerican CivilWarSociety. inwhlch
orcan:sat:orhproseto lrre'an(ofMdio'.
Asmaybeseen frcmthelistofhispastimes lanhadagreatzestforlife,which communicated itseftoeveryoneheassociated
with.Hehada grcatsenseoffun andanabilitytodeiusetouchysituations.
Atthesarnelime hischeekyirreverencefor
hldebound ideasgave hisproiectsan allimponantsenseoforlginalityandaboveallfun.Hewasagrealleaderofmenandth€y
followedhimbecausetheywishedto. Tosaythathislosswillleavean ffeplaceablegapinthewargaming lanksisa lamentable

PeierMorison
On behalfof HaifaxWargames
Society.
Thisbwy Viet NatttsceaehasESCIV.C. to& PeE Duckwotth's@llection- backedby a Rd S.,r nodek AFV - aEAitstPeteSnith's
taltksaid Bian E z€its'sYatk (IrsarNnm v iety). All kis took pkce closerto Coventy than Saigon.

THENIGHTBELONGSTO
CHARLIE
Pqrlll
byAlanA.D. Hamilton

In the last article I outlined an oDerationin 1966which reqnted fiorn a
Viet Cong Regimenls ability-to move fteely at night. The night
b€longs to Charlie was Eue of the elrly penod of Anerican
involvement in Vietosm.
In theseeadyyeas lhe US Anny wasvery nuch an advisoryforceas
opposedto a conbat force. As suchit lacked the ex€cutivepow€r to
force a condusion to any fiiefight or ev€n dircct oFmtions to a
succ€sstulconclusion. Things becameso bad that the Arny of the
R€public of Vietnam (ARVI{ or Aflin) ren$€d to move, let alone
fight, awayftom its basesafter nighdal. Thus it alowed the initiative
to pa$ to rhe \4et Cong who were rct slow to capitatiseon this
OnceUS Army manoeNre forc€s(C-ombatUnils) weremmmit0ed
the nighl b€cameneutral. The technolo$ availablelo lhe US Army
assistedtheir units to achievelocal sup€norityin a plannedambulh - if
not at other times!
The dire.tive was that the enemy $ere to be ambushed and shotru steelbals in a 60 degreearc. It wasd€en€d lethal at 50 yards
aggr€ssivepatrols were to be deplo'€d to counter the enexnyft€ldon
at night. Accordingly th€ infantry units deployedpatrols of a variety of foliagewhich interfered with the flight ofthe prcje.tjles. lt wa5Dottoo
typ€sto hardss,to ambulh, to recomoiEe or lo attackthe enemywhen Iong before lhe Viet Cong copied this we-aponor us€dcapturedones.
he felt s€.!re - at night. This required sp€aialtraining and t€chniques
which had to be leamt ftom counes and fton exDenence.
It is wirh rhe ambushthat this anicle is conce;€d. The US Annv
(ard mo6roders) rclognised 6!e prirBry objective of an anbu!h': did have a back blast area, which meart that it could not be plac€d
destruction (of penoDnel and/or naterial)
capture of infomation
Iorce da.loyment on the enemy to his disa&antage
Ther€ are two basic tvD€sof ambush:
the hastyambushiliich is quickly plannedwhen the eneny is heard
(nore associatedwith the Viet Cong).
the deliberate anbush which is planD€din adi€nce.
In both of these the sinple tactics of the ambushare the same.The
"srt
anbushing force deploysin three panies. Two ofP' group6 ard
Soldien were nev€r, never deployedalone-The very ninimuln was
two so that one could watch and the other rest in his fire position. No
movementor noise was pemined. The task of watchingand waiting
wasvery fatiguing dd so was sharedto ea!€ the physicaland mental
The "cat of|' groupEor secudtyel€mentsaJeto give waming of the
approachof the €neny force. They also report the column length and
streDgthto the anb'ish conmande.. He may d€cidenot to spdng lhe
anbush on the basisof this information sincehe could find his r0 man
arnbushparty havingits day spoiledcompletelyby a companyoflwA
troops! The cuaofrgoup is alsoto cut off the escap€of aDyswivors or
delay any reirJorcementr.
The assaultgioup alwalEcontainsthe command€rand is task€dwith
the d€structionof the enemy. For thi! talk ii must hai€ consrderable
tu€power and be able to achieve surprise. The major source of
tuepower lor rhe US Amy lay in the M18A1 Clalmore xninewhich
and honific out to lm yards. Itr peformance wasdegradedby heaiy
Therc were, however,disadvantagesin usinglhis mine. Thesewere
that it had to be caretullyset and thi! s€ttingcodd leadto a prehature
explocionin inexperiencedhands.Ako, in spiteof b€ingdn€.tional, it
witlin about 5 to 10yardsof the frer unl€sssuiiableprecautionswere
In ambush€sthe claymorewasulualy detoMled by @tmand. That
is the trip wire was dgg€d so that a riflenan could pul it to fire the
mine. ln this way sEayaninals or civilbns wodd not conpronise th€
ambushsite by tripping a taut wire.
You might, at this stage, think that being ambushedby a forc€
armed with clalmor€s on a wargamestable is a one sid€d affan.
However, \leapolls areneverasgoodasthe theory sa}t theyshouldbe,
lhe sightson the clalnore were not the most acormte and mo6tof the
action took place h the dark. A[ of these combine to incaeas€the
suaival chancesof the arnbushed.
Once the anbush has been sFung and the enemy destroyed the
 23

800n
To Phuocan I

bodi€shaveto be searchedfor infomation. This is caled 'policing up . f,rcmy IolG: groupsof 5 ro 12VC are knou to be operatingin the
It also coven the removal of enemy weapons,artununition and other &ea, tenorising rhe villagen into providing food, noney and recruits.
l-ast night screamsand unusualr'oiseswerereponed in PhuocAn ([).
Now com€sthe Inosl tricky stage the escape.On the way to ahe
ambush site the pairol leader would have indicated a numbe. of Friendly lorc{s: Coy A hrs been patroling in daylight looking for
rcndezvouspoinrs (RVt). when he givesthe order to withdraw the monar and rockeasites that have b€€n us€d againstthe basecamp.
ambusheFretir€ asrapidly asthey can to eachRV, where they balt to Patrols have establish€da good relationship with the local vilag€is.
lisl€n for soundsof pursuit and to check lhat nobody has become
separated.All being well they enier then oM defenceline throueh a Limitatios: there is to b€ no nonar or anillery 6re within 1m0 metres
designaled lane. If they try anlNhere els€ they are likely to b€ of e,ther Phuoc An (I) or Phuoc An (II). This has been aseed by
ambushedo. fired on by their own side 'Blue on Blue'as theysay:very Baftalion HQ and lhe village headman.

The evacuationof crinca y injued soldieB was given high pnonty Mission:Your squadis to set an ambushto deny the enemythe us€of
by rhe US forces- However. patrol leaderswere well awar€ that the the trails betseen Phuoc An (I) and Phuc An (1l).
Dustoff chopperscould not carry out everyone.Thus the patrol would
hav€to find and hold an LP (I-andirg Point) until the Dustotr dived
dd then maketheir o\rn way out havingjust declaredtheir positionto 1. Night approach
all the enemywithin earshot.Natumly enough,palrol l€aden iried to 2. RV shon of objective
evacuatetheir wowded themselv€sif the distancewasnot too lFeat or 3. Clc recon of arnbushsit€
the iniuries too serious. 4. Siting of ambusb
5. Ambush (Shoot to ki[)
IF YOU INTEND TO PI-AY THIS GAME AS A PLAYER AND NO|I 6. Police up if tine allows
AN ORGANISER STOP READING NOw. Mlxt of the fun comes 7. Treal wounded (evacuateif necassary)
fiom nol knowing ever',thing. So stop it nght nowl 8. withdraw after firing utused claymores

The Scenario,US Amy ey6 oDly. (You need th€ sketch map.)
No. 2 platoon,2nd squad.
Sitution: CompanyA of th€ 3rd Battalion, 21stInfartry servingin the Sgl Lloyd E. Jones (Squadliadei) Car-15
196th Light Infantry Brigade someten kilometres south of Chu tii, Sgt walter R. Nobles Gne T€an B I-eadet Cad5
Quang Ngai Fovince has been deployed into a Tactical Area Of Spec4Richard A. Jolin (Ere Team B l€ader) M-16
R€sponsibility(TAOR) which includest'o hanlets PhuocAn (t) and Spec4Jim Montgomery (Radio Op€rator) M-16
Phuoc An (II). These hanlets &e some 8m mefts apan. Th€y are Spec4Victor M. QuimonesM-79
connectedby trails along the edgesof th€ nce paddi6. The ground is Pfc Jam€sH. l,ee M-16
generaly flat with a few low riles of lessihan 6 n€tres. The whole area Pfc Thomas L. Robinson M'16
is under cultivation as rice paddiesor asplanlations.The paddy fields PIc Douglas L. Can€r M'79
arewel and are a severeobstacleto dismount€dnovem€nt. The water Pfc Roy C- Grooms M-16
's 12"deep. Pfc Vemon E. Mct ean M-16
24

Ih€ss ed equipnent Soft hals are to be wom insteadof helmets.. AclioDs:fi$rc! may makeup to two actionsif, a tum at the dis.aetion
In addition to his penonal w€apon each man is to carry 4 tIE of th€ umpire. Actions ee nonaly defned as moving. communicat-
ftagm€ntationgenades, tull warerbottles.a fitst aid pouchand a towel ing and shooting.
to suppres oughs and sne€res.
Those anned wift M,79 crenade lruncheB have 3 cannister. 16
HE rounds and a .43' Automatic pistol as w€|l US Nomal 6"; Roads 7', Crcss @utry 4; Paddy field 2 ; Crawl 1".
Sgi. Jonescaries 2 White Phosphorousgrenades,a strob€ lamp to vC Nomal 6"; Roads8, Crosscoutry 5"; Paddyfield 3 ; Crawl2 .
guide a Medevac Helicopter C'Dustof in Namspeal) dd a slar
cluster Gignal combination flde). Morcmert modifrers:
Spec4Jin Montgomery crnies a ndio set on net ro Coy HQ, spare Moving car€tuly (nin noise) - haf rate
battery and two orange and two gl€en smoke grenades.
-t
Dstributed equipndt 5 Claymores.2 torches (red filtet!) and one
st.rlight scope.
The squadhasto b€ briefed on the plan and allocatedtheir rolesand
additional equipment.They would then be rebearsedduring daylidr pistol.45' 2' 5+: { 6+: { 7+: 8"8+ STR-4
accordingto the €stablishedprocedures.A peFof,al belongingsand SMG9mD 5" D-3: iY D-4: 15"D-5: 2fl D 6 sTR 5
anlthing which rattled would be lefr behind- All weaponswould be CAR-15 5" D-3: lY D-4: 15"D-5: 24'D-6 STR 5
check fired and Ihe radio t€sted. AK47 8 D-3: 1d D-4: 24'D-5: 31D-6 STR 4
The only personwho ha5seenthe gloud is rhe s€ctionteader and M-16 ID 3: 16"D-4: 24 D 5: 31D-6 STR-3
then only fmm a djstrnce through binoculan. SKS 10'5+: 20'6+: 30 7+: {r 8+ STR-3
RPDM 60
Th€ gameis not over util you exit the sourhem edgeof th€ lable. prcne dD 12"D 4: 24D 3: 3fD 4:
5:
@'RPDSTR-3 (M-6r0
STR-2)
S&nario, Viet Cong ey€sor y hip 6" D-'.4: 12"D 5: 1{ D 6: 2{ D-7
The two han etscomprisingthe village of PhuocAn havebeenvisired M-79(,fom) lY5+: 2g'6+: N'7+1 4V9+
by many US Army patrols- The villagen seemed to have been 8 40(RPG-2)5"5+: 1{r6+: ry1+: 20'8+ STR 4 D6 hirs
r€spondng to the lies and gitu of rhe enemy. This codd not be crenadeHE ftae d 5+: bu6t aread D6 hiK STR -3
tolemkd and m examplewasmadeof them. L"st night you were able Gr.ade 4&m HE bu6t dea 4'D6 hits STR 4
to peNuademost of the inhabitantsof Phuoc An (I) ro retum to the Grenade40m @lisler bmt coneg long3" wide STR 2 D6 hits
fold. Some took more peNuading than olheF and rheir oies of Claynore(shon€nge) 60 degreearc 8" dep sTR 0 3xr)6 hits
rep€ntancemust have been heard by enemy symparhi*rs. (lons tuge) @ndnualionof shonto 16' STR 3 2xD6 hirs
Enemy forcesin the &ea are basedon a Bathlion srref,gthdefensiv€ B-40fraemenratiorBust dea 6 STR 4 D6 hils
position about thre€ kilometres away to the south. They have been
s€nding out patrols in daylight of aboul 12 to 35 men. They have
concentrat€don trying to locate our monars and rocket sites. They Factorsaffecting fte - chanceof hits
have abo tried to subvert the villasers. -4 fting at muzde flash or unseen.but known, €nemy
tn addition. the e.";cans triue been trying rc o$rupr our -2 wirhout nigbtright in darkness
-2 fter wounded
m o v e m e n h a l n i g h t u . i n g h e l i c o pTlheeG. e o p e r a r e i n r e a m s o l 2 o r S
machines. One hasDowertulsedchlishrsand elecrrctucsensoFand
the oth€rsde beavilyarmedgunshiF6.-several of our patrolshavebeen I target moving over 6'
badly hit by thes€ teams and suffered heaw casualties.This is noi +1 r6ted 6re position
helping our caus, since the local villageE see rhese as Mer Cong +2 6lst rourd of ambushfire direcl€d into killing zone
defeair. We cannot afford anothe. revers€withour severelossof face.
Your sectionis to persuadethe eilagen of PhuocAn (II) to relum to Onc! lhc numberolhitsisdererninedusinsthcrbole rNblesandan!
the fold by showingthem the exampleof then felow villagers. They orherfado6 that the organiserdeemscompelentin the situation.ir
win, in my cas€,atreadyknow what happ€nsto tmcoats. turtherdieisrolledandtheSTRfactorapplied. The rcsultantflgureis
comparedto ihe hrgct figure-sproteoion. This gi\cs the dumage
inflicted.(seebelo{)
Pham Chi lan neaderJAK47 Ifmore thanone hir is achicledb! smallNrmsthenhrlf fallon rhe
Binh Son Cau Gecondin cotunand) AK-47 neuesttigure.the remainderirreshrredamongstotherfigLrres in the
Ho Vu Ngot AI<47 dangerzone(within 2").
Luc Duc Da AK47 Multiplehirsfron minesaresharedelcnh amongethoscwithinthe
Van Tr€n Xuan AK-47 bealenzoneto a maximumoil pcr ligu.e. Halfan\ carfl.(ner hom
Duong Van Co SKS s h o n' . , n s eI n J r I ' e ! d o . d r o ' h ; l ^ n J ' . , n s c" o r e
Khan Vu Chi SKS Damdgeto tiguresis represenled b\ thrcecategories: Woundcd.
Lu Han Vo SKS CripplednndDead.TheseNreg.rnerermsanddo nor necessfilv.inn
Trm Van Giau SMG c . m p r i g np d m er o r c r J m p l c I. n e J ne \ 3 d h s h d l l h < ) . r t .
Vo Huong Knanh SMG Sincealltheflguresusedinthisgamcarcir lightequiprnent rnd not
Your route iom PhuocAn (l) to Phuc An (II) wi be coveredby ihe encunbcrcdby he.[ tlakjrcketsor packsrhc) arcall rrearedasbeing
main force compmy. You may wish to deploy someform of security equal.Organ;sers arefrec ro alterthisaslhe! seefit.In thiseamerhe
element to prevent interference. rcsultanldamagefiguresnre:
wounded I or more
The Rul€$ O.gsnise.runpir" e)6 otrly crippled .l or norc
The playen are only givenasmuchinformation @nc€mingtheseasthe derd 6 or more
organiser-umpiredeemsthat they ,eed ro,tno|y. They shouldbe given Two woundsmakerhe figurecripplcdand t$o crippleskill him.
rangesof their weapons,but not the eff€.tiven€ssin exad tems- They
should know rougl y how fast they move and so on. Tlus a VC hi$ a Grunt (US Ann! soldieotBice$ith his AK .17.He
The rules are basedon Pnvate Average. Individual characten may rollstso Dl0 andscoresn 6 nnd a i. Thcseare reducedb{ rhestrike
be belter or wors€ than thi! to give sone variety and realism. The p o s c r o l r h e J m m u n i l . o rnS l R r l u : . , n J- | r e \ F ! l i \ < h . l h e l
forces involved are not specialforces dd are not supermen. mcanslhe Grunt is$oundedirndthe- I isnot ciTectile.The crunt is
tercfore lhroNn lo lhe groundrnd is inadi\e nexl lurn.
Dice: Unless sDelified the dice used are numbered I to 10. woundedfigureslosel5'/d 'novcratcrnd dcducl: from rlldierolls
and rre inactile for one turn rfter bcinghit.
 25

I &aa&c
zoN6

'Oo
*

Q ria"'*
roo /
oo o- ,r-
oo O bader
dayrde nrire
I & 2 are lhe flank e.unry - ot oft groups {

C.ipplcdfigurcslosc90'/" mo\c ratc unaidcd.The\ irc inactilefor 1.2 s c tl o $

t\r'otums after bcinghit. Thc! dcduci5 from all dic rolls. 3.1 sct conccth
Erch figureis-sncn r 'To Mo\ e underFirc frcror.Thisisa numeric 5.6 set high
\ lue lrom t ro 9 and represenrs rhe e\renr ro \hich thc figurc is
cirpablerhroughmorirlernd rrainingro mo!e Nhenrhrexrened. The S T R( l 2 x D 6 h n s
higherihe Ilgurcrhebettcr.Anr figure$ho hls to cr()ss an arex$vcpt Shon 60 degreearc .1 deep
b! lire orNh'ch is underf'reandisordercdro movenusr rollequalor Long conrinuationto S deep STR -l lxD6 hits
lessthan thjs nunrberlo do so. Those$ho passrhe tesrma! move. Claymore(set high) STR -l 2xD6 hns
ThoscNho tail do nol. Shon 60 degreearc 6 dccp
Motilation.rhereibfe.i5impodrnt.The squador teamleaderdices STR l3lxD6hirs Long continuationto 12 deep
1i6t.Ifhe succeeds theothersmr! rdd I to lheir TMF!.rlue. ifhe fnils prone.
Theserhighnineonl!nttecrs erecrfigures
arlongrange.
Those
thenthe othersdeductI tiom their TNIF. Dicirg for TMF is donein
kneelingorcrouchins tisure!irrenorhir.ErectVCdice(D6):.1+hir.
strictrank or appoi'Inrentorder. Olher ircroK can be addedif fell
Thisis rc refledrheirsmallsiurure.
Figuresprdectedb\ coveriion clx\moresand carnisreronl!
Sp€ri.l Ruls
reduce theSTRvalueasfolloNs:
The US pla\er mar chooscto tnkc his SquadM-60 machinegun in
Lighl co\€r
plnceof one Nt16. The fisurc $ho caries rhis hrs his mole nre
reducedb\ L{- asdo rhe figurescrrrring hisrddrtionalammunilion.
foniiicationsklitchcsrtrcnchcs
The US pla"_erma! opt ro txke flak jrckels. shich incrcascthe
runrbersto $ound erc bv l- bur alsoreducernolernentb! ,r".
Visibilig:
The Viet Congpla!eisreinforcements !rri!e D6+3 molcsnfrerthe
Maximumtisibilit! is -16'onrhe fl:rr: Dll)adjusled b! factors.
amburhir sprung.Ome rheanitrl time is rerchedrhenI D6 is roued
Smallgroup (l{} \I€diumgroup(5-9) Largegroup{10+)
I squNdof.l urmed$irh .lxAK-.17 16 9+ i6" E+ 36 7+
2 squadof I .nned $irb lxB-l{). lxAK-.17- I xsl\,lc 21"7+ 21"6+ ]{i+
3 s q u r d o f 6 a r m c ds i t h l x B - - 1 0 .l x R P D . l x A K - 1 7 . 12"5+ t2"l+ l2'3+
:xSKS 6' l+ 6'l+ 60+
{ s q u a do f I i r r m e d$ i r h l x R P K . l x s l v l c . 2 x A K - . } 7
to identif!lhc snrc mustbc cxctcdcdb\ L
5 s q u a do f i i r r m e d$ i r h l i A K - 1 7 I x S N I G
6a PlaloonCommandGroup of.l nrmed$ith +xAK.17
6 b S q u a do t 5 r r m e d \ i l h l x B . l 0 . l x R P D . l x S l U G .
Targetmoling oler l" +l
lxAK-J7
Targetmoling o\€r 6' +2
Oncelhc PlatoonConmandGroup(6. ) hrs appeafed then6brakes Targetin colcr -2
oler tor all fururerolls ot 6. Ole^vatching +l
EachparN qirh ! B-10hls one roundloudedlnd 3 norc \ith the Firigued 2
firer.Oneofthe SMGor SKSarmedllguresin rhepaft\ hasrnolherS
Starlightscope.Thn can be litlcd to an V-16 or usedseprrulelt.It
Thc pointol entrt islhc sameibr rll of lh. r.irtbrcenenrs.It isdiced -snesno bencfitolhcr thanallosinsthe tulldaylighrrangeto be used
for on a D6 for the lirsr rcinforcin-ssquxd: \ehenfitlcd. It hasa rungcof72" and gilesan additional+.1.i.e. just
l-l rrackA shonofdrfUght. Ir ispassneandcannotbedetected.It c.n. howe\€r.
1.1 rack B derecrinlra red and other lighl sourceseasily.lt can bc blindcdbv
5.6 lrNckC intenselight. e.g. car headlighls.
As rhe PlarconCornmrnd Group cnrca the table it. and anv
\ u \ . e q u e nrrc . n r o r c e m L nTr . r. t J 1 r ( r \ I 1 r Oversalching:Ao\ stationaNfigurema! orcnvatchan area.This is
.l "l fF e'r.hl,.hed
Nrilten as his order. Tle areaovcNatchedis designated rnd then
enrr! point.Onccthisnc$ ent^ poinris selected lhe tblloN'rgforces
measured. It is the longesrmeasurementofthc zoncthdtjs impon.nt.
A figurecan\atch hisTMF numberot inchesfor hisTMF numbcrof
Ch) nrorcstlkc.l tuns to selphs thedisrance movedto la! up to.l"
rums.halfhisTMF numberofinches for tNicchisTMF oftums.lrvicc
ot firing$irc. As cachis sct thc orsaniscror umpirerolh a D6:
hisTMFinchesforbilfhisTIUFtums andsoon.Al lhe endotlhisheis
26

TheCOI/I\rOISSEUR
Range
Figuresby PETERGILDER
Thelatestreleasesin the Prussian
ranqefinishoff thefirststaqeofthe armvreleases andalsobrino
in someof our secondstagefiguresnot in the presentcata169ue. In the nextor secondstagew;
shallbe increasingall our presentrangesand hopefullybringingin a coupleof new ones.In the
immediatefuturewe havethe Landsknects to fit into the'ltalianWars',more Indiansettlersand
equipmentfor the PonyWars.The SudanandACWmoveon to greaterheightsandof course,the
Napoleonicrange,as a whole,will be expanded. The new cataloguegivingall the new figures
shouldbe availableshonly,as soon as it is, we will advertisethe fact in this magazine.
G17 Prussian1zlbr€1.75
P12 FootA.tillery,with rammer G18 PrussidnHowilzerf1.75 POSTAGE - 10%
& PACKING
P13 FootA.tillery,with round G31 Prussian6lbr f1.75
P14 FootAnillery,with poftfire UK BFPO:Min P&P300
P15 FoorA.tilleN. standino Pel6 Blucherfl.25 O.deE over f15 post free
P1O Landwehrfiirno Pe17 Gneisenaufl.25
P17 Landwehrmsdhino Pe18 Yorcke1.25 OVERSEAS
P18 Musksteermarchini Surface30% min e1.00
Ai.mail60% min f2.00

For the benefn ot our custome6 in No.th Amedca:

CONNOISSEUR FIGURESUSA. 2625 FORESTGLENTRAIL,
RMEflWOODS,ILL. 60015 USA.
can now seNice you. .equi.ements.

Connoisseur
Figu.res
20a CoastalRoad,Buiniston,
Scarborough,N. Yo*s, YO13oHR
T.lt 107231870741

fatigued.Thisonly appliesto hisobsewation assoonastheambushis

sprung adrenalinepunps through lhe slstem and he becomesalen.
A fariguedobseNersuddenlydis..ovcnn8 a force.enenyor ffcndly.
within l8" hasto tesl againsthh TMF not to fire.
REVOFiguresandFlags
25mmNo.28 MedievalSlandards, Scotsand French
25mmNo.29 Landsknechl Banne|s
Carrying fallen comndes is done by one or tNo fisures to each '15mmNo.32 BrilishGuards1801-15
caiualty. If one caries. reduce movementby 2". If two carry. reduce 20mmNo. 1 SpanishCivilWar flags(bolhsides)
movementby 1".In allcasesthe cturyingfiguresdeducr 2 hom finng Thissheetis the samesizeand priceas 25mmsheets.
rolls whilst carrying.
To summonthe MedevacHelicoptertheradiooperarornuslspend
WAIEFSUDETFAI{SFERS
atmcommunicatingtoCoyHQ whowillthenpassthenessagcto rhe H€raldicsymbols.41xg sh€€tsfll€d lNih davicasin vaids sizes
AviationHQ to action.The heUcopter will anive in companylvith d suitablelo. manyapplicalionsin diff€r€nls6l€s.
FireflyNighl Fire T€am. Ttriswill effectilelyend the eame.So the S€ii€€A Uons.eaolesEndot16lb€aslg
Umpne shouldonly pemit its a(ival Fhen he desnesandonlv afie. A1 Rsd,A2 Blit, 43 Y€llow,A4 whir., A5Blu€,A6 G@n
S€ri€sB Cr6$€s,tEloils,fldrd6lys €lc.
muchdie rolling. 81 R€d,82 Bhck 83 Y€llow,Br whire.BoBlu€,86 G€€n
Thes€ar€ only an outlineof rhe rulesusedin rhk came.Theywill S€rbsC Emine,vair,ch€quyetc.
needto be {lesh€dour by your lavounte rules. The organiser/umpire c1 R€d,c2 Bla.k,c3 Yellow,c4 Wil6, c5 Blu€,c5 Gl6€n
mustex€rcise bisjudgementasto whatisdoneandwhen.Thetimingof S€d€sO4€3. hols€sho€s.sh6lls.
Dl F€d.D2Eack D3Y€llow,Oi W e. D5Bru€. troGls€n
the a val of lhe fint groupof Viet Congisof cridcalimponance.Ir is Ptu6as p€l 2FrnmFlagSh€€ts
fromthisthatthegamereallybegins. Thc USAmy platershouldhave 2smmFlagsh€€l!.. ..... .. ....80p 15mmFlagshesl!... 45p
mappedoutall hisdisposilions on a mapandplaccdthemon $e rable Translsrsh€€ts...............................................................80p
so that he knows exactly where eleryone is. The or-qaniser/unpire + 15%p&pov6l C6.00pdrt lre€ (UKoily)
musl have this informationas wcll. PerhaF the US ArmI player
deployed his trmp6 a5 pan of an _enemylcs game a day or lwo
WHITTLESEYMINIATURES
If il is lo be playedasa two playergamelhen the organker/unp;e P.O.BOX46.WHITTLESEY,
shouldtakeon the role of the US Any playerand only dicefor his NR.PETERBOROUGH,CAMBS.
€laymoresettingswhenth€y are fired. aac.sspirft$a!€€mayb6 mde I'y t'Gt or tryl€l€plFn€on07332l)5131
This actionis basedon. but is nol identicalto. one describedin: S.nd .ra. or l.r.c.ior lld. or qD lor s!|npb nguE .nd n.g plu. ll.t .
Cash.J.A. Albnght,J. & Sandstrum. A.w. ( 1985)Seve,tretg,hrs/t
vierram: Vi€inam Studies:Office of the Chief of Mililarv Hislorv US
Amy; WashingtonDC. U.S.DISTRIBUTOR:
All of thefiguresrequiredcanbcobtainedfromtheEsciboxes. One Walqames
- Inc., P.O.Box 278,Roule40 East
box ofUS 6guresis ampleand onc. at moslrwo. ofViehancF will
provideall the requiredpeBonnel.Platoon20 havea truly massive
Tliadelphia, WV 26059,U.S.A.
rangeof ngur€sideallysuiredto thisscenano. Ahhoushhclicoptersare
mentionedlheir useactuallyendsthe gameandsolh€rcis no need1(r
 27

THEBATTLE
OF BALL'S BLUFF
October2l st l86l
by Arthur Harman
Introduction disenbarked on the opposite bank. His scouts discovered a path
This miror engagement in Vnginia during the openingmonthsof which led downriv€r and up onto Ball's Bluff, wherc his force took
the Americe Civil War, involvinglessthantwo thousandmenon up position in an open field sunounded by woods and halted until
either side,Inay appearan insignificantskirmishwhencompared daybreak, when it wasjoined by a conpany (c. rm men) of the 20th
with hugebatdessucha! Shiloh,Chancellorsville andGettysburg:Massachusetts, led by Colonel Williatrl R. l,ee, which was to
yet it is eminentlysuitablefor recreationon the tabletoppr€cisely
protect Devens' retum.
becauseof the smallforces,andoffersan id€alintroductionto the At daM Devens made a reconnaissancetowards Leesburg, and
periodfor wargamersbeginningto assenbleUnion andConJedei- discovered that there was no rebel encampment; leaving his
ate armies.Terrain playsa greaterpart in this encounterthan in detachment in the woods, h€ proceededwith &ptain Philbrick and
manywargames,andthereis alsoth€tacticalproblemposedby the the scouts to observe Leesbwg and lhe surrounding country, but
nec€ssityto ferry reinJorcements acrossthe PotomacRiver. The saw only a few eneny tents, and therefore decided to remain at
natureof th€fightingalows Ball\ Bluff to bestagedasatraditioDal Ball's Bluff, sending Quanermaster Howe io rcport to General
face to face, or as a multi-player, game, and grvesthe gane Stone at Edweds Ferry, four niles downriver. Ho$,e retumed by I
organiserthe opportunityto experinentwith a varietyof wargane am with orders that Devens !r,asto remain where he was. and would
mechanisms and rules. be reinforced by Lieutenant-Colonel Ward with the remainder of
th€ reginent, which would occupy Smart's Mill.
StrrtegicBackground Meanwhile.D€vens'DicketshadencounteredsomeConfederate
In th€ autunn of 1861,folowing the d€badeat Bull Run, General scouts, and desultory skirmishing contiDued throughout the
GeorgeB. Mdlelan's Amy of the Potonac had advancedinto morning; Howe was odercd to retum to Stone to report the
vnginia: the General himself was at Dranesvill€wilh Mcca 's skirnish, and on rejoining Devens inforned hin that Colonel
dirision,whilslGeneralCharlesP. Stones division,comprising Baker would anive shortly with his bdgade and assune comnand
GormaD'!,lnnder's andBaker'sbrigades,observedthe fordsand at the Bluff- Between 9 and 11 an Lieutenant-Colonel Ward
feries acrossthe Potomacin ftont of Poolesville,thi y milesno h arived with the remainder of the 15th Massachusetts,bringing its
of Washington-On 20th OctoberMcclelan telegraphedinstruc- stretrgth to 653 officen and rnen. At about midday DevenJ scouts
tionsto Gen€ralStoneto keepagoodlookouton Le€sburgto seeif reponed that an enemy force was gathering on his left, and half an
Mccall's operationsshouldhave the etrectof driving the en€my hour later the reb€ls conceatedin the woods attacked his ftont and
away,adding,'perhapsa slightdenonstrationon your part would flank. Although the 15th held its gound and retumed the eneny's
havethe effect to move them." tue, no reinforcenenls had arrived and the rebels were naking
vigorous attempts to tum its flank: Devens therefore directed the
STRATEGICSITUATION PRIOR TO 2lst Octobe.IE6I rcgiment to retire about sixty pacesinto an open spacein the wood
to prepare to receive any aftack, and called in his skirmishers.
when this had been done he retumed to the Bluff at about 2. 15pm
to find Colonel Baker had arrived.

C€trsal S.on€'s O.de6

':\\iB,r.' -.---_\
;iljii F."r.",||c
/ ,.i
The Occupsrio. of B8ll's Blufi
Colon€l Charles Devens, offic€r conmanding the 15th Mas-
sachus€ttsR€ginent, had crossed fron Harrison's Island to the
Virginia shore with five companies(c.300 men) at nidnight on 2fth
October, ordered by General Stone to attack a rebel camp that wa!
reponed to lie about a mile from the river. Only lhree boats, able to
carry about thirty m€n altogether, were available to effect rhe
oossing, so that it was nearly 4 u by the time Devens' troop were
The General had little reliable information as to the enemy's
strength or inieniions but, after recliving Quanenaiter Howe's
reDons on the situation at Ball's Blutr. ordered Colonel Baker to
puih the enemy as far as L€esburg, reporting frequently so that
Gorman's brigade at Edwards Ferry could manoeuvre againstthen
flank. Baker was given discretionary authority to retire the
detachment from Ba['s Blutr, or to send his brigade over to
reinforc! it: "In caseof heavy firing in front of Harrison's Island,
you wi advance the Califomia reginent of your bngade, or retire
the regiment! under Colonels l-ee and Devens upon the Virginia
side oI the river, ar your discretioD, assumingcommand oo arrival. "
Colonel Baker nnmediately sent for tbJee regimeDt! and a
cavalry squadron fron his brigade, and for C-olonelCogswel and
the rcmainder of his 42nd New York (Tanmany) rcsiment.
Ariving at the crossing at Herisotr's Island, he foud rhe only
means of lransportation to be two flat-boats capable of beaiiDg
between twenty fiv€ and forty men- Anothei flat-boat was found in
the nearby Chesap€ake and Ohio Canal, and Baker spent nore
than an hour in personally supervising the lifting of this vesselfton
the canal to the Potomac a task which, in the words of General
Stone's repo(, "a junior offic€r or sergeant would have done as
well" - before crositrg to the island with as many ne! as the boals
would hold, leaving orders for Colonel C-ogswe to bring over the
anill€ry. Enbarking in two boats on the opposite side of lhe island,
Baker and the tust reinforcements €rossedthe other branch of the
Potomac and ascendedthe Bluff.
In suppon of this movement, and to hold the eneny's attention,
General Sione sent Gorman's brigade across the Potomac at
Edwards Ferry, where the eneny's principal force had been seer.
28
The Confed€rale R€sponse MAP OF BAII'S BLINT, OCTOBER2Is. 186I
Brigadier-General Nathan G. Evans, however, had early disco-

ia
vered both movements, and resolved to contain Gorman's advance
whilst falling upotr Baker's position. He had the advantage of a
shoner line, concealedfrom the enemy by rhe nature of the gound.
He gradually withdrew all his forces, except one regiment, ftom in
front of Gorman'sbrigade,and by 3 pm had concentratedagainst
Bater at Ball's Bluff. ,.*ln rl,i'//
Reintorcenent of BrI's Blutr
Colonel Baker appears to have crossed with his o\*n 71st
PennsylvaniaRegiment (also known as the 1st Califomia). At 2 pm
Colonel MiltoD Cogswell received o:ders to crossthe Potomac, but
on arnving at ihe landing opposite Harrison's Island found total
contusion - "No one seemed to be in charge, nor any one
,'.nv
superintending th€ passage of the troops, and no order was
maintain€din their crossing. " - for Bakerhad neglectedto organise
the boat seryice. Cogswel soon concentrated the eight companies
of his 42nd New York which had been on picket, and crossedto the
islaDd with one company of his regiment and two artillery pieces
from the 6th New York Batt€ry, leaving verbal orders to send the
remainder of the regimenl on assooDaspossible. The situation was
no better on the island: "I found still gieater confusion existing than
at the first landing." Howev€r, Cogswell managed to bring the
a illery acrossto ihe Virginia shore, where the anillerymen had to
drag th€n pieces up an almost precipitous clay bmk, sevenq feet
high, covered with fallen trees and rocks. Another anilery piece
was brought up the Blutr and deployed in the open field on its XIY - UnionForces
summit, but the draft horseswere not brought up the slope. At least
two further companiesof the 42nd anived during the action, and
two ntore dis€bbarked in time to cover the retreat. so that five A: lsth Massachusexs
conpanies of the Tammany Regiment appear to have participated B: MountainHowitzen
in the engagemetrt.The 20.h MassachusettsRegiment, according C: 20thMassachusetts
to Colonel Devens, numbered about 300, but it is unfonunately not D: lst Califomia(71stPennsylvania)
clear from the various accountswhen the extra companies anived E: 6pourder nfle
to reinforce the origiml detachment directed to suppon Devens' F: 3 coys.42ndNew York (TammanyReginent)
reconnaissance (see above); I believe they must have crcssed G: 19thMassachusetts
before Baker, since it is hard to see how they can have done so
during the sc€nesof contusioo delcnbed by Colonel Cogswell after & 3-4cols. Ball'sVa Cav(dismted)
1: Coy.K 17thMississippi
2 pml & 2 coys.18thMississippi
2: Coy.D 13thMississippi
3: 8th Virginia
4: lTth Mississippi
The map of the engagement accompanying this articl€ shows th€ 5: tSthMississippi
final deplolneDt of the Union forces on the Blutr. Colonel Devens
states that at 2-15 pm Baker "directed me to foIm my regiment at
the right of the position he proposed to occupy, which was done by our left, and that we must occupy those hills. No attention was
eight conpanies, the c€nter and left being composed of a apparently paid to this advice, and Colonel Baker ordered m€ to
detachment of the 20th Massachusetts,numbering abour 300 men, take chdge ofthe artillery, but without any definite instructions as
unde. command of Colonel lEe. A battalion of the Califomie
Reginent, numbering about 600 m€n, Lieut€nant-Colonel Wistar
conmanding;2howitzers,commandedby LieutenantFrench,and Th€ Confederat€ Ihployn€nt
a 6-pounder, comnanded by Lieutenet Branhall, were planted in Brigadier-General Evans' dispositions nay be seen on the map.
front, supponed by Conpany D, Captain Studley, dd Conpey F, The r€ader will seethat Cogswell'sappieciation of the situation was
Captain Sloan, of the 15th Massachus€tts-" C-ogswellreported that correcr, for the Confedemtes concentrated against the Union left,
"along this line (the edge of the Bluff) was the 1st Califomia
firing from the cover of the woods and the commanding high
Reginent, whne the 15th MassachusettsRegiinent was formed in $ound acrossthe ravine. The U or troops were exposed to this
line in the open woods, foming the nght-haDd boundary of lhe tue on the open ground, within easyrange of the €n€ny\ muskets;
field. its line being neafly peryerdicular to lhar of the Califomia the artilery, in panicnlar, sutrer€d heavily: "The rifled cannon was
Reginent. Two mountain howirzers, under Lieutenant French, of on the left in the open Found, in frcnt of a pan of Baker's
the United Statesanillery, were posted in fron. oI the angle fomed rcgimert, exposed to a hot fte. It was not discharged more than
by thesetwo regim€nts. A deep ravine, havitrg its bouih on the left eight times. The gunnen $,€re shot down in the first of the
of the point wh€re we landed, extended along the left of the op€n engagenent, and I saw Colonel Le€ carry a charge to the gun with
field and wound around in front of it, forming nearly a semicncb, his o\rn hands." (Captain William F. Bartlett, 20th Mass.); "At the
bounded by wooded hills commanding the whole open space.Sone first fire from my regiment nearly every man at the €rcmyt cnnnon
conpanies of the 20th MassachusettsRegiment were posted in was shot doM, and so inc€ssanted galling was the fire we kept up
resene behind the lilte of the Califomia Regiment. "Colonel Bater that there were only three dis€hargesof cannon after the first fire
welcomed me on the field, seened in good spints, and very fion the 8th." (Colonel Eppa Hunton, 8th Va.). The Confederate
conndent of a successtulday. He requested ne to look at his line of forces began to concentrate about midday, but their deployment
battle, and with him I passedatong the whole ftont. He asked ny wasnot complereduntil shonly b€fore 3 pm, when their skimishen
opinioo of his disposition of troops, and I told him frankly that I occupied the hills overlooking the ravine.
deehed them very defective, as the wooded hills beyond the ravine
commandedthe whole so perfectly, that should rhey be occupiedby THE OPPOSING FORCES AT BALL'S BL{JIF
the enemy he would b€ destroyed, and I advised an immediate Urton Forc€s: Colonel Edward D. Baker
advanceofthe whol€ force to occupy the hills, which were not then 15th Mass., Colonel CharlesDevens(653);20th Mass., Colonel
oc€upiedby the enemy. I told him that the whole action must be on William R. Ire (300); a2'd NY (Tdnay Regt. ), C-olorel Milton
Cogswell(c.300);71st Pa. (lst Califomia), Lieutenant-Colonel
IsaacJ. wistar (600). The 19th Mass. was still on Harrison's tsland
at the close of the acrioD, as were at least 3 companiei of the 42nd
NY.
Artillery: Bauery B, lst RI (nfled 6-pounder), Lieutenant Walter
M. Bramhall; Battery I, lst US Any. (2 inou:rtainhowitzers),
LieutenantFrank S. French.
Total: approximately 1900 offic€rs and nen.
Conrede.ate lo.c6: Brisadier-General Nathan G. Evaos
uth Miss., C-olonelW.S. Fealherston;18th Miss., Colonel E.R.
Bun; 8th Va., ColonelEppa Huntont C-oyD 13thMiss., Captain
L.D. Fl€tch€r;3-4CoysBall'sVa. Cavalry(dismounted),Colorcl
Walter H. Jenifer.
Total: approxi:nately 1800officers and men.
TWO ACCOUNTS OF TIIE BATTLf,
It will probablycone asno surpriseto the readerthat Baker\ force,
deployed as it was in the open, under fire from comnanding hils
and the coverofwoods and with its backto a precipitousdescent,
suffered defeat. The story of the engagementmay best be told by
two of the leading panicipants, Colonels Cogswell and Devens.
The former\ account of the battle, quoted above in respecl of
Baker'sfaullv disDositions. continues:
"Abour tw;ntv;inutes afterwards the hills on the left front to
which I had carca attention were occupied by the enemy's
skirnishers, who immediately opened a sharp lire on our left- I
imm€diatelydirectedthe anillery to openfre on thoseskimisheF,
but soon pe.ceived that lhe fire was ineffectual, as the enemy was
under cover of the trees, shooting down th€ anillerists at easy
musket rege. Soon Lieutenant Bramhall and nearly all the
anillerymen had be€n shot down, and the pieceswere work€d for a
time by C-olonelBaker in person . . . a few other officers,and
nyself.
"Leaving the pieces, asI saw th€ whole strength of the enemy was
being thrown on the left, I proceeded to the extreme left, where I
found Lieutenant-Colonelwistar had been badly wounded,and
that the left wing, without a comnander, was becomingdisorga-
nized. I then ordered CaDtain Markoe. of the 1st Califomia
Reginent, to nove his company to the left, and hold the hill at all
hazards.CaptainMekoe noved asdirected,engagedthe enemy's
skirmishers, and h€ld his gound for some time, but could gain no
advatage over the enemy. About half an hour afterward Colonel
Baker camefron the right of the lin€ and passedin ftont of the lin€
of skimishers, when he was iostantly killed by th€ fire of th€
en€rny's sharp'shooters.
"By this time the hills on the left fionl were tully occupied by the
en€my.Two companiesof my reginent, under Captain Alden,
arrived on the field, ch€enng most headily, and with this fresh force
we pushed the enemy some fifty yards back, but they had now
obtained too strong poss€ssionof the hills to be dislodged. An
unequal contestwas maintainedfor aboul half an hour. when
Captain Harvey, assistant adjutant-general, reponed to me that
Colonel Baker having been killed, I was h comnand of the field,
andthat a councilofwar wasbeingheldby the remainingcolonels.I
repaired to the point occupied by Colonels l-ee and Devens, and
found that theyhad decidedon naking a r€treal.I informedthemI
was in command of the field; that a retreat across the river was
irnpossible, and the only novement lo be made was to cut our way
through to Edwards Ferry, and that a column of attack must be at
once formed for that purpose. At the sam€time I directed Captain
Harvey . . . to fom the whole force into colum. of attack, fa@d to
th€ left.
"Having given theseordefs, I proceededto the front, and finding
our lines pressedseverely, I order€d an advanceof the whole force
rn the nght of the enemy'sline. I wasfollowedby the remnantsof
my two companiesand a ponion of th€ california regiment, but, for
som€reasonsunknoM io me, wasnot joined by eitherthe 15thor
20th Massachusettsregiments. We were overpowered md forced
back to our original position, and again driven from that position to
the river bank by overwhelrning numbers. On the river bank I
found the whole force in a state of great disorder. As I anived, two
conpanies of my own regiment, under Captains Geret and
O'Meara, land€d from the large boat. I ordered these fresh
conpanies up the bluff, and they instantly ascendedand deployed
asskirmish€rsto coverthe passage to the island,whil€ I took about
a dozen men and moved to the left to check a heary Iire oI the
enenv which had oDenedon us from the mouth of the ravine near-
we w;re almost im;ediately sunounded and captured. This took
placeshortly after dark."
Colonel Devens began the action on the right of the U on
position, but soon becan€ aware that the engagement would be
decidedon the left:
"The actioncommen€edat abou.3 pm, and at about4 pn I was
ordered to detach two companies from the left of trly r€giment to
th€ support of the left of ihe line, and to draw in, proponionately,
the right flank, which was done, Conpanies G and H, Captains
Forehand and Philbrick, being detached for that purpose. By this
tide it had becomepaiotullyevident,by the volumeand rapidityof
the enemy's fire and the persistency of his attacks, that he was in
nuch larger force than we. The two howitzers were silent and the
GDound€ralso.Their commanderscamefrom the field wounded
rsoon after. I $as caled ftom {he righr of my regjmenl.there
being at this tine a crmparative cessationof the enemy'sfire, to the
center oI the line. and leamed for the first time that Colonel Baker
had been killed and thal Lieutenant-Colonel Ward, of the 15th
Massachusetts,had b€en carried fron the fi€ld severely wouDded.
Crlonel I.ee supposing it his duty to take comndd, I reponed
myself ready to execute his orders. He expressedhis opinion lhat
the oDly thing to be done was to retrcat to the river, and that the
battle was utterly lost. It soon appeared that C-olonelCogswell was
entitled to the command. who exDressedhis determinatiotr to make
the attempt to cut our way to Ed;ards Ferry, and ordered ne, asa
Dreliminarvmov€menr.lo fom the l5th Resimenrin line towards
ihe lefl. Tfie l5rh eegimenraccordinglym-ovedacrossftom ft€
right to the left of the onginal line. Two or thiee cornpaniesof lhe
Tammany R€giment, just then arrived, Iomed also on his left.
W}lile endeavouring to make the necessarydispositions to retreat,
confusion was creat€d by the appeararce of an officer of the
enemy's force in front of the Tanmany Regiment, who called on
them to charge on the enemy, who were now in strong force along
th€ wood fomerly occrpied by the 15th Massachusettsduring the
former pan of the action. The detachment of the Tammany
Reginent, probably nistaking this for an order from their osn
offrcers, rushed forward to the charge, and the 15th Massachusens,
suDDosinsthat anord€rhadbeensilen for th€ advane ofthe whole
liri.', rushedwirh eagerne\s.buiwas promprl' recatledby their
offic€rs. who had received no such order. The detachment of the
Tammany Regiment was receiv€d with a shower of bull€ts, and
suffered severely. ln the disturbance caused by then repulse tbe
line was broken, but was prornptly reformed.
"After this, however, although several volleys were given and
retumed md the troops fought vigorously, it seemedinpossible to
presere the order necessaryfor a conbined military movedent,
and colon€l Cosswell relu;antly gave the order to;etreat to the
river bank. The troops descendedthe bluff, and reached the bank
of the iiver, wh€re there is a narrow plateau between the river dd
the ascentof the bluff, both the plateau and the bluff being heavily
wooded. As I descended upotr tis plateau, in company with
Colonel Cogswell, I saw the large boat, upon which we dependedas
the means of crossing the river, sivanped by the number of m€n
who rushed upon it.
"For the purpose of retarding asnuch aspossiblethe approachof
the enemy. by direction of Colonel C-ogswellI ordered the 15th
Regiment to deploy asskirmishers over the baDkof th€ river, which
order w6 executed, and several volleys were given and retumed
between them and othen of our forces and ahe enemy, who were
now pressing upon us in great numbers and forcing down turious
vo eys on this plateau and into the river to prevent any escape.It
wasimDossible lonserto continueto resist. . . I had no hesitation
in adviiing men to escapeat they could, ordering them in all casesto
throw their arms into the river mther than give them up to the
enem'. This order was generallyobeyed.althoughseveralof lhe
men swamthe river *rlh lhe'r murketson their back5.and otbers
have ietum€d to camp, bringing with th€m their muskets, who had
remained on the Virginia shor€ for two nights rather tban to pa.
with their weaponsin order to facilitate then escape.Having passed
up aloDg the line of that portion of the river occupied by ny
resinent,I retumedto the lower e ofit, andat dark mysefswam "
th; nver by the aid of three of the soldiers of my regirnent
3t)

Crl|I,lties SUGGESTED
WARGAMELAYOUT FOR BALL'S BLT]IT
The Union forceslost49 k ed,158wounded,and 714capluredor
missing, a total of 921i the C-onfederates33 kiled, 115 wounded,
and 1 mising, total 149.

Sugg€stionsfor Wargsming ah€Bsttle

The diagram acconpanying this article showsa possiblelayout for a
wargame of Ball's Blutr: th€ easiest method of constructing the
tenaiD will be to spread a thick cloth over piles of book and scaap
materials laid out to cr€at€ the contours, and then lay strips of ;l
broM and blue €loth to represent the tracks and caeekrespectively.
The Potonac River need not be depicted, but alsumed to run along
the edge of the table. Plenty of model trees, lichen and cork back
should be spread over the battlefeld to create the broken, wooded /
country. A couple of c&dboard boats nay be mllstructed from
which the Union forces may disembark, or piecesof card sinply cut
to a boat-shap€dbas€on which troops crossingthe dver nay stand.
Such a sma sction is ideally suited lo 15 or 25mm figures, and a
lower ratio of real nen per wargamefigure employed than is usually
the cas€.Any set ofACW rules will give a satisJactorygame, but the
organiser may care to adapt the Bngade-trvel wargame described
in Paddy Griffith's Napo/eonic Wargamingfor Fw to rc.rcate the
individual crEpeies of the regiments involvedi the close range of
the fighting, and lhe nature of the teraiD, mean that it will be
unnecessaryto worry about the geater theoretic range of 1860's
rifle-muskets, although some allowance nay have to be xnadeif th€
shooting dowd of the anillery caewsis to be recreated, and, indeed,
Paddy Griffith has suggested rhat the efiective rang€ of ACW
rifle-nuskets was nor stnificandy greater than that of Napoleonic
flinnocks in Ra y Once Again, so otre caD cne authority for such
KEY

The game organiser must d€cide whether to begin the gamewith
both sides tully deployed, as sho\m on lhe rnap of the historical
engagement, or to sta( with Devens' detachnent iD the position
depicted on th€ diagram of the wargane tenain, and bring on
Confederate units and Union reinforc€ments at the various enrry
points shows- In the latter casethe gane xnaybe assumedro begin
at about midday; the remainder of th€ 20th Massachusettsshould
anive between 12 and 1 pm, Baler, dd the lst California by 2 pn,
one company of the 42nd New York and the two howitzers between
2 and 3 pn, two companiesof the 42nd aft€r 4 pm ard a tunher rwo
companieswhen the Union forces fall back to the river bank, or at
about 5 pn. All these times should be adjusted to suir the
development of the action. The first Conf€derate forc€s should
enter the table hom the left,hand side, as if fton l-eesbury, whilst
the remainder appear from the bottom of the table, havitrg marched
up-river fron Edwards Ferry: the rebel forces should have
concentrated by 3 pm.
ln a two-player game, the player conmanding the Union forces
ftst takes lhe role of Colonel Devens. until he assumesthat of
Baker, who reached the Bluff at about 2 pm. A more interesiing
wargame may be stagedif suJficientplayeN are available to portray
all the Union regimental conmanders, and are brought to the table
ai thef troops disembark. The gane organiser could devise some
task which playerc have to perform in order to transpon their
troops successtullyacrossthe Potomac: their success- or otherwis€
- could be used to determine the speed with which the men de
feried across. Yet another possibilily would be to Ieave it to the
players not yet on the Bluff to devise a systemfor tresporting the
Eoops themselves, each regimenial commander natua y deman-
ding priority for his own unit, and use the result of the roleplay to
decide the order and time of reinforc€menls aniving.
X sroart'sMill
r---fl-l Iritial Positionof DevenJ 15thMassachuserts
I I t 9 e andskfmrsbers
Entry points for Confederate Forces, numbers
indicat€ order of entry see text for approx times
G Union disembarkation poirt on river bank
Edge of forest; all the lable ro the lefr of this line
, .
t I should be covered with trees to indicate
thick woods and undergro*th
rhe river successtuIy if he is unable to fmd room on one of the
boats. There should be a desperate scramble for plac€s on rbe
boats, which will result in then being swmped, unless the officen
can rally the troopc and restore order - treat the fugitives asrolting
men and usethe ralllng mechanismfrom the monle rules in the set
being employed. Unless at lealt soine troops can be brought under
control so that a disciplined sysrem of ferrying the nen can be
imposed, the boats wil rnake one tnp acrossto Hanison's Island
but will fail to retum to collect mor€ nen fron tne Virsinia shore. It
app€arshom th€ variousconlemporaryaccoutrrsrhaia boal coutd
cross fiom the island in a nininum of ten minutes: the same
organiserwilt. of couBe. adiusrrhi5 6gure. or rando'niseir;d
dice, to refleci the situation during the game.

Movenent in lhe woods could be gamed using Andy Calan's

'Foren Figbt sysrem.
frIst describedin Nugger rhe ,oumal of
Waigarle DevelopmeDts. bul alsoin myarricle Rerolr io rheW€sr'
la WarqamesILlustaEd Number 9. Skirmishing night be gaDed
using appropriate s€ctions of the Old West Skimish Rnles or
Flintlock & Ramrod as a preliminary to the main game between
forned bodies of troops.
Regimental comnanders might be awarded points for each nan
who retums safely aooss th€ Potomac, with a bonus if he retains his
nusket, if the Union forces are defeated. A die rolt, nodifed by
vanous factors, could decide whether each survMng figure swins
The contemporary accounts quoted in this anicle app€ared
oigimlly in the Century Magazine. but were r€printed tu Ba,.res
ald Iaade6 of the Civil Wt, edired by Robert Underwood
Johnson and Clarenc! Clough Buel, New York, 1887, u er lhe
h€ading 'Ball's Blutr and the Arrest of ceneral Stone".
NEXTMONTH
ARTHURIS IN
THECRIIVIEA
 31

TERRAIN
VARIABLE EFFECTS
Partll by Charlie Tarboxof Empire Games
ln the last installment of ow discussionof terain and ils inpacl on appreciableboostto artilery would occurbut almo6tcertainlyall rock
niniature wadare we discussedihat with anv s€t of rules it would be would haveb€en clearedFoIn the field before the treeswere put m.)
possibleto nodify the tenain eff€ctsof any lpe of terrain to accomt Th€ effect on movemeni is sutKtantial for Cavalry ed c€rtainly aI
for the vast differenc€sfoud worldwide in terrain. This involved the close formatios would fal into disorder quickly on entering. Only
use of a mdker (terain cnver€d Poker or other chip wirn d ID un-formedunits wodd easilyrnovewithin the orchad, unlesson a path
Nlmb€r on lhe undenide) and a card file of card! m&ked to find the or roadwayfound by a separatechip. An ery would not be imped€d
tD numbersand tel the player what out of the ordinary terain €ffe.t bv mov€m€ntthmush the orch&d. Variation in this would @me fton
he has found. tlie ageofthe orchard youngeris lesscover.Furtiervariationwould
There remainsto discusswhat, if anl4hing,the narker night r€veal. comeftom combinationswith other obdtaclessuch3sinigation dilches
Rememberingthat a small goat herd, flock of sheepor ininefield can or wals/hedgerossIining ihe orchard. Examplesof two suchorchmds
a be Iocat€dby the samemarker in the niddle ofsone op€nground- are at Watedoo, where Hougounont and ta Haye Sainte both had
dep€ndingon what the card sa's is there and which could not be orchards- one with a wal, the other with a hedge border.
otherwise located without a€lual close contact by some soldiels.
what are the calesories of t€raln that make a difken@ to the Light Wdds: Light woodswil rangeftom a singlerow of treer lining a
wargarnethen?Wenthe answerGvdied-cenai y accordingto your roadway, thmugh small clpses of woods not fully ot dolvn to clear
period of play. The dti-tanl ditch and minefield siinply do not app€ar fartl and, to reforestationand the brushwoodinvolved therein. Light
in previouspenods.One doesnot needto haveanti'armour eff€ctsof wood! would also include heary brulh if you did not have a category
woods, hedgerows,gound pressure. and the like for 3rd Centuy labeled 6 such, although there are differencesas we shall s€e.
Ronans and Sassanids.The Categoriesihat we will dis(N for the Light woodsdo not disrupt the movem€ntof formationsasmuchas
presenlwill apply to hone and musketperiodsEoops.The featureswe then heavierbrethr€n as,generaly sp€aking,they havehad the bnlsh
should discussare: Hedgerows, Woods, gu i€s, streams, sunken dear€d from them as firewood. They may have eveDhad the lower
roads. rivels, oper gromd - dry, wet, rocky, mvered. ban€n, bnnch€s clearedfor the samereasonby the loc,als.Cavalry therefore
cultivated, ma$hes, buildings, f encing,sand,/beach, and fonifi cations. can enter lieht woods.There nust be somedeductionfor Passingthem
and sometempomrJ disorder, but if the troopGnove dowly enough
I{EDGEROWS they need not be disorderedlong. The faster one movesthrcugh any
The fiIst thirg that one hasto do is to define th€ differencebetweena obsracle.the more disorder occlrs. Their effect is first to restrict tie
hedge and a hedgerow. A hedge is brush only and is not the line of siehtfrom lonSdisrance,muchlike orchdds do. The closeryou
eardErl/stonefence/plashedtree affair that the true bedgerow is. get the moE you tend to look under o. domd the ob6racle.The adual
Somethingwhich linesa field 3m or more yardr awayfrom your closest eff€ct of a line of poplar treeslining a roadwayis to block long rdnge
s.outing unit can either be a miniature fortresso. me.€ly somethick ob6€Nation *rcugh then lo a degree- thus irnpeding anilery fre.
hedge.ffit is but closebrushit afrordsthe @verof line ofsight loss,but Yet ifthe anill€ry wereto move up to the line of poplarsit wot d have
very Iitde coverto voley fte. The etrecisof this typ€ of ob6tacleinight no difficulty s€eingits targer- and convels€lythe tdget would haveno
vary thus on some of you carG: difEcultys€eingthe artillery. Perhapdanlthing over 60to m yardsftom
a line of treeswould not be able to perform well againsta target not
H€dse Lin€ of sight loss, slight norale boo6t, tiny benefit to close lining the trees.
action defense,ninor deduction ftom movement to cross. Thes€litrle inconvenienca are often a vital forn of t€rnin which is
largely ignored. Thes€ etrecls must have varied fron field to field.
viryard: This is v€ry rouch like the hedge. but it rep€at! itself. and is H€dgero*E, asfound in say, Normandy, and disclss€dabove, conlist
practica y itunune to cavalry. The rep€tition of the rows continualy of a railed banl often over six f€et in height topped wilh brush and
addsto the movementpenaltiesof infdtry. However, if taken in the trees. The roots and undergroMh have b€come"structural slpTon"
directionthat the vinesde laid out, light trooF crn nainlain fan order for the eanhen bank. There de howeverplaceswhere the Eeeshave
di€d, where the elementsdd other forceshave done then work and
the over is less€n€d.Il is at th€sepoinis wher€ the attack and defeltse
Hedg€si,ith ttE€srLine of sight ioss, slight norale boost, smal aJms ee the rnostfierc€. In order to ma.kegeneraishipmatter on the table
etrect redu€d, slight benefit to closeaction defense,more deduction VTE wil determine some weaker points which will b€ located on
ftom mov€m€nt to cross.
Lin€s of tre€s generaly ody inpede line of sight, dd then only if
Hedsercw: Line of sighl losi, hefty morale boost, smal arms and you do oot line the row of trees.Actually, if you standat the tree line it
anilery benefils, hefty d€duction from movementto cioss, probably is of mdginat value ascover and do€snot block your line of sight-But
inpassablefor artiltery. Perhap6it is too high for artilery to shoot in get back 50 or 1m yards and it is dother matter. Then you cannot
derending(!) unlessloopholed. easilyaim on your targets- evenif tbe tre€sthehselv€sdo not block
which brings up an additional point. while each of the above muchof yollJ tue. It is alsoofnote that at tlns point, wereyou to charge
featuresshould be sligh y varied to reflect their uniqueness,th€re ee (wifi infantry or say cavalry), you would haveto go at a slow paceto
somespecialeffeclsevento them. For exmple, m exEachip nighi be keep fomation. Defending on the road where you m se out at the
laid oul to reflect a point where the hedgerowwasp$sable !o formed enemyi keep your fomation, dd watch the enemy\ fomation break
troopd or olherwise wealer than itr generalstrenglh. up just ashe hits youl! now mal€s more sense.As the effect of these
trees depends on type, seasonand closenessof planting it too is
WOODS IN GENERAL availableto be a VTE.
Ortbmis: These are ofien foisted off in gamesrule as ordharj light The Morale etrectof a line of treesis probably about nil either way.
woods.Th€y havespecialqualitieswhich we nust consider.FiISt, they However, lieht cover would be a slight norale boose to defendeF -
are laid out in a similar manner to the vinyard bur they are generaly interestinslyenoughskimisheF might €njoy a slighdy higher b€nefit
not connectedtogetherasare the vinessolhat the sightpatternswithin fron such cov€r than the sliddy dnorder€d formed Eoop6, as lhe
"in th€ir element". The basisof son€ morale factorsin
$em are much better. Units 6nng inlo ttem have more vision skirmisheFare
problemsthan thosewilhin laoking out. The Morale boosti! valdy less Holse & Musket era rules involvesthe di:cipline of lhe unit and the
as the troopa crn be seen. The etrect on anillery is mo6dy that one troops' ability to actualy seeone another. The dens€rwood! become
cntrrot be seen. (These trees are not so substdtial or densethat an the more rhis effect occuN. The defender b€coin€sisolatedfion his
fiiends dd takeslittle action in orgdted groupEand indeed tendsto
stayundercoverof the forest-Th€ anackerdoesrhe samesort of rhing,
but asIhe attackeris the one who musrcarry foN"rd the thnst of th€
attack this is far more of a problem. Th€ efiect must be to reducethe
eftu€tivenessof both sidesotref,siveactions.The lons€r one is iD th€
woods the \ronger lhis €trecr is. Dependingon lhe lirne scalein use
there should b€ a de.line in the "ad*ncing power" of a forination
actually engased.
H€aW Woods: Healy woods are generaly those virgiD forests of
which the Nahft books and conservationists dred. Thev are
udistub€d by man gatberingfalen branchesand brush for 6F;ood.
They have deep accunulations of organic material 10 form dens€
undergortn around the faletr il6 of past yeals. They do not have
trails c1ltin them to get pastthe thick lower branchesthar poke fac€s,
catch gea.rand isolate ore fon his mates. h the lorcliness of rhe
deD€r forest morale fals. (Even for the defender.for who wmts to be
the last one fighting if the rest of the unit has withdEu long ago?)
OtEceIscannot b€ eveNhere and the fighting brcals do*n inro tiny
clumps of men who do not wish to rush foryard fiom their relative
$fety nor be left b€hind by th€n lmit.
Onc€ civilization moves into an area mo6t wooded areas are
somethingl€ssthtu ahisvery hea\y cover stare.Exaclly how rh€y are
@mposedshouldDot be visible fton the outsidehowever.Nor should
the local paltb be krowr ro oulsideF who€ amy hasmoved in for
this shon spanof time. When one seesrhe _Bois de Parii on one\
map it do€snot saywhether this is Vnginal, Heary, Medium, or Light
woods. It remainsfor the scoutsand soldiersto reDon this back to the
commandeIs.
CTJLLIES/STREAMS
Here we mustlocatethoseplac€swhere the banksare nor too sleepfor
our t-dnspon 0ocross.The fint obstacle€ncoutered isthe slopeof the
banks.This slopemay support infantry, evenin fomation. (ceneraly
not however). The infantry may even have to jump or pa\s rhen
musketsdown (or up) whne being assisredby th* felows. The exacr
depth at different lo.atioc is generaliy not able to be seenwithour
somethingto judge stzle or by being so clos€ that this is obvious.
Where intunfiy may scaambledou or up. Cavalrymay nor b€ abl€ro
reach even leading their hones. Where the infantry and @valry can
sruviv€ the passageof the obttacle, the artillery and train in all
probability wil not b€ able to pa-xs.(Altho'rgh if engineeNare pres€nt
it may be possibleto quickly cut a lane in the bank suirablefor wheeled
Th; next problen encomtered is rhar of the conpoGition of the
groud foundin the guly/srreambed.ll lhe srreamia$ere rhenthe
depth and force of flow will b€ important for the samerealons as ser
fortn aboverelative to dope. (Cavalry being be$€I able to swim than
the other ams however). A smal blue mdker every so oftetr along a
streambed would serveto assistpiayen finding where it is and is not
possibl€to.aoss, and whether or not they haveto lqve their anillery
behind when they do.
To a le{ser enent, and pe ap6nore so with dry rather thm wer
guli€s, the conposition of the g![y floor irsef wil be relevant. The
nature of the footing, the sizeof the rocksfoud there, if any, wil be of
major impodance. The di(erence betw€enrrying ro ger tighr whe€led
tra$port acrosslargerock or soft sandasopposedto 6m fooring may
b€ the difierencebetweenmaking any headwayat a[ in you advance-
OPEN GROTJND
"What could possiblygo wmng with plain,
openflai tableiopr", I hear
you rnquire. Well. for stanen it may b€ so soft lhat wheel€d, even
tracked, transpon must keep 10 the 6Im parti and be chann€ledo.
stoppedaltogether.The gnss may be so long asto unduly slow and/or
tire the infantry. There nay be ditrerent cmp6therewhich impedeline
of sight, movement or other things.
As we are on line of sight it is w€ll to rememberthat the flatt€r the
tenain becomesthe more one cannot s€e into small hollows or over
snal inienening obstaclesor eventiny ridgesor swalesin the sound.
To ilustrate aI this, shouldit be n€.essffy, put a few toy soldierson
you table behind a slnal obstade. Then slowly lower your point of
view until you are at eye level wifi a 25 (15-2G3Gwhatever)mm
officlr. You shouldnole that nore md more of the eneny de invisible
lmtil they pmbably pals oul of sight altogerher.
For that realoDa marker might showa commanderttiat it wasonly a
herd of sheepor a sunkenroad. It could be a minefi€ld or a cowfieid.
However, that will not be ascenai.eduntil the toy soldierserplore the
area and not when the "2,0m foot tal general" look over the field
from his aerial vanlage point.
HILLSA,IOTINTAINS
Slop€sare identifable more easilythan other thingsfrom a distdc€ as
they rise to deliberat€lyb€comevisible. Thus at a reasonabledisiac€
one may s€e if a hil is a sheer €liff or a more gentte rise. This i!
complical€dby the combination of gullies and streamsbeing cut into
them aswell asforesls,orchards,vineydds dd aI thos€sonsof things
being added.
The composition of lhe land, 6rmn€ss, rocklnes, md angle of
slope,however,drasticaly efrectthe military usesof a hill or mourain.
Generaly speaking th€ hil will have some places which are noie
agreeableto clinb. Thes€ are the fist placesof choice (or the ody
possibilities)availableto formed bodiesof Eoopstrying to fight m any
son of organizedformation. The idea that someof MarshalNey's nen
at Bussacohad to acluallymake a ladder of musketJto get th€ir felo"s
up lheir part of lhe slopedoesnot speakwel of their ability to level a
disiplined volley at the same time. Wellington s hilltop positions
frequently are basedupon 6e idea that the tenain will "€lmel" the
atiacking force through that rcute which aloss the attacker to
maintain fighting Eim while advancing.Thus the Duke would cover
thos€ approacheswith anilery and leave the more dildcdt ones
uncovered.In a typical wargamethe attackermerely advancesup the
hil in a unifom manner and wil be able to bypassthe kilnB zoneof
th€ guns.This; possiblebequse t}le terrain rulesfor hills arethe same
in th€ valley/tail as on the op€n slopes-This is not the c,as€in r€al
warfare,but then rulesgenera y ar€ udfom- Unfonunately, lerrain is
not sooblgingly uniforn and disruptsthe reatsoldierfar more thanthe
toy one. A closer view to r€ality is that the atracker must fight the
tenain alnost as much as the defender- The def€nder should not
chuckletoowarn y at this, ashe rnaywish to moveto reinforc€his line
or @unterattackand then alsofnd hirns€f Niled bv the verv terain
he ha allFd hmleu *lth. We[ingon wa. verl cifetul to ctroo*
positionswith good lateml connunication dd reiniorcementpossibi-
Iitieswhen on the defensiv€.Without lh€ road at or behind the cr€star
Bussacoeventhis monsterof a mouniain top positionwould haveb€en
broken when the Frenchgaineda lodgmentat the top but an o.ganiz€d
and ord€rEdounter altack wasableio reachthe crestquicklv be@us€
of the lat€.al oturunicntions possibl€-
Another facet of hils is the suitability of the slope for arrilery tue.
The bounc€of roudshot depenCson itre stopenbt teing too iteep.
Likewisethe artil€ry itlelf may neeaa prepaeit position;rit to remain
at a steep angle without roling embanassinglydown the hi[. The
conveBeof this is that the attackng adillery may not be ablero elevate
sutEcientlyto hit anlthing without npping rhe banel otr rhe @iage
becauseof th€ recoil forces ftom tuing.
A perfect position for Hors€ & Musket artilery would b€ on a soft
topp€d, low hil which has a roclry slope. The iDcoming tue would
plough h to the soft eanh for les! efrect. but the outgoing fire would
kick up sloneswith goodeff€.t asir p€rfectlyboundeddou lhe gentte
A casualobserer would be able to note the degee of slope, but
would have a difficult time in knowing wh€ther or not tne sbpe was
rocky or the abiliry of &e lop of the hil to absorbih€ punisbmeni.Too
steepa slopeand no tue is poasibleuntil the aftacker is vinualy upon
the defender (for artillery aryray). Thus in 1814 in defending
Montmatre (hen outsidePdis) the Frenchgunnen werc abteto fire at
long range, but were then uable to fire at the advdcing Ruisian
genadiersund $ey werealnosLin wiLhrhe guns.
BUILDINGfiOWNS
A wonderful anicl€ on built up areasappeaEin IssueNumber One of
flre Carssor (the Jounal of rhe British Assn. of Empie Players).
However, it is genenly assued in most miniature rules rhat buitr up
areasvary in the f'rotection which they impan to defendeF.
Christopher Dutry, in his wonderfin kedetick the creat A
,lt iar', Ltb sersout the insubslanrialnahne of so many of rhe 18th
c€nt'ry buildings in Saxony. Based upon his analysisof lhis sorr of
termin feature it will be possiblefor comrnandersto ..scout" the b€st
parts of a loM for defense.That actuallymeansthar with a chip, say
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W A R N I N G :D I X O NM T N I A T U F EC
S O N T A I NL € A D A N D A F E N O T F E C O M M E N D E F
DO F IC H I L D F I E N -

under each bunding or area which is pan of the to\rn (including

outbuildinss dd yard fencing) ihe designerwill set out what sort of
cover is provided and p€rhaF what r6trictions on the defendersthat Xu)o
there are. There might even be ertain portions of the to*r which
night b€come"otr limits" to eilisted men or other soldieF dep€nding
<)R:o'goDS
on the scenario.Crnainly the mnling offic€r might be awayrom the pr2oor/,ctioDs
fighting for d hour if t1lediversion otrered is enticing enough.I leave
the proapectsto the scenariodesigners. . .!
In 6nal passingI note that other variablesfor VTE would b€ things
like La Haye Sainteat Waterloo. Readen trlay r€€al that lhe rnaingate
had been bumed tlle night before for warmth and cooking: This was
FIVENE\/ VIKINGS
6ne at ihe time. but for the batde left the defendersdiscomi(ed! This to odd to our growing
night take the form of what would appear to b€ "hea!y" cover, bui
which upon inspectiontms out to be of a much lighter style cor€r.
Storc wals ofcoune canbe nixed with loss or eaih or of suchrocks
Vorriorsof the DorkAges
asnot to afiord muchcover,or to providenegativedver b aninery yet rlon9e
b€ proot againn smal armsand a\sist itr V€le€. ll you ar€ gainingan vlK ll-A(herfi n9 bowj weodng quil(ed coor.
'Dl@m beneit by using your aninery againsta fo€ you would be o d o m e n b l h r l m E ro n d . l o o k
foolish to inove in an assaultwith smal arms. Unfonunately, batdes YIK l2-Throwing speo,, weodng helmet. clook
are mad€of suchlitde errors a1ldVlE is one way to 6nd out how r€al ond corryingshield.
generalsmake such mistakes. vlK lC-Advon<ing \virh sword ond shieldj weodng
Warfare has often be€n des.ribed as an An. Recendv-lhere have helmer o.d rh6d moil.oor
been rhosewho attemDrrc clNifv ir a a loence. Variable Terrain VIK lrt-Advoncing wlth rwod ond shield: weodng
Etrects (VTE) a-refio; indefinabie and slighdy unprediclablethings
which causethe bert laid scientific plans to go so arfily astray. VIX i5-Ho.king wnh 2 honded oxe' weodng
War is a craft ir which the sidemaking the few€stm;takes generaly qulhed coot ond helmet.
is lhe winner. Variable Tenain Efrects wil put the ability to make
misrakes(literaly to "put otre'sfoot in it") back on your table top. The Send61.75(ts.OO)for po(k of 5 somplesond
An of Wadare lhen wo'rld consistof being able to analyzea situation lull cotologueto'
on imperfectknowledge,to look for that loowledge which is essential
to your plan, to makethe t€st of what you aclualy do know and lasdy tx/o DRAGOXS DRODUCflOIS
to nake pla$ flexible enough to deal with unfortmate situations. 70 Lu.k Lone,Morsh,Huddersfleld,
Ve5t Yorkshke,HDI 4QX.
Ako ovollobleo€ l5mn' 5o6uoL
The CA|ssON, quadedyJournalofthe EritirhAsrociationof Empire 0i6h ilopoleoni( s/ EoilyColonrolr.
PlayelJ,
isdedi(atedto Napoleoni.wargamingand maybe hadJrom
Bradford,BDZzEH,wen
Ri.k Lawrence,30 Acre lane, Eccleshill, 6nr.t ffi: ...!.1 rot |b; ld v.tlhgron! Ldr.n <mpo'r.r
Yorks.f5 p.a.UK; 16 Europe;t9 U.S.A./Aus.&
N.Z.
A Tour of the Convention
BIGGER
T H A NB I G !
THE19BBCENCON/ORIGINS
GAMEFAIR
Milwaukee,Wisconsin,U.S.A.
Au8ust18-21, 1988
Don Featherstone
concludeshis look at
America'sbiggestshow
The prognnne listed, with pictures, the Gane Fair's
ESTEEMED GUESTS OF HONOUR - they were ED GREEN-
WOOD, 28 yearc old 'Dungeon-Master' and writer of numerous
fdt6y books and sames; ANDREIV OFFURT, we -ktroM
American writer of science-fiction and fantasystories, !r,hoclaimed
to have been Guest-of-Honour at 87 similar Conventions:
ROWENE MORRILL of New York, said to be top of her field in
designing coven for science-fiction nag^zines and games; and
nyset, sole overseasrepesentative.

Yet,5 ol expc''ene had told the oryani*E thst '}eft should bc

itorc to Conventiont .han a h,6t ol tEh{r orgaahcd events, hene
hcilitid wen m le avtilable for'open ganiae'when r goupcovn
p oa aheir ol'n gsme. as the lceling took them -

Thc same tw@DcJs of what I',akfs vargt"rer' tick a^d ehat

be[efiE then obvio$,,str5limuta.ed th. oryanl*6' acouragedut

A GAMER'SGOODFRIENDS-CLUBS

Hhilli6iHj'hlJ@!@hddt'i5

d.thdtr'b.Fdod,bl@&@"^N.-@
 There were Dioramas and Painting Conpetitions, with prizes
totalling several hundred do ars in cash, gift-ce.ificates, plaques STRATEGICBOARDGAMES
and ribbons. Entry fee was $1 per item per categoryentered.
Figures had to be small than 40mm.

Any historical u t from any time period.

Any Fantasy non-historical unit.
Any historical figure painted in historical uniform.
Any historical,non-Fantasy,diorama.
Any Fan.asy, non-histodcal, diorama.
Any Monster or non-monsteF figure that is not an
historical military fi gure.
Any science-fictior/Superhero military unit.
Any science-fictioi/Superhero non-military figure.
Any science-fiction/Superhero diorama.
Then, on page73 beganthe 'nitty-gritty' ofthis bulky programme
-under the heading EVENT DESCRIPUONS are closely-pnnted
details in alphabetical order - of the 1,000or so Gaming-Events; Plus119other listedgames.
Semina$, ad Demonstrations that were to stimulate four days of
frenzied activity- The sheer nunber of them precludesreproducing The Game Fair hosted the 1988 WORLD BOARDGAMING
the listings on all 46 pages of this section - Role-Playing Ganes OLYMPICSTEAM CHAMPIONSHIPSa highly organisedatrair
alone tale up 15 pages - so what would seem to be the more as the progamme sbows-
interesting and stimulating items (particuldly to British readers)
have been extracted and are reproduced verbatirn -

EVENTDESGRIPTIONS
I h! awdnhdeb ek6hopr@h y

d4qdc.'3'{Jfu6rdj6'tr'l

@tuGrJGdEla d$.arFu' '

:11:v___:a"j

gdr4u'dlJb4604+@

r!,s!emoaB ie snrc!rMsrcu

Bnh-n6ere k;@ds-Mi& ROLE.PLAYINGGAMES

A notable feature of the 1988 GEN CON/ORIGINS Game Fair
COMPUTERGAMING was the colouiful presence of innumerable people oI both sexes
dressedin wend and wondertul costunes representing all conc€iv-
able nanner ofFantasy, Science-Fiction and Toltien chdacte$ so
that the halls seemed at times to be people with trolls, 016,
spacemenand the like - on one memorable occasionthe writer was
alnost injured when stumbling over a longlailed dragoDasleepon
the floor! Role-play€n were encouraged to wear costumg
appropriate to the role they were playing and could take part in a
Costume C-onlestfor which PI;es were offered. The wearing of
costume was govemed by definile rul€s:
1. No paraphemalia of any military unit in existenceafter January
1900or any replica of such will be permilted, the only exc€ption
being individuals otr adive military duty who could wear their
FAMILY'MASS MARKET GAMES appropnareuo orms.
2. No one could carry or display actual or replica weaponsof any
so(, and these items would be confiscated if brought.
3. No costume could include any element wom or canied which
poseda threat to the heallh or well-b€iDgof the entrantor other
conventioneers. Iiens that could damage other costumes were
Drohibited.
4. Entrants could make a five-minute verbal presentation and a
cassette-player was available for background music or sound-
Plusanother2l listedgames.
5. A written description not exceeding 100 words could be
subnitted and would be read out during the contestants appear-
ancel rh€ managemenlresened rhe righr ro edit rhis de$nplioD.
Th€ programme probably conrainedmore abour Rote-piayine
cames thar any other aspect 16% pagescrammed wirh detaiis oi
432 ganes

For tbe IJth luccessiveyear, the Cooveorion holled T}IE

LEGENDARY ADVANCED DUNGEONS AND DRAGONS
OPEN, claimed to be the oldest, most prestigious Fantasy
Role-Playing Toumament in the wo d. Involving rnore than I ,fiib
playerc competing h teams who worked thrcugh a s€ri€sof cleverly
constructed scenarios,based on 'The Changing Sea!on". Divided
into lst. , semi-final, and final rcunds, advanc€menteas by team,
with a palel of judgess€ledingrh€ besrplayerfiom €achr€amto
form teamsfor suc@dins rounds
-what
And last but not least, everyone has been waiting for -

MINIATUREGAMING At this stageit might well be ask€d what did I do to eam my

keep?Well.I think I repaidthecash'nvolvedio tung meout r;
Thisaspeclof rhe GameFairwassplendidly markedby THE Am€ncaandgivingne an almostluurious hotel ioom by puuing
HISToRICALMI NIATURESCAM ING soclEfi IHMGSIan on a two-hourSeminaror Demonsrranon everymomrrig.afteri
AmencanNatioDalorganisaLion represeoringrbe gamingand ooon and eveningfor four day! and reme;ber rhe-ouLside
mod€lhg enlhusiasrs whoenjoyrecrearhg andcapruring momenr5 temperatuewas105F!
ol txslory,^ dedicated ro improvingtheHobby.providingnore Aid€d by a temperamentalslide-projecrorand an overhead
gaming opportunities for memben, and to promoting and opaqueproledor, nearlya thousandslidesand ilusrrationswer€
educatingth€publicin thejots andvaluesof histo;cal ganingwirh screenedduing the foltowingseminars-
mniatures.Withunmens€ sryleandsuccess.rheHMCSpres;ored
a SHOWCASEOl- HISTORICAL BAT'|LES -From rhe
MiddleAgestoth€Mekong. . .fionthewatenof Trafalgarrothe

I{ISTORICAL MINIATUBES
GAMING SOCIETY SHOWCASE

$#i*:tr# ffiffi#+f$+
Designed to demoDstratethe easyback-of-a-posrcardrules us€d
E oheel shp id!3'rGh.HlcsnolkB
here in Southampton, ny wargaming stints were conducted with
some difficulti€s, as might be expected when on€ reads my hosr\
annoucemenl for the Vicrorian Colonial battle ! The rrouble lav ir
Fought to a gr€at variety of nles, many systemsknown to Bitish that I wasenrir€lydependeDr uponorhersbringingup rhearmiearo
wargameN,thesewere specracularbautessom€ being foughr on be usedin the demonsrrations rhe inevitablefoul-upsrequiring
lables36ft in l€nglhwirh literauythousandsoffigures. They iaoged my hawking around th€ hall for troops, and the final Peninsular
hom Ancieots {some fought ro WRC rutes) rfirough [,i,:die;d. War gane being fought out by marv€llously undentanding and
l6th: lTthl l8rb and lgrh cenluryl ganes with amour, Navai patient Amence wargamers with American Revolutiotr figures
batle\ in aUperiods.and Fantasy.The progamme'seightpagesof from the previous day's battle, asthe nan bnnging the Napoleonics
wargamtrgwth mnatures inctuded205separalegam€s.someee had a car crashthat spilled them all in the road I However, it was tun
and I can say in all sinc€rity that Dever have I encountered better
sponsmen and more amiable warsamels than rhose Af,erican lads
in Mflwaukee rvho fought the four battles.

P.@*.6P@on4'w\$^Nfu.ah|olhd.jlnd.owl3|

Everyone, including thoe who paid out the cash, seemed to

appreciate what we did, and almost the last words in the
programme said this, in advance

"... a very specialthonks

to out four Guestsof Honoul
(naned) who not onl, agteed to gruce ow Game Foit, but
toletute.l out sporudic communhues . . .".
 Renaissance
SiegeWarfare
Part2- FormalSieges
Continued
by PeterHarris

At the sametime as the sapsbeganto move foward, batteries fim€ to Form a Battery
would be establishedjust in front of the first parallel.The diagram working party of
gven showssevensuchbatteries.six ro eight would be the usual Soldier- SoldierV
numbersat this stage,eachbattery would contain6 guns (2 gun
models), and these would be supplem€nt€dby three morlar 2 gun nodel 2 days 6 days 10days 20 days
batieri€seachwith three modars (l mortar mod€l).
I day 3 days 5 days 10 days

The bonuswould be about f,150for the completionof a 2 eur

Wh€n the saps approached to within 300m ftom the outer

defencesthe secondParallelwould be constructed.Its dimensions
would be the same as the first Parallel but it would be construded
by the method or the flying sap in which severalgabionsw€re
placedandfilled at of,etime. It would similarlyform an arc around
the defencesandwould typicallybeabout1200min length.Initially
fourworkpanies eachof sixfigurescouldb€ deployedtobuildthis.
Th€ rate of progresswould be approxinatelyas follows:

each of 6 figures 24 hours completeSecondParall€l

480 3 days
360
Soldier/Levies 244 5 days

Over the next few days this could be widenedand deepened.

when the second parallel was conpl€te zi8-zag sapswould again
proc€edtowardsthe defences.Usuallytbree sapswould proc€ed

Whilst the saps moved forwards new batteries would be

The quanlitiesinvolvedfor batteriesare as followsl
establishedon or in front of the secondparallel. Up to 12 such
batteriesmight be establishedand up to 2 mor€ mortar batteries.
BatleryType No. of
Someofthe gunsfrom the first parallelwould be movedforward
Earthworks Gabiors
inio th€secloseremplacements.
2 gun model 900mr 300 Whenthe sapsapproachwithin about70mofth€ outer defence.
the Third parallelwould be established.Its dimensionswould be
500m3 zDO
similar to those of the First and Second Parauels.and also
constructed by m€ans of the flying sap. If three zig zagshav€ been
In th€ French service il was common pnctice to pay flat rates for usedto reach this poinl up to six parti€s eachof 6 figues can be used
itemsofwork done. this had the €ffectofsp€edingupope.ations. to constructit. Its lengthwould only be about 750m.The rate of
The table belowgivesthe time takenfor figuresworkinginshifts. progresswould be approximalelyas follows:

DENIAN MODELS
uomLs 1:3000 SCALE [ODERll WARlil{lPlS
Our d.gg ot frod.m w*ships includs tE lorrdi.g:
u&$(fp rmr SOVIETUNlOrr
so 3 Kdil.. 30p
So 3 O.d.
so 9 s,ona .... ................30p
..0o
so 4 Narya(p6'pal 4)p SO10DdldyC ..3On
SO 5 Big€.......... 3{)p SOrr K'ro{pd p64................ aop
SO 6 Kn€k lll ......... {ob SC'c1A*ad;ncTulob .......sdr
SO 7 Km'n . .Op SOC2SraMed€ls Xor@......5d)
Orde6 io:
DERIANXOOELS' 25 SCHOOLSTNEEI.
HEIINGFIELO, BABiISIEY, S YOBKS.S73 OPS
Chequ.s snd mon€y orloF pay.bl€ ioi oENIAN MOOELS
PosEq€ and paclGqidg
U K &B F P O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. .0. .%
. o. .l o r d enr j' n ' m u m 4 O g
Ove@6(A4a'l) ... .. ... ... .........30%oiordor. m'flmuhe100
Ple@ end s.AE or 2 IRCA for lisE.
u.s.A,t cAMoao|stnrBuroB
SIMIAC lNC., m, Alawan Rd. Nimlic, Cl 06357. USA,
l8
I if the ganisonis l€d by a (Cautiousor Incompetent)leader
For sixpani€s who is not experiencedi. siegewarfar€
eachof 6 figures conplete Thid Parallel 3 if ganison is very strons.
720m I day Deduct 1 if the attackersare attemptingto recapturea foitress
540m 1Y,days they built
Soldiers/Levies 360n 2 days 1 if the garrison is weak
2 if the def€ncesare only temporarilyrepaired
Over the next few daysthis couldbewidenedanddeepened.At I if the def€ncesare only partially repaired
rhe end of this time the aiack€rs sill be ready to capturethe 3 if the defencesare Medieval
covered way (if there is one). 2 if the defencesare ReinforcedMedieval
The capture of the Covered way (if present) is the next
operation.The opinionsof defendingauthon vary as to whether Crossreferencethe result with the basictime requiredfor the
the cov€redway shouldbe abandonedwilhout a fighl, the salient seciionof theworksto find th€ increaseordecreaseintimelakento
anglesabandonedand the re-entmntplacesheld (Vauban)or the actuallycompletethe works.
wholeofit defended(Boufflers).Dependingonthe decisiontaken
by the defenders,the Umpire bas to make recommendations:
(i) If it is abandonedthen no turther work is necessary od after1 Result I BasicTime
day th€ attaclers will have consolidatedtheir position and
establishedbatterieso. the scarpof the cov€redway.
lfisd"r" 6 t" roa")"Elt-1i,r"y;T16
*.-.
(ii) Ifit is partiallyabandonedthe smallactionnecess:ryto €vict 2 days 2 3
-5 or 4 -1 day 2 -3 -l
the d€fende$ could adequalely be played oul using the -1 day -2 days
"Sword and Pistol" skirmishrules- 3ot) 0
(iii) If it is tully defendedthen recoursemay be madeto usingthe
-1 to +1 0 0 0
"Tercio" tadical rules.[t shouldbe noted that this could be a 2ot3 0 0 +1day +2 days
very sinpl€ tacticalaffair, basicallya frontal assault.It could +l day +2 +2 +3
be very bloody, panicularly if the trenches,(ar.z?or Third +2 days +3 +4 +5
parallelaretoo remotefrom tbecoveredway,or ifthe covered
way and rampans behind have not been sufficientlywell No work period may be reducedbeiow I day duration.
barteredby the attackinganillery. The use of grenadesand By the end ofthis slageof a sieg€both sideswillhave suffered
mortars at this staSewill also increasecasuallies(Namur casualties.Thosefrom sallieswillhavebeencalculaledsepaiately.
1695),Kaiserworth1702.(Seenoreson Assaultslater). This section gives the g€neral day to day casualtiesper figure
inflicted on the garrison, and the combined Siege force and
Throughounhisanicletimeshavebeengiventor tbe carryingout
of variousworks. Thesetines are basicworkingtimesand allowin
sone casesfor shift working, the efficie.ciesof differenttypesof
workers, varialions in equipment, the nature of the ground, 2 CasualtiesPer figure
proxinity to d€fence works and working under fire. The Umpire +1 Casualtiesper figure if the attackershavea strongsiegetrain
shouldr€gulatethe €ffeclsofsalliesfrom the def€ncesasthesetoo includingMonars.
may slowthe progressof the siege.However,thereare a few other
variableswhichdo noi fit into €itherofthe systemsaboveandthese For aheCombined Siegefo.e and Blockade Forcel
are given below. They affect the rate at which circumvallations, I Casuaitype. figur€
approachtrenchesand paralleh are completed. + 1 Casualtyper figure if the combinedforcedoesnor ontnumher
The Unpire shouldcarryoutthischeck whenworks commence the gadson by 3:1
and at any stageafterwardswben anyof ih€ factorschange,but not +1 Casualtyp€r figure if the garrisonis strong
mor€ frequentlythan o.ce a week. Add up the followingfacton: +2 Casualtyper figure if the garrisonis very strong
Add 2 if the siegeis directedby an Incompetentor Cautious +1 Casualtyper figure per 2 weeks tak€n to reach the outer
defencesin the Early Period.
1 if the siegeis not directedby a leaderexperiencedin siege +1 Casualtyper figure per 3 we€ks taken to reach the out€r
defe.cesi. the Middle Period
1 if Heavy Rain occured in the last week I Casualtyper figure if the defe.cesa.e Medieval
2 if the garrison is srrong -l il the defencekeep' more than 50odof it\ guns in re.erve

In carryingout tbis calculatjonthe resullingnumberof casualties

per figure may not be lessthan 1.
The performanceof the defendinganillery is includedin the
casualtiesgiven above. However. a note is required on the
defensivepracticesofthe time. In the shorttim€ aftercompletionof
the contravallationsand until the attackers'battenesopenedfire
the defender$ould have lhe advanaage. However, in nost cases
once the attacker began firing the defend€rwould be ouinum-
bered. Some generalsadvisedthat the defend€r should hody
continuethe anillery contestaslongaspossible,otherswentto the
extremeof recomnendingthat the defensiveartillery should be
withdnwn and savedfor the lasl phaseof the siegeand a more
ralionalpracticeis lbat ofmovinggunsabout,firing offa fewshots
and then disappearing.
The primarytunctionof the attackingartilleryatthisstagewould
be to destroyas much of the defensiveartillery as possibleand
rcnder th€ breastworksand parapetsof the works ruinous, such
that th€y provide litile cover for any defendinganill€ry held in

The practiceof Ricochelfire was introducedby Vauban at the

The !hi.d pdrllel, b.€aching balte.ies, p6s.g€ of the ditch dd sieSeof Ath in 1697by which attackinggunswere alignedto fir€
lodseDents in the b.each6 down the l€ngthof a d€fendingparapet,elevatedup to 15 degrees
A towded counyardsonewherein thePapalStates.That'sPope.IuliusII centrestage,slik CesareBoryia brndishing hisswod it the
backgrourd.(Slight anachronis['to seethen togctherlike this- but that'swargaaingis''\ it?) The troopsarc fron thenolds of M
Minlaaures,
CoDaoieu r'sv€j, C;,a.telMiais,udhrytma Fov'd'y, ad the.arroc.io i, fton Inesutzr.MiElza,,ro. haveLEen
"brushedvp" by PeteDuckworth, who alsoscntch-built the architecturc.(Do the rcstof the Scimitargoup cal him AII laonardo?)

and loaded with a reduced charge. By this means the shot would Time taken to destroy Defending Anilery
pals over the outerworks and tended to bounce along the line of the
parap€t disnounting pieces as it went. Attacking DefendingAaillery
If the attackers are to su@ssf'nly silence the enemy guns and in Artillery
Strong
the next stag€form a breach they will need a sizeable siege traiD. Strong
The size of a siege train is categoris€d as belo\r.
Strong 9 days 8 days 7 days 5 days
Siege Train Siege Gun Hearycuo Morlars after 1587 11 days 10 days 9 days 7 days
nodels (SG) (sG)
models HM or LM
15 days 13 days 11days 9 days
Strong
4to5 4Io5 3ro4 ModiEss:
Weak lessthan adequatein any respecr 1. ln Early Penod add 50% to value from table
2. In Late Peiiod deduct 25% fiom table
3. In Lare Period a.fter 1696 and using Ricochet tue deduct 50%
1. The nonar requirement is only nec€ssaryafter 1587. 4. AII periodsroundedup to neaestday-
2. In tulfilling the requirements of the table the following 5. 2 & 3 above are mutually exclusive, not cumulative.
modifications are alowed:
1 SG is equivalent to 2HG (iv)If the attackers capture the cover€d way and cotMen@ 6ying
I HG is equivalent to 2MG to forn a breach or lauch an assault before this time Deriod is uD
1 MG is equivalenr to 4LG rhen Umpire shouldasrss on a pro-rarabasiswhatpropo'ariooo_f
In determining how well the attacken do at destroying the the defendingartillery is still functiotrioS.
defensive artillery the following proceedure should be carried our:
(i) The Umpire should asce(ain from the defender how much, if
any of his anillery he wishes to keep in rcserve. Having brcught the siegeto the point at which a breach in rhe main
(ii) The defender's ganison artillery should tenponrily be rampans would n€edto be made this seemsto be a convenient point
re-classified as "Strong", "Adequate" or "Weak" in accordance to pause. I hope thar you frnd this informarion of use io your
Mth my previous article on fortificarions after deducting the canpaigns. Ir the final pan of this series I yill describe the
fonation of a brea€h and ceneral assaults.
(iii) The basic time required by the attacker to desrroy rhe
available defending artillery is given in rhe table belowl
q
OF BTESSINGTON,
THEBATTTE I9I2
by Jim Webster
No, don't worry, you haven'tmissedout on a war that everyoneelse
knows about. The Battle of Blessington never actually happened,it
exish as a purely theoretical battle. I acquired a copy ot The Army
Revr'ew,1912,in which the "Battle of Blessiogton"is given as a
tactical exercise on a map, with suggested"corecf' arswen. The
scenariois simple, an ariny of 5 corys is rnoving nonh through what
is row the lrish Republic, but was then sinply lreled. A hostile
force has landed at Dundalk and is moving south. On the right or
eastem flank of the army is 5th Corps which discovers a hostile
landing at Kingstown and Bray, and has to mask this enemy force
whilst continuinc north.
The interest 6r fle lies in th€ date of this operation. jus. .wo
years prior to the outbeak of the Fnst World War. It is an ideal
opponunity to seejust how British officers expected to be able to
use the forcesurder their command.and also. unlike the FiEr
World War itsef, allows proper use of cavalry, mounted infantry,
and manoeuvre, 5th Corps itself exists purely asa force from which
to detach units. The action is at Brigade level - possibly the level
wargamers are mosi used to.
What I will do is narrate the action, occasionally breaking into
the narrative to discussv&ious poiDts of interest.
5th Corps detached 4{hh Infantry Bngade, 50th Brigade RFA,
and one squadron of divisional cavalry from the Corps advanced
guard, and added to this a regimen. fron 71h Cavalry Brigade,
which was advancing ahead of the advanced guard. The ofiicer
comnanding the itrfantry brigade wa! to command the eDtir€ force.
The force wa! at the moment sepamted, the Cavalry Regiment
being several mil€s north of the rest. Concentration was to be on
Blessington,choseDasan imponanr roadjunction that the enemy
would haveto passthroughto interfe.ewith 5th Corpsin any way.
The cavalry regiment (lst Hussals) was ordered to be clear of
Balynor€ Eustanceby 7.30am,this beingthe lown whichwason
both their route to Bl€ssington and that of the infaDrry. The rest of
the forcewasdivided into thre€ and the Train: an advancedeuard
consistingof2ndSulsexRegr .onerroop\of divisionalca\alr;.and
one sectionRFA; the mainbody.inorderofmarchconsisringoflst
MunsterFusilies, lst RoyalHighlanders,40thBde RFA, (lessone
section and amnunitiotr columD), 2nd Rifle brigad€ (less one
company)and the amnunition column;and a rearguardconsisting
of one s€ction of divisional cavalry and on€ company 2nd Rifle
Brigade.The main body noved out at 7am, ar 9am the train also
noved off, but it wasonly to go to Ballynore Euslan@,threemiles
short of Blessingron-with regard ro rhe rrain the author of ihe
exercise points out that whilst a few mounted m€n could well be
attached io it for scouting purposes ther€ are sufficienl armed
peNonnel with the train for defence against snall hostile raids, but
the men must be properly organised and disciplin€ mainrained. The
us€ of extra delachments to guard the train is frowned on.
In addition to the above mentioned fo.ces there was the rest of
the divisional cavalry. One troop was io move anead of the
advanced guard, another to act on the right flank, ihat being the
most expoed, ed ore section ooly to move on th€ "shielded" left
flank. Two sections are detailed to ad with lhe train as it is
marchingas a separatebody, and one troop is reiainedwith the
Officer Commanding to meet unforeseen evenlualities.
Here it is perhapc worth commenting upon the pnnciple of
concentration with regards to cavalry, Regimental cavalry, such as
the 1stHussarsin this scenario,wereio b€ kept logether.us€dasa
unit and not to be ftittered away. Divisional cavalry on the other
hand were normaly considerably brok€n up into small units for
scruting and general escorl duties. Indeed that was the main
purpose of divisional cavalry. It was felt that ea€h independent
fonation other than cavalry ought to have some divisional avalry
attached to it. The example of the Gernan 38th Bngade at
Rezonvilleon the l6th of August 1870is relevant.It wasorderedto
attackimmediatelyon its anival on th€ banlefield.Poorordersleft
the commander in somedoubt asto exactly wh€re the French we.e,
advancing in ignorance tbey received fire on th€ir left flank. The
B.igade was swung round to meet this fire and advanced
unknowingly against greatly supenor forces, and it was destroyed
asa fighting force in a few trtinutes. The Brigade comma.der had no
cavalry of his own and hence was torally unable io reconDoitre
aheadof hin at anythingfasterthan walking pace.
The differing usesof Regimental and Divisional cavalry even led
to suggestions that they be equippeddifferef,tly.The sameissu€of
the Aml Re-ew has an anicle about the "Nonh lrish HoNe"
which saysthat "As regardstheir usetuln€sson sewice, taking into
consideration their average intelligence, education, and preseni
training, they would apparently be best einployed as divisional
Cavalry. The men are ar present only armed wirh a rifle, and would
th€refore,if taken by surpris€,and if they did not hav€ tim€ to
disnount, be absolutelyat the mercy of a cavalrysoldi€r amed
with swo.d or lance."
The Divisional cavalrywere never expectedto be hu.led in a
solid massat the €nemy,they would t€nd to be much too busy.ln
effect they relieved the cavalry regiments of a loi of the inore
mundane tasks such as escorts and flank protection for infantry
fomations, and allowedihe regimenc to remain concentrated.
Back to the slory, the "BlessingtonDetachmeDf'hasbeentold
off and has set off 10Blessington. At 7am on the 16th of December
an officer's patrol which is in advance of the main body of the 1st
Hussars is fired upon from sone woods about 1ya mil€s from
BallymoreEustance(about the samedistancefron Blessington).
On the arrival of the rest of th€ regiment about 50 minules later a
hostile troop is seento retire from the woods towards Blessington.
Obs€rvationshowsthat th€re is in the region of 200 dismounted
menin the ar€aofthe villageofBlessington.AtSam threeor four
hostilesquadronsare observedmovingout of Blessingtontowards
The Command€rofthelst Hussarssentthis informationbackto
the Officer commandif,g the detachment and deployed. An
officer's patrol of ten men was sent after the enemy cavalry troops
who were heading for tnckan, to nake sure they did not fall on the
detachmenfsright flank. Two troopsw€reto coverthe Ballymore
Eustanceroad.in a positionguardingthe regimenfsright andbeing
pr€paredto occupyBlessingtonif the enemy evacuatedit- The
remainderof the regim€ntwith the machinegunsection,ore troop
acting as an advancedguard, moved to Position B from wherc fre
was opered up on the eremy\ flank.
This action cuased the enemy force of a squadron and two
companiesof cycliststo evacuateBlessingtonand head back
towards Brittas. How€ver the expulsion of the enemy fron
Blessingtonis not known by lhe Detachmentcommanderwhenhe
has to make his dispositions for an advance on Blessington. He is
obviously concemed by an enemy cavalry reginent wandering
abour in the vicinity of the Blessinglon-Lackan road on his right
flank. so the advancedguard commander is ordered to detach two
infantrycompaf,iesand a se.geantaf,d 8 troopeB ofthe divisional
cavalry lo cov€r th€ flank of th€ advanc€ on Blessinglon.
The 2nd SussexRegiment,lesstwo companiesdetachedfor a
flank guard, is lo deploy in position A, the cavalry fton there
having .edeployed to position B assoon asthar position was secure.
The 2nd Sussexwill provide a scr€enbehind which the rest of th€
detachment can cone up without interference, the artillery
deployingwell behind position A and lhe other three i'fantry
baualions deploying between the cavalry at position B and the 2nd
Sussexat posilion A. Divisional cavalry will be r€sponsible for
covering the right flank, $reetring the ar€a between position A and
th€ Liffey.
The eneny pulled out of Blessington without waiting for the
deploymentto beconpl€ted and so the auack neverneededto be
launched.However.the authorwasinsistentthat the attackshould
be nade by everyonetogether,and the MunsterFuliliers,beingthe
uit which had tunhest to march, being nearesl th€ Cavalry at
position B, would be th€ ones to signal the attack, as the last to be
r€adv.If the 2nd Sussexhad had to drive in outDoststo enableit to
 4L

ACTIVESERVICEPRESS
(ADivisionof QuartermasterStoras)
Books6yWarqamers forWargamers
RULES Historyin
IndtanMldnvRde
Cnh.dwdR"lg
1.95
2-40
the making:
ACWRlre5 2.50 WATCH
To Kippure House Fr.nchcanadlar/AwlRitle Z{X) THIS SPACE
- and Saxv CaD Cl9rh Skimish Rul6 250

BASICPAINTINGGUIDES:
TIIE EATTLE OF NAPOT.EONTC PNNIING GT,IDES
BRIIISHINFANIXY60p
BLISSINGTONT9T2 BBmSHCAVAaY 9sD
FRENCHLINEANDUGHTINFANIIY 95p
FRENCHLINEHUSSARSANDCTIASSE{JnS 75o
FRENCHLINEDRAGOONSANDTANCERS 75D
\ 9 F8INCHIINECUISASSERSANDCARABINmS 75o
To Lachan FRENCHGUAnD 75D
RUSSIAN NFANIBY 95p
RUSSIAN CAVALBY95D
RUSSIAN AR]ILLERY,G{JAND,
SPECI]qL UNTTSANDSTANDARS 95P
reach its positior then this may well have delayedit, and the
commandershould take this into considerationand make the SEVENYEAB WAB PAINIING GUIDES 'IIIEEfNCH
THEBRMSH 2.25
.ITIEAUSTB]AN 2.75
officer commanding the 2nd Sussexresponsiblefor giving the order 2.25 THEMUSSIANS 2.50
Morew l ha@bs Fbtshedbyh€ tne you@d lhislr
Once the position had been taken and the enemy driveDout, SendSAEford uDb &te [n
Blessington had to be securedand beld, as the id€al point to guard (mrn4op)
M.ll or&rt D.: UI<& BFP'O 5
th€ flank of 5th Corps- Rather than just sit in Blessingtonth€ olct.- lO* Sod.c.so AltE.tl
def€nders had to nak€ sure that the enemy were kept up to two
mil€s away to stop the shellitrg of billets, etc- A Company would be QMStores17.19WestWycombe Road,
sent a couple of miles out of Blessingtotr along each of the roads,
with suppon for those sent to the more dangerous nonh easa
HighWyconbe,Bucks.HPII 2LQ
statiooed on the hills behind them a to the flank. These Telz(M941M2M5Access& Vlsa
companiesshould dig in ready to resist the enemy, in front of them
should be troops of divisional cavalry ready to locate the enemy
prior to falling back on the infantry. The lst Hussarsshould b€ sent
four or five miles nonheast to form an initial block on the exp€cted
avenueofanack. Fromrherelhey.an reconnonremo'€ widalyand
screenBlessingtonftom the most likely eremy advance. Divisional
cavalry should patrol around th€ rest of the position, keeping a
GAMES
caretul eye on th€ Lackan road in casethe enemy cavalry maoages
to evadethe detachmentshado$,ing it and reappearunexpstedly-
So there you have it, nol overwhelningly exciting, somewhat
lacking in drama, but aUvery compet€nt and prof€ssional. Basically
LINK
it is how a force should deploy. In wargaming tems how many
times haveyou seena force march onto the table and be fac€dwith a
W A N TA C A M E . . .
force in a fixed position, and immediately auack piecemeal,with no . . . B U T N O O N ET O P L A Y ?
thought lo concentration, units simply beiDg thrown in as they
urive. Here we seeth€ commander nakinp definite efforts lo avoid lolN
this. The cavalry, arriving first. deploy to l-hreatenboth a flank and GAMES LINK
lines of communication, taking advantag€ of both their nobility
and early anival, ihe lauer giving them more time. The first
THE CAMERSDIRECTORY
infantry unit to arrive is deployed in a position where it will scre€n Our NationalCamesDatabase
the .esl of the force as it arrives, and is not used otreDsivelyai all. guarantees to find Opponentsin YOURarea
when the mdn body doesarrive it ir senrround the bacli of the
tenain to deploy our of sight, and therefore out of danger, from the
Who play the 6amesthat you want to play
enemy occupying the village. The fiEt unit to arive lravels . . . or we'll send your money back
turthest, aDd the command€r of the unit whose deployment will
take longestis given the responsibility for ordering a general auack. All periods,scales,rulescovered.
The lst Hussarsare kept together and deployed in the line, froin
wh€re th€y can fall upon a disorgatrisedenemy and tum a retreat
into a rout. When you look al the force available to ihe Detachment
QuarterlyReportof Gamersin YOURarea
comnader he has only one type of troop who can do this; the
AnnualSubscription€6.50
infartry can only pursue as fast as the enemy can retire, and tb€ Send for application to:
divisional cavalry, though capable of punuing, has to screen th€
righl flank and hence are broken up into penny packets and sent
south. Th€ lst HussaB &e kept in hand aod concentrated. CamesEnterprise
Throughout the entire actior the lst Hussars have detached oDly
one officer's patrol, which is following the enemy cavalry towards
6 Eweford Farm Cottage
Lackan. It it still a very powerful unit. This husbanding of shock Dunbar,EastLothianEH42 lRF
troops is a sensible policy throughout the ages.
 ;._l

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 t I T

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c*"f ,:).

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When we ti,lst published photos of the Gimsby Wtganes Ctub\ Italian wWI Sonaliknd totces they attacted a hir bit of
corcspondence. Sincethen the colection hasbeen expandedtud hastaken to the tuad asa deno gane. (Seeit at the Tnples, Sheffield in
March, and at Nes/a*, East Midlands rcgionzls itl.lune.) Moft photos of that iD next month\ Waryam$ worh|
The Gnnsby guyshave not beenrcsting on their laurels, howevet. A nini-@paign invired by the Gemd invBion of Crete is h the
advancedplanninghuilding/test-pkying stage. We thought it appropiate to shoe a fee shotsherc siDcewhat happened in Crcte wotid
'opentional'. Herc then ale morc
Fobably have been ehat happeDedin the ea y stagesof Opention Sea Lion had it ever gone
BAvenAthtpe Mithtuns Gernan FalschinjaEer and Bountain toops. The gliden, scraxh-built of thin pltryood cladding over a balsa
'tood core, arc rcpresentational nthet than being a precke aercnaDticatspecie. They owe nuch ho||ever b the DN230. Ptotagonisa on
the canpaign ate Colin Runford and Malcoln Taylor, trho are alsoplnni.g to have a go at'Sea Lion' too. A future aJticle ftun thern will
give notes on scntch-building the gliders and suitable boatsatd baryes- and pefiaps give Dssone eidence of whether Adoff would have
been able to take Grinsbv!

OPERATIONSEA-LION:MYTHOR REALITY?
Part I: The Gathering Storm
by Anthony R. Tucker
'If Holland and Belgiuii are successtullyoccupied and if
In the summer of 19,10Britain stood alone. The British Amy and
the Hom€ Guard peer€d from behind thei barbed wire and Franceis alsodefeated.the tundmertal conditioDsfor a
sandbagsout acrossthe Channelin anticipationof the Ge.man successtulwar against England will have been secur€d.
invasion that was being prepared along the French coastline. Englandcan then be blockad€dfrom westemFranceat
OperationSea'Lion,the plannedinvasionofGreatBritain, isone close quaners by the Air Force, while the Nary wilh its
of the great enigmasof the SecondWortd War. Was it mlth or U'boats canexte.d the rangeof the blockade.When that
reatity, bluff or real intention? is done, England will not be able to fight on the continent
By July 1940Germanydirecdycof, trolledAuslria, Czechoslova- and daily attacks by th€ Air and Naly will cut her
kia, most of Poland, Dennark, NoNay, Holland, Belgiun and life-lines.
France. so there s€emedlittle rcason not to expect thal the Th€ moment England'ssupply routesare seveiedshe
victorious German Wehrmacht would extend ils control over will be forced to capitulate.'
Britah. But with a m''.iad of complications and German Staff SigDificantly there was no mentioD of a hilitary invasion of the
dissension Sea-Lionnevertookplace,so one canonly speculateas British mainland, also Hitler seened to underestimate Britaint
to what th€ outcomewould have been! resistanceas a maritime fttion.
The ba€kgound to this failure, which war to havefar reaching The wehrmacht's suclesstul Blitzkrieg invasion of France on 10
consequences- pnnanly a two-front war for cermany - caD be May 19(), was ma.red by the 'Halt Order' a! Duntnk $,hich
tiaced to AdolJ Hitleis high regard for Britain and cenain evenrs allow€d the British Expeditionary Force to escapeto fight another
conceming the Fatl of France. In outlining his plans for Westem day. Operation Dynamo managedto evacuate224.686membersof
Eu.ope on 23 May 1939,Hider told his Conmaf,de.s,in-Chief: the BEF and 141,445Allied troops.On 24 May Hitler stoppedhis
armouredthruston Dunkirk and ihus savedrhe BEF. Therewere. forcingBritain to make peaceby indirectmeans.H€ sharedJodl's
though. sound lacdcal reasonsfor this move. Hitler was worried view ofdisrupting Brirain'sseabornetrade and makingair attacks
about prot€cting th€ Wehrernachfssouthern flank and seizing on main u.ban cenlres.The Oberkommandoder Krieesmarine
Paris. Aner all his main purpose was the defeat of Frsce. ( O K M . N a r a l H ' g h C o m m a n d rn. o l e dr h . l r h e \ a v d l
Noneth€less, ther€ is an indicalionthat Hitler wasbeingmilitarily 'C-in-C .egards a landing
in EnglaDdas of,ly the lasr
and politicallygenerousto Bntain. Hirler rold Oeneralvon Kl€ist resort, 1()make England ready for peac€.Is convinced
ahat'Theywill nol comebackin this war'. Franc€,with her armies thatsev€rance ofseatradethroughU-boatoperationsand
scattered,signedan armislic€on 22 June 19.10. air attacksagainstconvoys,aswell asheavyairatlackson
major English centr€s(Liverpool) will make England
ready lbr peacewithout tbai. C-in C can rher€forenot
With Europe conqueredthe only problemthat now remainedwas a d v o c a ta
e l a n d i n gi n E n g l a n d . . . '
to penuade Britain to make peace and submit to Germany\
dominationofall the continem.Adniral Erich Raeder,C-in,C of Butthe severance ofBritaint tradewasnot a seriousDroDosition
the GermanNavy. had two conferences with th€ Fiihreron 21 May at thisdale. OKM had insufficienrwar\h'p\ ro be able16undeflake
and 20 June. In both Hitler gave lhe subject lirtle atrenrio., any largescaleoperations-Also rhe U-boarfleernumberedonly57
obviouslyregardinginvasion as unnecessary to force Britain to (not all of which wer€ suilablefor operationsin rhe Atlantic) and
makepeace.Hitler said of the situation The British havelosr rhe Admnal Doenilz, U-boat C-in-C, sratedhe would require about
war, but thef don'l know it; one mustgive themtime. andtheywill 300for an effectivebloclade ofBritain. They wer€not producedin
sufficientnumbersto threalenBritain\ suppliesuntil th€ autumnof
Also worthy ofnote, afler th€ Fall of FranceHnler intendedto 1941when the Bartle of the Atlanlic really gol underway.Hitler
demobilis€part of the Army. this too se€medto indicate no had eslimatedin July an effectiveblockadeof Brikin would take
invasion.The Fiihrer gaveBritain one month 1ocom€to its senses. 1'2 yea6. He was right. it did not reachseriousproponionsuntil
He did not wanl the British Empire destroyed.he noted This 1942.
would not be ofanyadvantag€io G€rmany,Germanblood would
be shedto accomplishsomethingwhichwould only benefitJapan,
the Uniled Statesand others.' RaederalsosharedJodl'sconfidencein ceman air power.He had
On 30 J'rneGen€ralmajorAlfred Jodl, one of Hitler's pnnciple goodreasonto in the ligbt ofthe Luftwaffe'sperfomance in Spain
military advisorsfrom Ob€rkommandoder wehrmacht (OKW. duringthe SpanishCivil warand more r€cendyin Poland.rh€ Low
Armed ForcesHigh Conmand), issueda memorandumentitled Countries and France. The Luftwafie lhough could nor really
The Coniinuationof the War againstEngland. He felr Britain's effectivelyseverBritish trade on its own. Air a ackson convoys
mainoffensiveen, the RoyalAirForce. mustb€defeatedin ord€r could only affect the Channelregion and pa.ts of the eastcoast.
to defefldGemey s war economybase.namelyher indusrry.In Suchauackswouldbe subjectro RoyalAirForce inr€rferenceand
continuingthe war againstBritain he outlinedthre€ possibilities: Brilain ifn€cessarycould abandonChanneltrade.Thusboth naval
firstlya si€geto strangleBriiain\trade. secondlyterror attackson and air methodsrequiredtoomuchrime, somethingHitlerdidnot
u$an centresand thndly invasion-Jodl advocateda compromise have. Invasionseemedtbe onlv answer.
betweenthe first two. England should be economicallycrippled
followed by capitulationor invasioo. Op€rational conl.ove.sy
During the planningof the invasion.one of the greatestoperalional
B.itish Intra$igence handicaps energed, namelyth€ row betweenOberkomnandodes
Britaint intransige.ceover peace fe€lers was coupled to cer- Heeres(OKH. Army Hish Command)and OKM over the ste of
many's growin8 problems in Eastern Europe. In rhe secrer lhe actuallandings.The Anny calledfor awide-front landing,bur
protocolsto the Non-AggressionPactof 1937with Russia,which lhe Navy due Io irs weakness,said it could only defenda nanow
allowedthem to mulually cawe up Poland,Germanyhad agrced front landing.
that the Balaicstat€sand the Rumanianareaof Bessarabias€re Initially lhe GermanArmy warred an invasionfront srretching
within the Sovielsphere.Between25 May-21July1940.Lithuania, from tbe Isle of Wight 1oDover. adisranceof some200 miles.But
Estoniaand Latviawereoccupiedandincorporatedif,to the USSR. OKM argued it could only defend landingsb€rwee. Dunkirk-
Besarabiawasalsooccupiedon27Junefollowedbytbe Rumanian Folkestoneand BouloSneBeachy Head. OKH was agaif,sta
regionof Norther. Bukovina.The Russiansrhough.had occupied landing confi.ed between Folkesto.e and Easrbourne.turth-
the Germansectorof Lithueia and beeanto Dr€ssfor Southern ermor€they wantedlandingsat Ramsgare,sest ofBrighton and at
Bukovi.a. Thisposeda direct rhreatto F.umanias oilfields,which Lyme Bay.
were vital to the Germanwar efforr. Thereforea widefront invasionwasseenassuicidebv rheNaw.
It was appar€ntRusso-Germanrelationswere in rapid decline. w h i l ea n a n o wl r o n rI n v a s i ouna sr e S a r d eadss u r c i dteo ; r h eA r m ) .
Hitler. with his designsturning East, desperalelyneededp€ace Eventuallya compromisewasmadebyHitler, reducingrhefronno
with Britain. but WinsronChurchillwouldnotnesotiate.Consider- 90 miles.The firsr planlhough,wasarrueinvasionoperationandirs
ingBritain shopelessposilion rhismusthaveinf;iared Hitl€r. who rejection can be se€n as significant.Of rh€ revised plan Field
could not undersrandwhy the British Gov€mmenrwa! being so Marshalvo. Brauchitsch,C-in C Army, said it was
'a frontal attackagainsta defensiveline,
By 19 July the Fiihrer nade one lasl appealto Englandvia rhe on roo nanow
R€ichstag,and promised unendingsufferinsand misery'if they a front, with no prospectsof surprise and wi$
would notcome lo tens.ltseems though.thiswasonlyblustering insufficientforcesreinforcedin driblets.'
thr€ats,becausethe lralian ForeignMinister ro cermany. Count The r€vis€dplanwasmainlypsychological, r€lyingon B.irain to
Ciano, noted'I believe thar his d€s;e for peaceis sincere. But suffer an int€mal collaDseinduced bv an ai: offensive.Ronald
Hitler's bluff was calledwhen Churchill refusedpeace. \Nheatly h Operation S;a L'br siares ihe secondplan in facr was
not a tru€ landinSoperation. This form ofinvasionwasa subsidiary
Invalion or StrangulatioD inst.umentofth€ air war. For lhe wide front plan to be a success
Facedwith Britain\ continuingresistance. Hitlerdrew the probl€m the Germanshad lo counterthree main problems;the RAF; and
ofinvadingthe countryto the altentionofthe threearmedservic€s Royal Nary and lhe British Army.
on 2 July 1940.Although as €arly as Novemb€r1939a plan had The fundamentalproblem ftat rhwered cerman ptanningwas
beenproducedwhichconsidereda landingin EastAnslia. Ceneral their acutenavalweakf,ess. Also the Luftwatrefelt it would havero
Keitel, Chief OKW, from the sta.l gave the operationan air of be concentrat€di. one area. ReichmarschalHemann coerins.
unrealityby sayingon 2 July. 'All preparationsmustbe undertaken C.rn-Cof the Gemdn Arr force. dnd hn sraffat Oberkommandio
onthebasisthatthis invasionis stillonlya planandhasnoryetbeen derLuftwaffe (OKI, Air ForceHigh Command)generallyagreed
on this view. and thisconrributedro the abandormentof the wid€
In conferencewith the Fiihrer on 1l July, Raederadvocated
 ^/a4
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It sas just not pracricalto organis€sucha largescaleoperationin

Th€ argumenlsover lhe exactform ofthe invasioncontinu€duntil
its postponement.nonethelessan invasionplan did €volve.
Two Army Groups,cof,sistingof about41 divisions.(including
airborne forces).a€re to be employed.Anny Group A. under
FieldMarshalvon Rundstedt.gthArmy andthe l6th Army, wasto
be supponed by Amy Group B. under Field Marshal Bock,
consistingof the 6th Army.
RundstedfsArmy Group A wasto land betweenWorlhing af,d
Folkesone,while Army Group B was 10 follow up by landingar
Lyme Bay. Ttre initial pla. calledfor landingsbetweenRamsgate
and Bexhill, Bridton and the kle of Wight. and the isolatedone
near Lym€ R€gis.ln aII260.000men were to be landedwilhin 4
days(althoughOKM doubrcdit couldachievethis).The fiIst wave
was to consisrof 90,000men equippedwith 26,0m biqyclesand
4.000horses(l)supportedby 2 airbornedivisionsand 250 tanks-
The secondwavewasto bringinlhe allimportantPanze.Divisions,
which were ro b€ landedat capturedpons.
The firstobjectiveofthe invasiotrforceswasthe seizureof a lif,e
fromlheThamesestuaryheights,southof lrndon, to Ponsmouih.
The secondobj€ctivewasthe moppingup ofresisrancein southem
Ef,gla.d. Then rhe occupationofLondon followedby ar advance
to aline from Maldon to the Sevemestuary.Beyondthis a general
thrlr$ nonhwardswas envisaged.
All this intensiveand detailedplanningseems 10sugg€stthat Hitler
and OKW were seriousabout a seabom€invasionofBritain. But
during the conf€rencewift Raederon 11July, whenthe probl€ms
of the practicalidesof the invasio. were beginningto manifest
them\elves.i( wasrecordedrhd|Tle Fihrer aho rieqs invasionas
a last reson and also @nsidersair superioritya prerequisite.'
Eve. so, possiblyoui of frustrationand in order to pressurise
Bntain, Hi er issued War Directive No.16 on 16 July, On
Prcparadonfor a landingoperationagainstEngland'.Operation
Seelowe (Sea-Lion) officially cane inro b€ing. Although his
reluctanceto implementan iavasionofBrihin emergesin it:'I have
decidedto preparea landitrgoperation againstEngland and, il
necessary. to carryit out . Many historianshavesaidthesefinal half
dozenwordsshowHitlerwasneverin eam€st,but a morepowedul
indicationof the unrealityof Directive No.16 is its timetable:all
prepararionswere to b€ ready by the middle of Augtrst.
so sbort a time, OKM \ras nol ready until th€ end of Septenber.
Tbe nilitary hislorianLidd€ll Hart said of Directive No.16,'The
order,how€ver,sound€dvery"iffy".'The F ihrer wenl on to rep€at
his reluctancewben he said.
'The aim of this operation will be io eliminate th€
Englishhomelandasabasefor the prosecutionofthe
war againstGermany. and if neessary to occupy it
When a turther directivewas issu€dil did f,ot elaborateon the
'For
invasionof Britain. DirectiveNo.17 issuedon 1 August,was
the Conductof the air afld sea warfare againsrEngland.'Hitler
'In order to establishthe necessaryconditionsfor the
final conquestofEngland, I intend lo intensifyair and
sea $ddare dgain't rhe Engli\h homeland.
This in effecr meant fte Luftwaff€ would have to bee the brunt of
th€ offensiveagainstEngla.d-
Her€ anotherfault concerningth€ implementalionof Sea-Lion
was to arise. Chester Milmot in fte Shrgg/e for Europe obseres
'The Luftwaffe held th€ only keys which could open the defencesof
the Britishhles for fte reslofthe wehrmacht.'Too muchwasto be
expectedof the Luftwaffe. It wasdesignedfor direct supporto. as
aerial artitlery, not as a selfsufficient offensive am. Yet the
Luftwaffe was expectedto deal with the LAF, RN, the British
Army, coastaldefencesand muf,itionsfactoriesall on its own. It
was unfan to exDectmuch of OKL. bul OKM was too weak and
OKH coulddo nothingwithout either,soboth servicespreparedto
let the Luftwaffe c€t on with it.
ProbablyHitleis biggeste.emy was tine. He was increasingly
convincedwar was necessarywith the Sovi€t Union, so he had
insufficienttime to orSanisea prop€r invasionof England.Also,
the lons€r England was left, th€ stronger her defencesand resolve
would grow.Britain'sdefenceswere weakestdunngMay andJune.
Thereforethe Cermans'biggestmistakeswere10allow evacuation
at Dunkirk and thef,not to follow up with an invasionofEngland.
Ironically the BEF retumed home almosl w€aponless,but a
German invason had nor beenplannedfo' Britain. nor was on€
really practicalduring this period-
Continua next motrth
 Above: Five sho/sby the author oI the trcopsdesuibet below,atd one of the gane it r,f.ogress.

TURCHINGTOWARDtt,rf. ST. JEAN

A Pilgrim's Progressin Wargame Design
F. Patrick Burk st the d.rawingboard
The processof hznslating an histoic engagemenrinto a tabletop board game coDter with the visual appeal and historic interest
yargarc is familiar gound to anyone iDvolved in the hobby. provided by the figures. Using th€ Avalon-Hill Order of Batde as
Regardlessof the period or ryp€ of batile rbe game endervoh io my iDitial guide, I resolved to produce as wide a variety of
r€pr€setrt.tb€ game desiFFermun addressa number of factors and unitbases as possible, irnbuing each of th€se with enough
elenents (figurcs and gane scale, terrain and rutes) connon to individual character to allow it to siand alone as a mini-diorama ;r
every wargame. what distinguishes such projects is not so nuch vignette. Nothing to it; all I had to do was honor this standard
wha hey accomplish.bur ,ow |}ley do so. Ir is rh€ philosopbyof through the painting of over 12m figu'es, mounted on 163 bases.
the d€srgner,the personal pnonlies. and how he realiseshis To date, over a lhid of theseprojected baseshave been compteted.
prcject,thai giveswargamhgsucha nch iexture.Gamed€sigDisas So far so good . . .
p€rsonal as interpretirg Beethoven or Shakespeare;eachFrfonn- To providevisualinreresi.I n€ededro emplovaswide a v&iery
ance is shaded by the feelings of its conduclor or direcror. This of figuresas possible.Ii wa\ obviousthat n6 #de manufactue;
article outlines the evolurion ol a eargame d€sigD- from rhe pohr could exclGively satisfyrhis demand.Afrer sooe rnat and enor
of view of a professional anisr/graphic designe; wirb no pr€;ous rcgarding the conpatibility of figure scales,I decided on Minifigs
expenence ln warganng. and Battle Honoun to supply the najority of the necessaryfigures.
Once upon a time. . . I dusted off my venerable Avalon-HiU I feel these two lines $lork well together, with Minifigs offering its
W.rrerloo board game for an evening of pleasant recrearion and wide variety of nationalities and types of units, and Battle HonouE
slmbolic cmage with an old fnend. After a sarshctory r€versatof providing its mnprehensive selectior of poses. speciatity figures
history (t rit tine, the AIme€ du Nod did foi Bhcher's cabbage and superb cavaky ard anillery csstings to grace the
Foject. In
eaters at Ligny, Ney cur through Quatre BIas like a hor Betgian sode cas€s,to avoid reperition, figures by Edpire, Naismith dd
wame and lhe road to Brursels lay open to hordes of fanatic Jacobite have been employed.
ftoggies before Wellington could changehis dancing punps . . . ), The use of basedfigures for this project is intended asa graphic,
post-game musrngstouched on the folowing: this game could be ra&er that a literal, (nan-ro-figure ratio) divide. The baser'rsefis a
more interesring if one were lo (a) r€place rbe gatr)ecounren wirh crunter, Iabetled to identify the ractical organization and its combat
bas€d6gues, and (b) produe a lareer and nore cotorfulgame strength, just as the Avalon-Hill counter it replaces. In keeping
board. This little acom has be€n \prouting for nedly rwo y;aB. with the structurc of the Avalon-Hill game, these most often
reprcsent an lnfantry or Cavalry Division or Bdgade, atrached
hsigriDg lhc Brs€s: Form mects Fuctior Anilbry units, or ComnddHeadquarters miis. The combat
The designof the bases,ard the s€ledion of the figures usedfor that basesde generally identified by their Commander; the Comnmnd/
purpo6e, grew out of inexperience, which fteed ne from HeadquarteE basesby the Histodc Personality they represent. The
pre-cooc€ivednotions conc€ming rhe prop€r" basingof wargames figules, on the other hand, represnt a speatrc Regiment or
6gures.I viewed the basingof Egureaas; d€signp;bbm-ro be Battalion of the tactical organization/bas€. The primary sourc€ for
resolved as I saw ft and subjecr ro my personai concept of rhe these units was Unifoms of Wate oo. The selection of these
project. Casringabourfor sui;ble materi;tsrhe Warerr; proiecl particular units is subjective; the unit possesses either ar iDteresting
led me to 15mm wargane figures, which otrered rhe quality and appeamnc€ or historic significance- Research of the Wat€rloo
variety I sought. Each basew6 conc€ived as a firce-dinensioDal Order of Bahle eDcouragedthe production of units 4or ircluded in
'chip", conbining
the ease of novement and iderrification of a rhe Avalon-Hill scenario.
 Throughout this proc€ss,ev€ry effon was made to maintain the
inremtv of my uiual concepr: to s€rve lhe eye. aod hisloric
MINIATURES
WARRIOR
ure;est, by lh; ac.urate depiclion of lhe \Plend'd diversity of 14th,sronAv,,Gli.{ioeG329NXS.rdanf
Naooleodc miliiary dre\s. The various uots produc€d tor
wate./oo pr€sent a kaleidescope, fiom regulation kit to @tch-all, !5mmAnirlES 25mmAARGAIN
ONLY€9.S I fl.30 FOST. NAPCILEOMC AAffEs
ras-tas camoarsnq€a!. The honr of each univba\e catries a -- ol\llY f13.5 - €z50 POST
coior;oded iab;lrhich identfie' thesespeciticunitsby oaoe and 6rll|snNaDo|eonrc rJzp€
nationality. Fr€nchNaDoleonic l40p.s lhoose rrcm:
ifii;
irlliil"?"ip-.ritiro Pjll"j, ll?ffi
Consideriry rh€ Gam€board' or, Ground! fo. 3 ligha Ecwnoyalisr 144pc il1i;; spcs
1il4p6
EcwPsrliamenra.ian fi;i;; rmbo
A large\cde airbrushed(and very prerry)gmeboard wasinilialiy ACWUnion 136pcs 103i s
Au$.jan
oroduced for warerloo. Il represenLeddll the fealures ot tbe ac1/vconfederct€ 136p6 SDanish 101pcs
Avalon-Hill board, including the hex grid. But as the nunber of lathcentuN 142D8 All dmi€s include4 rcgs of
finished basesincreased,I realized I would have to produce an even Fantawco& 113p6 foor, 2. regls of ho6a | 3
larqerteNon of this board,or rethinklhe problemakogeiher'The FanlasvEvil 126Dcs gen€rar'
efihon was Drorided b\ lhe advenr of the GeoHex Terrai! NEWIAmm N.Dol€onb
System. I was instatrtly seducedby the versatility and simPlicity of cunc.Yrs fr l5fis!)
the GeoHex svstem. "This is it! l" I exclain€d. Indeed it is, asa five
bv nine foot tible, tuly loaded with tenain goodi€s, and t€siding in 'n allsmiss availadefrom 1so€ch,
Flqurcs
-
;v basementwill attest. The modular GeoH€x systemsatisfied my 25mmNaDoleonic foot,
d;sire for a stylized, gaphic representation of the watedoo and gopfor t2x15mm foot.
campaign theater, allowing me to add this or that little terrain Full derailsin sup€r free caialogue.
Send SAEfor lat6t edition + samplengurc,
feature or modification whenever the spiit moves me-
"Pretty, But Ctn They Fighl?"i Controlling the Chro6
Suoer seri6 100 piece25mm amy, only 117.50+ f2.50 post.
Wlile the structure of the Avalon-Hill scenano coutd serve ar a L.ndskne.hts,16thCanturySamu6i,Post{onqu€stNoman...
nodel for this project, its rules of play were woetully inadequate for
the €xpanded scale I intended. I required a mor€ comprehenstve
body of rules to complement the game. After revi€w of s€veral 2tnm Colonials- Zuluc + Bdtish, 8oeE, Fuzi Wuzis, etc'
popular rul€s s)'terns,a daunting processfor a neophlte destner, I Onlv25o €ach.
found, as with the selection of figures, that no one s'stem would Availauesoon:25mmBomans+ ACW-
oeatly provide everlrhing I wanted to know about warganes, Out watchthis spacefor details.
was afiaid to ask). In general, the syst€mswere too cornpl€x for my
lvlail Oder Only. Vi$ & ,€t€ss Hot-linelMl-ta 3426
purpose.I was attemptingto designa game thar aty bter€sted {€v€n'ngsprefered,so you don'r.run{p youremploygrs
petlotr could enjoy, regardless of their knowledge of history, lhe
'user-friendly"
dtfitary or even wargaming. I r€solved to develop a
body of rules with an eye io providing a reasonable and s€nsible
degree of realism to gane play, with enough texture to be 163bases...
interesting, while prcviding FUN, an aweeness of the histonc
event and aDoutlet for those closet conquerors I knew to be lurking Shox, and TeI: lbe Technicd Bit
about. At the same time I didnt wish to offend the sensibilities of I hope the fo[owing infornation $'i[ be usetul to thos€ readen wbo
eipenenced wargamers. might be interested h the rnaterials I use or ny painting rdethod:
As anyone night guess, the result oI this noble ambition to The Bas€sare 1'4 inch square, of quart€r'inch bass*ood, stained
develop a simple, logical and easily digested body of rules is with Minwax dark walnul and sealed with several coats of
twenty-eight typewiti€n pages . . . aaah, simplicity ln truth, Dolwethane vamish. The vamish is rubb€d do$n with fine-gade
nuch of this is exposition ald explanation of the rules; the per[nent ;t€;l wool between coats. The undersidesof the basesare finished
nuts and bolts of the system are condensed to a set of lables with green felt, obtained at a lo€al milliner's outlet.
developd for the players. They ee indeed siinple, logical and
earty digerted. The Llbels are produced otr appropriate colored pap€r, using
My rule s'6tem oweslessto my inspired geoius than it doesto my L€het dry transfei lettering (presstype). Tho typefacs is 10 point
inspired plagiarism (or, "Research and Development" in polite Helvstica medium. This product is available frodr suppliers of
circles). Bruce QuarTie's Naporeo,3 Canpaips in Min'ature E aohic ars naterials. The labels are sealed to Protect ihe lenering
provided the broad outline, while the rules tot Wenin$on's ivirir rtrreecoatsot acrytrcslossvamish, fo[owed by one or two
Vicrory, fion SPI, proved a wonderful sourc€ Jor developing the coals of Maite spray vamish before th€y are glued to the ba!€.
actual mechanicsof the game. I bonowed freely, and shamelgssly, Fleure oairtirq is dooe wilh oih. I fe€l the results wilh this dedium
from th€se sources, adapting and modifying to suit ny needs, ard iualfv the exr;a lim€ ud c:re involved.I pay much an€ntion lo
adding a wrinkle or two to easemy guilt. I endeavored to express ;kaniog. filing and sanding6gure5beforepriming:evenar lsdm.
the rules in a simpler format while naintaining their integrity. For moldins flah can ruin the best parni lob. Aner Pn-i ng. I
example, I liked the idea oI nodifying a unil's dovenent alowan@ underDtnt with Polv-s or Humbrot. I c.anoffer trothing ftw
by nationatcharaclenstic.aswell a5applrngthe usualreslricttons resardins the lecbrique of paintins with oils thal hasnl b€€n
and modificationsimoos€dfor renun andformation.But I f€k thai -tratural-
coveredin ov nurrbei of ani;les oo ihe subied.I prefer
aDplvinAa diff€renamolem€nt allowance for each and every finishes. that is. cloth is flat and metal or leather are not. When
ciieiorv ot tntantry. calalry or Anillery unit. while realistic. necessary, I will accentuate areas of a conpleted figure l'lth
would chatlengea nelnory expert. I therefore applied this rule oDly aDDroori;rePolv-S 6nisbes.I do r€commendfte use of oils
to Infantry, Cavalry, Horse- and Foot Artillery, regardlessoI twe. eiieaittv tor neit ana metal, and can offer the following hint: for
The rule system I have provided for Watetioo is generally 'eilly€fiicli'e brass.merelyru gold and s'lv€r oils utrtil you lik€
characterized by this desire for simpliciry. lhe result.
The developmenmt of this penonal concePt of the Waterloo
Canpaign is the sourc€ of great satisfaction. Every wargamer or Ground Texture on th€ basesis simulat€d with acrylic modeuing
figure painter knows the pleasute such a project provides The oasle.whrchdriesouicklv and produc€\a nicelvtexturedsurfac€'
figure bases so far conpleted for ware./oo made their debut al mis maLenalis woit<ediround the fisuresand Painl€d.6rst with
Historicor 'E7. The enthusiasm aDd interest which the figures washesof Polv-S Dark Earth. then Black, diluted in denatured
generated and rhe appreciatiof, shoM for my effort aie a source of alcohol. The surfac€ is then dry-brush€d with Eanh Yellow ard
impiration I will recall whenever I falter in my resolve to complete Whit€ in the usual mann€r. Greenery is Static grassapplied over a
the self-inposed assignementto produ@ - . . over 1200figures, on wash of thiMed white glue.
4a

FRONT RANKZ,r^**
NEW ARMY SETS
BUY AN ARMYSETAND SAVEAPPROX.IO%
Each ArDy Set contalo. wb.r€ posdble a mlx ofvadant ftgurc !|per, rnd comDand ftgures wfthln erch uDlt
25nm Af,MY SETS OIIILY 125.(X) P & P ftee U.K. ont!,
SEVENYEARS WAR - 25mm
SYW.ASI BrullSTI IN'A!'IIIY AND ABIIUTRY 9YW-TSSBruNSHCAVAI.RY SYW.AS5FNENCHINFAN'TYI ATiNUTRY
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SYW.AST PNUSSTANINFANIRY & AtrIIII.ERY SYTI,.^S3 PRUSSTANCAVALRY

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ENGIJSH CIVIL tltAR - 25mm
EClnASl ROYATTST
FOOT e) ECW{SS r4ALy PAA|IA||E|tIARTAN
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AIIERICANCNIL WAR- 25mn JACOBffi REBELITON- 25mm
ACW-ASI 2loi UNt.anXY ACC,-AS, 2iDD COmEDEaAtE Af,l|l IT.A5I GOVEAN'ENT AIIIY JIlnSlI JACOBITE'8IIY
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li5 Rdmft 3 r 12 fos Inhnry Reinar r \ 16 iss Fuib€r/GM.d6 A.rbtion 56s BassotsHUs Unf
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1I xa 2 !e !i*it
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Ca%ny 1, :!s 9"EttR€fudr I /
r r
l0 6c
16 aa,
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50 . M*d Flghhn&6

15oD ARII{Y SETS OmY €15.00

AI{E CAN CIVIL WAR - l5hD
ACASI l5@ UMON ARIIY AC.AS.| r5@ CONftDEnAtE ARXY
co.idrt!: ConidE
lldnied G€l@l Mdnkd 6€pr.l
2t R@gu&@ 2\ Sr@drboE g u n& @
2, 12ds CaElv Redft 2^1236 Cahn! R€d66r
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t , ?9 !s ?o.w EedtMr 4 / 20 fu3 htantv R€sndr
r\4bgr hbnny helmnr POSTAGE& PACKING
WARS OF TtlE ROSES- lSmm
urL sl Yoax[it ttiiY wn As2 r^l{c^gtf,laN Airfi SendS.A.E ld tu[ @tatosue
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t2
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 49

THE MODET BOX & HERoES

12 Wright Slreet, MINIATURES
Hull, ffi.
ft$\ z wAvERLEYPLAcE
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STARTERPACKS (POSTFREE)
Hull's PremierWarqames BODYCOUNT.................,.-........f ?.65p
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Our stockincludesthe CORPSCOMMANDER...............f 9.50p
followingranges: CORPS COMITTANDER(deluxe)... 112.75p
FIREPIGHT.....................-.........97.2sp
Citadel Grenadier & a full range cRIDIRON................................19.S5p
Minifiqs Dixonlvins. o{ modelkits, ACTION UNDER sAll(detrxe)....t?.25p
Essef Shrtrex paints&
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SUSSEXMINIATI'RES ]EAITT]L]E-C]RY
P.O. BOX 130. CRAWT,EY.W.SUSSjA. RHtl oYG
IEL:0293'542024 nfi.raglalrulR.lEs
New SKYWABRIOR1/300 aircraft
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USr2a Cessna 01 BlFo DDG D-evon,TQ3 8QE. Tel: 0803-55?649
WP1O6 YAK 36 FORGER

[20] A.giann€4E2001 For oualitvhand-sculpt€d terain for 2, 5, 10, 15 and

GBCo] Vickl€G Vis@lnl 2smrirscales.Also 25mm buildingswith lift-ofifirsl
1T204SavoiaSM7g'Cant100? Pl€as contact us foi av.il.bilily.
floor and roofs,specialisingin singleand doublestorey
stone and half-limberedbuildings:
More fine tigures ftom Examples
TIN SOLDIER 25mmsinoleslorevslone tl1
25mmsin6lestoreihalf-timbered t12
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slone 220
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15p l5Azll ouachiccgptain 15p
15p 15AZl2App.entjceWarior 2ftsquareplain
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15425EagleKnightCtprain 15p 15AZ14P.rs.nrwirh Maquahuitl 2ftsquarewithdvers € 8
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AzTEcS .B N.il.6l. ln 25mm Plus 25A2ia Asort d I'v..pons
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 .F Y.
'?*"""/it""9",* '

AREyO U HAV| LTy??t/,-'-fi"

NcD|FFICU flf if.€9
tliKPuR
yoursupplies
inobtaining of llinialures

if so,SORRY! WeIlit's lihe this,Wefortned.a newcotnpanytohond.leall ofDaueAllsop's

greatfi,gures,and.give himtimeto mnkemorefor your enjoyment.ThenMLR FIGURES
mnued.and,ils beenchristmasand.allthe
m.ailhasn'tcaughtup,and.ohGOD!
etc. . .

Pleasedon't despair,all ordersare beingdealt uith. By 1/2189wewill bebackto our

48hr turn round.for aII orders.I n themcantimeVEBYSORRY.

P .S.Loohoutfor a great newrangeof buildings, comingsoon.

ALL your enquiriesregard,ingHOTSPUR & MLR FIGURES shouldbe d,irected.

to:
. l7 OakfieldDrile. Upton-By-Chester
o ChesterCH2 lLG. 0244 379 399 .

SPECIOT
** SERVTCESIEVTEW rr
65p, Proportion and fom on borh
the pack horse and figule are firse Mercenary 9aintng service
class, giving an air of realisn

136 Eronpton Park, Belfast 14,

DIXON 25M SAT4URAI haxe this set an attractive adition N. Jreland
to the 1sm lange of Sahurai fron
Awailable lroh: Dixon Miniatules, Fainting on tbe 15m Ancients
studto ?, Spring crove Mi1ls, cavalry and foot ]acked sonewhat in
tinthwaite, Huddelsf iefd, SAlilD3 seated Sdulai Lord colou! giving a rather dalL
west YorLshire HD? sQG Tojrugawa leyasu rfth 2 stahdard appea!ancer although attention had
Bearers and 2 Rerainers - 99p been paiil to detail and rhe Ronan
sEc2 - sdulai Taiko (!i9 d!6)
,ith Asqigalu drlMe! - !1. ?5 A valu€ for noney set of figures ln Baslng, included in the pric€, adds
the 15m range rquiling the me.est
Proninent ahong the releases fron attention to triming of flashl of the othe! figures r eas asked
Dixon is an attractrve set in six t h € s e r e a I I Y n e € d l r t r l e coMent. to pass coment on, Napoleonic,
Pieces, including a very adequate suffice to sal th€y are wefl up to Marlburian and lrodern, it becane
textured base. cleanlY casr, all Dixon s high standaftt of clean cast clear that hore than one style is
the pieces fit toqether with ease. finely detailed figures. avaitabte from this painting
I,\tith Dixon!s usual artenrion to r i t h h i s c o r t e q-sanurai
e, thev Irhile the horses still
detail the cohpleted nodel woutd should qo dom ee11 lrth had an overalf dark appearance ,ith
nahe a .olourful addition to aly l{argmers and nak€ a colourful glet socks instead of uhite, the
Seurai Amy, or i.deed as rhe foot figures and cavalrynen uere
centr€ pie.e of a diolana. SM Painted clearty and brlghtly,
especially on the Naloleonic
This set conprrses ftve figures in
DIXON 15M SAMURAI a new langer reasonablY priced, Ths selvice has tro llices,
flon Dixon Miniatures. refeased on Aasi. and De]uxe. Foot at the
Available From: Dixon ulnaatures, the narliet in septenber/ocrober Easac lrice is 50p and aop for the
studio P, spribg Grove r4i11s, fast year. Each figure is in an delure. Cavalry at the basic price
Linthraite, H u d d e r s fi e t d , inaginarive pose and carryang a is 30p and t1.20 at the deluxe. I
west yorkshire HD7 5ec orrerenr keapon re.dy to assail lris prices ale for 15m
oPPonent, ror 15M figules they
SAII PH12 Pac,. Horser Tro Ba.rels are spfendidty detailed on faces, nention of siz€- Paynent is nade
and root liqures - 65p clothing and ueaponry. lith order and P & P is 15*.
One eould not cohplaih at this Delivert time accordinq to thei!
Anothe! of Dixon's shall sets in addition !o onejs price list is dependent o! ,o!k i!
15m, not unreasonably priced at
 51

ARGUABLYLONDON'SMOSTABUSIVE
WARGAMESSHOP!
GAMERS IN EXILE
PAINTED
FIGUBES/ARMIES
BOUGHT i--_-]
* 1 1T n t z
t--liN\
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ll I'l*N.
SOLD @nW: ttol t.oo..tu 3 \\
Tu6-S.t 10.00-6.15

COACH PARTIESBY APPOINTMENTONLY

283 PENTONVILLEROAD, LONDON Nl 9NP
Telephone:01'833 4971
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Ratml{iniatures
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IN6 BG% IN 3Ib

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For samples

Portage $?i,tnli"
"u."u,nworkshops,
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\
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Mail order add l0'l" postase.minimum3Op.maximum{2.50.

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52

Figures

**il6w Eleas€ln ofi poputar

25mmIURAIRAcET*
gr rc! trdr.-.i. -@ oE
rltr aclx,rr-.tr. -r
! Da d lrde. vrr |!ret.rd 6Er
t:6';iitft*aod 06 .dtu m E€ i€ it I'f
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614!*r-e!q csdBod Mars- @ of mR sho6 PH3 HoB tArdlei. @lo;m -
PHa HoB lAEh.i tuin'm
- 0d (0:din9 rr lEEd @ h erP PH5 Cat@hdd hoB. udriio
erioor&d PH6 PlumledEirphEd hoe-. roilinq
m 0! counryFamhau+- h bu rusr.!w1esdr sroe
Intanw l0o.Cavatry 20o
Pclas. A Pact'ng:UK& B.pO rdd 101 oi o6e': h,r'mum25o.Eu@ _
1AP.d of @r nq6 - Tih, snQmrer.Bu<rsmd1 Add 20% hin'rum 50p: csr or rhe Wodd- AdCa5% tr'nnim 50rj
Mrcry. d JlnqiD film a de@diE o!to6 Fo lr* I'st (tquEs 8 tora) he *mp'e s'guE $ft ra'!e SAEd 2 r tBCr !
4 BmH @rIfu i 5tEds bondudi aEuLar
bftr DEPI AP, 15 CFOMWELL ROAD, SIIAV..
tA c@r @lrsbm r 5oerhs bo., Hlh.noutarbnd itewei,si,dEixS.-nGi3-zTiliiii"='iliiinryy
aAsftbht valrse.tonr stEtdls bon
:a:_;6L!
q {ff @,d"'-Dee,dr{de"* U;l 1??
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Growingcompanies wltt find our ', pageadsa very
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 5.3

ESS EX M I N IATU R ES id8fl?iNaporeonics

THE FINESTOUALITY25mm MINIATURES
INFANTFY
AUSTRIAN/HUNGAFIAN AUSTRIAN/HUNGARIAN CAVALAY
Gener.lwirhhorse
H AHN21 lvtounred
C AHN2 Line iniant,y ofiicer A AHN22 Draooon AHC3
C AHN3 Line inlanrry srandardbearer c AHN23 Draioonofi,@r AHx2
C AHN4 Line infantrydruhmer C AHN24 DragoonSlandardBearer_AHX2
C AHN25 Draaoon Trumpere. AHX3
C AHN6 a AHN26 Lanc6rA - HX4
C AHNT Grenadierslandard beare. C AHN27 Lancer Oflic€r _AHX5
C AHN8 Grenadie, drudmer c AHN28 LancerSlandatdBearer AHx5
C AHN29 LancerTruopererAHX4
O Jaq€r kneelingtiring A AHN3O Huwssar AHX6
C AHN C AHN31 HussarOfticet- AHXT
C AHN C AHN32 HussarStsndardbearer- AHXT
C AHN33 HussarTrumpeler - AHX6
3 Lino infanrrvmn (Helmel)
C AHN 4 Line ant6nnyofiicer (Bicor.e) A AHN34 Clarassier AHX3
C AHN 5 Line intanrrystandardbearer(Helmel) C A H N 3 5 Cu(assrerOtl'ce. AHX2
C AHN 6 Line inlanry drummer (Helmed C AHN36 Cunassier SrandardAeare.
C AHN 7 Arrilleryman with rammer C AHN37 Cunassier Tr!mpeter- AHX3
C AHN 8 Anillerymanwnhhandspike AUSTFIAN NAPOLEONICHOFSES
C AHN 9 Arrilleryman with b3ll
C AHN2O Arrrllervman wnh linstock E AHX2 Cun6ss'eror DragoonOfiicers horse
E AHX3 or Dragoons horse
Cunassier
PRICECOOES E AHC4
A - 2 9 p S E N O S . A , EF, O R E AHXs Lancer Ofliceis horse
C 37p O U RF R E EI 9 A 9 € AHX6
E 45p E AHXT Hussar Otticer's horse
H - a o p CATALOGUE

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33D

MINIATURES Gw l2.mp
Olher @uiDnent oie@ Dd6 6 slaled I0% disunl on ordes ol 150.00
o, abo@. ljt 5dp
RUSSIANNAPOIEONIC CAVALRYTEIz.
RNC5 C@clt. Fu l-lat,Cha'sinq P@nai @[6 to 21, Shiion Sr. Me]rhaD, HuddsFffeld
BNCT ClEclq Clolh fiat, Chars:ns 9-00.h - 4.@Dh Mondav b Fndav
nNCS Coeck FieldCap,Charsns rel.O70622769 ae t^aa
RNC9 Cosack Offcer. Paked Fur Hal
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BNCI2 Dr.qoonTr@Per,Chargins RECENTNAPOT.EONICEQUIPMENTREIEASES
RNCI6 Ulh;n T@Der, Cha'sins E9 Ru$ian 10 pdr U@e
RNc20 LineChas:u a Chad T@Der charEnq
E10 RNian 20 pdr ucome
RUSSTANNAPOLEOMCINFANTRY 1612 Ell B6ian 12 DdrGm
RN47 MsketedAlta.ldAddc€ E12 Rusian LftitEr
Er3 Rusian AnDhboE SupplvWaspn t2.50p
BUSSIAN NAPOIEONIC INFANTBY I8O5 E14 Ru$ia' Suiolv sl€dqe f2.0op
Ers FPrch Hoi* TM leN Caisn !3.50P
RN4a MBkel€erAdandng Er6 FrenchFel AdilleryCoissn f3.50p
RN49 C{enadiaAd@ncins Er? Ruslan 6 pdr Gu
FRENCHNAPOLEONIC E1 PnFid timt€r
FNC29 Po[sbGutudLrncer, Full D65 Al R6t E19 PrGiar' 7 pdt Hosilzer
FNC33 GuardChagu a Ch@al,Full D6s Al R6l F20 Pru$ian6 pdr Gf
E21 PnE$d 12 pdr Gun
AUSTRIANNAPOTEOMCIEOs E22 Aueaid UDbq
INI Au*ian Infantyman,CasquetHelmetA.n/ancing F2:l Auslian 7 DdrH@itz€r
E24 A61rid 5p:.lrGun
NE\I' FIGTJREBELEASES 825 AusEian12 pdr Gu
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t ov" postage
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"#ffi' *r.*t"3f H;11j99#?.ff;,'"n"tr;1i:&9
oveas*.^ia.oo,*"* :*,f.#.'dSij6g+ !3500'
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 MATCHLOCK A|.UTWEI.I
]HE ATUI\,WETL
WANGATES
WARGAMESSOCIETY
MINIATURES WESTMIDI.ANDS
presentthe
MILITARYMODELLING
SHOW
26 ClifseoGmae,
Ieigh-onSea, SUNDAY
Essa,SS9INQ MARCH 12th
15mm
ENGUSH
CNILWARFOOT
REGIMENIS -
10.00 4.30p.m.
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!4.25 8t- at the
AI.UMWELLCENTRE,
FRIMI.EYAVENUE.
PNNIEDnEGIMENTS A.abdc(ubdsed).....-.....................
119.50
NearJ'10- M6
THEFIRSTCAVAIRYVARIANISNOWOUT_ Includingthe RegionalFinalsof the
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4|50
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gudn*adr pqiodfaglobeacqr.lelyihfln fon diginal$u@, AU,IN ManvMod€llinqClubDkDlavt
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Cateteria,LarqeBrinqand Buv,ExtendedBarHourt
RUT"ES& BOOKS Tradersinclude:
FOBLONNHOPE Paul& TeresaBailev,ErsexMiniatures
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tumyl6dforr,,3oolhdBigbattle lstrn Irclids..,,.-......-......,..,,
t3.25 W.E.HerrantLtd.;Heroes,TrafaloarModels
GUNPOWDERTAruMPHANT A. Dumelow,PioneerMiniatures;A5hBan(
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V€lyuell usbatedguideto th€lEpotu .-..-......,......,..,..,,._.........
!4.95 Mr P.K.Yates,166Sterndale
Road,
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ilac's illodels
f 58 Canongate, noyel tlle,
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25mmTHEWILDWEST o3t.55r 555r
AWl UsMarshall 28p
AW2 CMlianReading a paper 28p We calerlor the wargamer, militarymodeller,
& rotsptayer
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AW5 TheUndertaker 28o to namebuta few-
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AW7 Photographerwhh camera 40p
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Sendsae+ 30pin ttanpt for fu lisb

FRONTLINE
WARGAMING
Leicester'smobileservice
Aho avaiIabIe: NapoIeonic,Oi mean, A ncienf' Pony Wary (0s33)770012
Colonial,Ukingsetc MainLines:
Essex1smm,lrregular Mins.2, 6, 1smm
PosAgeUKEFPO121,4% oforder groundzerogames,scifi vehicles
OveBeasSuiace33%of otdeL Minimumt|.50 plusolhers
Ainhail 50%ofodeL Mininun f2.50 Enquiries forclubvisitsoutot
theLeicester areawelcome, Weareal
SoIe D isttibutot : USA/Ca
nada THEFOLEPLAYER
SIMTACINC,m AtEwan Rd., on LordBvronStreet.
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on Saturdays

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 55

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t*'sftgEEE;E
tl *:ae
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56

NORTHEAST
MILITAIRE
89 ANSCHLUSS
Saturday 4th March 1989 PUBLISHING
80m
nEzCtR 79 GODFBEY ROAD, SPIXWORAT4
NORWICH, NORFOLX
TeI (0600 890945
10-30to4-30
HOT EWS!l.lp:E 13in prog@ ol b.tng dprint.d *nh
t .td6.r rEl8ror rh. b.ttt downto bh. t.v.t. Nowboth
MINIATUFESWAFGAMING mrgam.6.id hl.lori$B wlll hd€ |n..t thiliw mr* to q66
lh.lr libEry .holi. wrtch our turu.. .d.ld dor. 3,
P.S. .n monlh comB rh. lo.c fl.I.d oubtie on ot th6 Ebb
.rd Fl* NePol6.ic rul6.
{Att r lhi! all orh.r ei. b@fi. r6dund..t!l
To 6mplm.n h. rur.. F .F about to |nr@dq6 pHc|.pacKs,
B4dy m.d. 6nn ,|tub./€t lom.|]m. r.on Divilton3 to corFll
s.nd sA€ lor lb|3. Y@ ron t 6. di..ppolnted - Anehtu$ .ow
- PLAY GAMES lbvidB tE conDt.t $di6.

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This month w6 list our %oothinfanrrv

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Ag Int nry s.ction

STARTERPACKS
GEiN'A BATNSH
S h e r m a n T s m m x 2S h € m a n 7 5 m m t 2
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Infanrrysetionx3 Inlanrrysdionx3 Infanlrysdionx3
AllStarterPackscostf5.50eachinc.p. & p
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Fora Cataloguesend a S.A.E.{Fora sampteanda
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CLASSIFIEDADVERTISEMENTS
KEEP WARGAMING
Pauland TeresaBailey
Ads should be accompmi€d by a chequenade payableto Strrtagem
PublicaaionsLtd.. lE hveN hne. Newrrk. Notts. NC2A rHZ.
The Keep Rrte: lsp pe. word. Minimum charge J2.m (Don't fo.get to sdd
Le MarchantBarracks,LondonRoad. l5% YAT!)
Wiltshire,SN102ER.UK
Devizes, SOLDItrR ALLOY, Easy melt, good detail, 4 kilos mak€s 260
Tel (0380)4558 g ei s. c o u nfto r l a r g e r q u d l i l i e ' .G .
2 5 m m f 7 . 0 0 p l u s 1 2 . a 0 p o s l aD
with GAMESINNOVATION vien.4 Barlon Creen. Banon Hill. Brislol.BS50As. Tel:
557165.
MILITARY BOOKSbought and sold. SAE for catalogue.Mike
Snith. Chelif€rBooks,Todd Close.Cunhwaite,Carlisle,CA7
SBE.Tel: 0228711388.
W,.shallb6ar rhe tollowlnSsh 30,m + SECONDHANDWARGAMf,SFIGURESalwaysin stock.
2athJan PlymouihOp€nDay Moslmanufactureis.
All scales. SAEfor liststo: A.J.Dumelow,70
EggBucklandSchool Bunon-on-Trent,
FerrySlreet,Stapenhill, Staffs.DE15gEY.Tel(
25lhFeb NewburyOpenoay (0283)30556.
NewburyColl€ge
26lh Feb TunbridgeWellsOpenoay MINIATURE WARGAMES (50 Issues).Army & Navy Mod-
St Gresory'sSchool,Soulhborough elworld(24Issuet 11.00€ach.Wargamen Nemletter(26Issues)
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Mtr 6ru.6r'q-anes A'l 15-T and nost 25mm dnses.Fo Padl-a.GrO
H e . o ( sa q o sf i s u ' 6 s& q o u n d w dM v ' n i a , u ' e-r. l l f i g u r € 1 3 _ 9 . s Books,9 Lord of theRings,3 Zulu war. AvalonHill - Frederick
D r o n M i n i a l u r c sA- l l 1 5 m m& 2 5 m mr a n € e s
Nawa. & Naismnh- 3€l6ct€drcnges.
the Great 19.00.54mmA.C-w. (81 Figuret - €.]6m Esci
pan-painted A.C.W.dndColonidli. Unpainred Vikes Models7
Books& Rul6 V.W.F ench( 128Frsure\, - ll0.tn. 25mmAncients. DarkAges.
Croup; Fa'm Publicarions: E-pi'e Gares Press:
MOo 6.Tes. TaDleropGames Newou-yqule.: Orp'.y M._ 6t Armi. Napoleonic. !anras'. PrinceAugu5rFanur' MouldsiArmoured
vanqlsro; p.,s seledeo rles I om rany or\ff pub isheb Dwane'.Svlve Eher. WoodElt es- f3.00each.for lrsrsends"/
T.rain & ModelBllldinqg 4 SSAEtoiDouglaswinto., 13ParkView,Markinch,Fife.KY?
, o v 6 l {sr e s i n rv' a i l l y M i l i r a r kv e \ i 1 r :
I n r o q r al el r a ' n j X & MT ' e e s H 68L, Scorland
Hardcov€r O€sionlcardl SLSScen'cProdu.ts
CLEARANCE10,000MODERNPERIOD.Skytrex%oothAfVs
For lull derailsor our
andAircrafi 25%Discounl.SAEfor listP&P10%, Fr€eov€r18.
ShopopenTues-Sat ll0.00am'6.00pm1. P.A. Heath,494ArleslonLaoe,Sinfin,Derby.DE2 3AA Tel:
vtSA and AccEss Acrepted 77391,2.
25nm NAP0LEONICARMIES. white metalAllied or French70
pieceArmies,includingInfantry,Cavalryand Artillery. Only
I15.75+ {1.00P&Peach, or 2forf30 + 12.00P&P. G. Robins,693
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 ABBOTTS MINIAilURES
25rnrn G.J.M.FIGURINES
Napoleonlc Naval Landing Pardes and Martnes Warsan6 Fiqur6 paint€dro @ll€doE sbnd..d,
snm lo 30hm.5mm srmDlof6€ with SAEor slRcs
Royal Naw 88 Shi.6Cod rwooda,kol For$oole 15mmFoursand lis e.nd fr.5o
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M.M,
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Br0 R.rini Rmina thrt smm. sr€c'si'tv Ti.rdn.: 053+2oll5 tahn
83 Raird Adandi - BIl Rar; FnM rN. Hdr
Bl Radd 8lnnim BU lranni Sh;dm Fdo-
85 Bntui Shrdiii Fne 813 M.dm Loadm- AGE OI SAIL MINIATIIRES. Triton & othervesselsaslembled.
86 Pati.o FtrinqUo[4 6u paiDred& riggedar reasonable prices.ConracrJobn Laingai
PortageMi atures,Unit 8, MillgateMuseumWorkshops,Newdk
A! 6g!G 32p 6cn dG r0% dip (1,1n3Op)U.K NG244TS.
h S.AE to:
ABAOTIS MIMATURES,5:l Hapes Ro64 ffod E'a lcl 2Nl. BUGLE& MUSKETPainring SeNice.Vert lushsrandard orsork.
fo! !p ro <Li. [5i o{ Naval Frgtc dd tr l,.rs€ ZULU WAA ra|g€.
Ax suesandperiods. Forsample \end.CL 50.sraringsizeandpenod
lrd@ Stodd.ir Ga|lE in Exile ard hdd ME5t6 requledro:BugleandMusk€r.I48ValleyCres.e;r.wrcmiorp€,
wakefield.WF2OND.Yorkshire
PAINTED WARGAMFJ ARMIT,S. Wi split - all scalesand QUALITY PATNIING SER!'ICD. A1I worK undenaken. see
periods.Part €xchangepossible-Also framedmilitary pnnts. Tel: Military Modeling Feudallvarlar€ Supplemenr (Nov.88)for
Rob 0l-800 9883after 6 pm. standardot work. Allo PracricdWarsamerWinter 88/89.For
"AIRIIX"-ESCI-ATIAI\aTIC-Tnbute Revo-2otrtnFicures d€tailssendSAEor nng: ..Sp€cialrorcC., l0 LudwickMews,New
A.F.v.- KirsandFlagsl(Plus Helicopters:).
Anc'€nt Medieval - Cross.London.SEl 4NF.Tel: 01,6928587
A.W.I. - Napoleonic- Cnmean A.C.W. - Wild West- Zulu WARPAINTPROI.ESSIONAL PAINTINGSERVICEaII scale{at
Foreign Irgion - W.W.I. - W.W.II Modem! Also Airfix competitivepricesto collector'sslandards.SAE for samDleand
CollectoNKit! available.Tel: 02717757 after 2 Dmor sendSAE pricelist to: Mr D. Stringlellow,106WoodlandsRoad,Har;sfinch,
plus6 \ l9p slampsro: A. Peddle.-Sunnyme;d',4 Braunron St. Helens.Mersevside. WAl1 gAG.
Road,Bamstaple, N. Devon,E)(3l 1JY. P
BRITISI{ AND RUSSIAN tA.o MODERN ARMIES, contains SendSAE or two lRCs for pri€e list .o: D. Seasove,The Irst
Infantry Amour andAncraft Unpainted.Both for 125.Tel: 0622 D€tail, lob ParlaunrRoad.Laneley.Slouah,berkshire,SL]
65W. aAz
lsmm FANTASY. 110 TTG Dwanes. Tin Soldier Orcs: 30 cl,uBs & socrETrfs
Infantry, 15 Wolf rideis, 4 Chariots,40+ Humans,plus wizards, WARGAMTNGIN TIIE GRAND MANNBR. The REIGATE
giants,ogres,etc.We[ paintedandbaled 150.00.Also SPI'war rsm€yr WARGAMES GROUP6ghrtaraeNaDoteonic banteslo
ofthe Ring'Boardgane -f15.00. R. Bowes,51CanbenaDrive, CilderRules (2s& l5mmr.we alsoptay Ancie;r,ACwaodorher
Bufford, Salisbury,SP49JP.T€l: (0980)333715731. penodson SundayaJremoonfo.tnighrly.Recrurring trow and
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PLAY.BY-MAIL WOLTTRHAMPTONWARGAMFJ CLUB are lookm! ror new
membea.w€ hale a largeclubroom.approximarely t5-0sq.fr.of
DIPLOMACYBY POST.Fn$ gameper playerfree Gtampaonly). rerrarnararrabte andmeeteverySalurdavaftemoon.Tet: (0902)
Pan filled gameswaiting to start. Send SSAE to Umpire, 44 741063
SoutbwalRoad,Deal,Kenl, CTI4 9OA.
MANSFIELDWARGAMFSCLI]B. At theclubt recentA. c.M. a
newcotrrmitreewaselected.The Chairnanis S. Metherinsham.44
MainStrel. Blid*onh. Notr(ud rheSecr€lary is M. M;rhering-
SUBERBLY PAINTED lsnm A.RMIF,S.Russian
ham.55ChurchLatre.SourhWinsfi€td,Derbv The Ctubmeeis
Spanish, Bdtish, French, Prussian, Neapolilan:
Ajghan lolh Cenrury. Ma-{imiilian Adventure
everyWedne5day eveningat ?.00pm, ar Sr. r-awrence.s Church
Alano Period Mexicans atrd Texds, Seven Yean
Hai. Pecks Hljl. Mansfieldandcjier tor alt type!ot wargaEing
War. AncienrGreeks.Forcomplerelis6 qire wirh
SAE or ring for appointment 0689 20115(24 hrs) FORTIICOMINGEI'ENTS
G J M Figurines, 24 Ch€lsfield Mews, Stanton SUNDAY.FEBRIARY tqlh. tecture Roomr.Southend Cennal
Close, Orpington, Kent, BRi 4RN. LrbBry.sourhend-on Sea.Fse\ 4.15ro j.j0. Toprcs wil inctude:
FlagsandStandardsiFool Dr;ll;Cavatryorganisatjd
-Westemandtadis; The
ScotsarmiesiFortificarioniAnilleryrThe ames.
WANfiD
PAJNTTDWARGAMESIIGURFS, 25mh, 15mm,1200.Micro- Costis !10.00whichwill includelunchandrefreshments.
Wrile to PanizanPr€$ for morederailsor phone070273986.
armour,Fantasyetc. Tel: Al€x 01-52085m after 6 pn.
URGENTLY WANTED. NA.POLEOMC l5mm IJNPA]NTTD NORTH FARNBoROUGI{ WARGAMFJ SOCIETy wil be
Mll{IrIGS AND BATTLE HONOtglS. Napol€onicBook. No holdingits annualconventiondayat the CotrllnuniryC€ntre,EIes
quantity too large or srnal. Sendlists to: 192 York Road, Road.Famborough. Hmpshire on Sarurday.tirh June 1989.
Harlescott,Shrewsbury,Shropdhne. lbere wrll be demonsrrarion and paniciparioD gamesplus a
paioringcompebrion. Th€ pubt'cwilib€ ad;irred 6om 10:00hjs
and refreshmentsde availible rhroughoutthe day.
SDRYICf,S S-A.LLTE'E9 {CANADAT wi[ bebeldon April2l,22 & 23,lc89ar
MIKES MASTERS offers a figure painring s€rvice for rhe the BestWe\rernKings Inn. 5411Kiotsway.Bumaby,8.C..
warganer.5mm-20mm. qualiryandperfe$ioo..lheyhaveto be Canada. Salute'E9will fearuerable-rop riinraiures.
boardgaming
seento be believed',for turther detailsandsarnplefigure send€1 and fanrasyrole-playing. Also threeromamentsi 7rh Edirio;
to: 10 Northunb€rland Crescent,Southendd-Sea; EssexSS1 l5mm Ancients.Squadkad€r & Dungeons& Dragons.A
2XA. paintingcnmperirionlsa[o included. along;ithTmdeslan-ds atrda
swapneer.Detaik:Crnvenrioo Direcror.BarryKemp.Salut€'89.
MOONDUSTENTERPRJSES. Painting& mail orderserice. For 5850RunbleStreet,Bumabv,B.C., Canada.V5J2iC4
detailssendSAE or IRC to 39 cilpin Road, Ne$,ronAycliffe,
Durham.DU 5EQor phone03253l0ll5. SEE T{'T16FOR A FIJLLER LIST OF EARLJ T989 E!T]\TS

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