JULY 8 MSE212 THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS II

FINAL
2020 Show every step of your work clearly !
EXAM

1) Use the following information to:

a) label all the equilibrium lines on the Ellingham
plot with their respective reactions,
b) calculate 𝑃𝑂2 (𝑒𝑞) , 𝑃𝐶𝑂2 (𝑒𝑞) and 𝑃𝐶𝑂 (𝑒𝑞) values at
1500 𝐾 for the gasses in equilibrium with the
pure 𝑀𝑛(𝑠) and 𝑀𝑛𝑂(𝑠),
c) determine if the reduction of 𝑀𝑛𝑂(𝑠) at 1500 𝐾
is spontaneous when 𝑃𝑂2 is adjusted to
0.21 𝑎𝑡𝑚.
% 16

2𝐶(𝑠) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) = 2𝐶𝑂(𝑔)

∆𝐺 𝑜 = −223425 − 175.3 𝑇 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐶(𝑠) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) = 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔)

∆𝐺 𝑜 = −394133 − 0.837 𝑇 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

2𝑀𝑛(𝑠) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) = 2𝑀𝑛𝑂(𝑠)

∆𝐺 𝑜 = −769437 + 145.6 𝑇 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

2) The relative integral volume of mixing values for the liquid 𝑁𝑎 − 𝐶𝑠 alloys at 110 ℃ can be calculated
according to the following equation.
2 3 4
∆𝑉 𝑚 = −11.2𝑥𝑁𝑎 + 9.4𝑥𝑁𝑎 + 4.8𝑥𝑁𝑎 − 3𝑥𝑁𝑎 𝑐𝑚3 . 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

Use this analytical description to calculate ∆𝑉 𝑚 when 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 of molten 𝐶𝑠 at 110 ℃ is added
isothermally into the 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 of liquid 𝑁𝑎 − 𝐶𝑠 alloy with 𝑋𝐶𝑠 = 0.8. % 16

3) The thermodynamic properties for the liquid 𝐴𝑙 − 𝑀𝑔 alloy at 1073 𝐾 are presented in the following
Table.
𝑋𝑀𝑔 𝑎𝑀𝑔 𝑎𝐴𝑙 ∆𝐻 ̅𝑀𝑔 (𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑜𝑙) ∆𝐻̅𝐴𝑙 (𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑜𝑙)

0.5825 0.5176 0.4115 −38.2 −654

Use the data given above to complete the following Table. % 16

𝑇 = 1073 𝐾
𝑋𝑀𝑔 ∆𝐺 𝑚 ( 𝑐𝑎𝑙⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) ∆𝐻 𝑚 ( 𝑐𝑎𝑙⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) ∆𝑆 𝑚 ( 𝑐𝑎𝑙⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 )
0.5825 ? ? ?
4) The excess Gibbs free energy for the 𝐴𝑙 − 𝐼𝑛 liquid phase relative to pure 𝐴𝑙(𝐿) and pure 𝐼𝑛(𝐿) is
expressed using the Redlich-Kister polynomial as:
𝑛

∆𝐺 𝑥𝑠 = 𝑥𝐴𝑙 𝑥𝐼𝑛 ∑ 𝑣𝐿𝐴𝑙,𝐼𝑛 (𝑥𝐴𝑙 − 𝑥𝐼𝑛 )𝑣

𝑣=0

The binary interaction terms ( 𝑣𝐿𝐴𝑙,𝐼𝑛 ) at 1000 𝐾 are given in the table below.

Phase Interaction Terms (𝐽. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 )

0
𝐿𝐴𝑙,𝐼𝑛 = 20054
Liquid 1
𝐿𝐴𝑙,𝐼𝑛 = 3370

Use the information provided to write the equations of ∆𝐺 𝑚 and 𝛺 for the liquid phase at 1000 𝐾.
Determine whether the behavior of the liquid phase is sub-regular or not. % 20

5) The Gibbs energy curves for the two phases (i.e.

𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 and ℎ𝑐𝑝_𝐴3) in the 𝑀𝑔 − 𝑀𝑛 binary system
at 1578.15 𝐾 are given in the figure with respect to
pure 𝑀𝑔(𝑙) and 𝑀𝑛(𝑙). Use this figure to determine
approximately the following:
𝑜,𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑜,𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑜,ℎ𝑐𝑝_𝐴3
a) 𝐺𝑀𝑔 , 𝐺𝑀𝑛 and 𝐺𝑀𝑛 at 1578.15 𝐾,
𝑜
b) ∆𝐺𝑀𝑛 for 𝑀𝑛(ℎ𝑐𝑝) → 𝑀𝑛(𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑) phase
change at 1578.15 𝐾,
c) ∆𝐺 𝑚 when the 0.4𝑀𝑔(𝐿) + 0.6𝑀𝑛(𝐿) mixture
reaches equilibrium at 1578.15 𝐾,
d) 𝐺𝑀𝑔̅ 𝑚,𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 for the liquid phase with 𝑋𝑀𝑛 = 0.3 at
1578.15 𝐾.
% 16

6) Liquid magnetite (𝐹𝑒3 𝑂4 (𝐿)) dissolved in the liquid iron solution at 1500 ℃ is in equilibrium with pure
solid magnetite at the same temperature. Use the given data below to calculate the activity of magnetite
in the liquid solution at 1500 ℃. % 16
𝑜 (𝐹𝑒 −1
At its normal melting point of 1597 ℃ : ∆𝐻𝑆→𝐿 3 𝑂4 ) = 33000 𝑐𝑎𝑙. 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Hint : 𝐹𝑒3 𝑂4 (𝑆) ⇆ 𝐹𝑒3 𝑂4 (𝐿)