Chapter 21: Fans = 713 and velocity head or velocity pressure at the fan discharge = 10% of velocity head at outlet O.1 Hy = 0.1 x 53.2 = 5:32 mm of water ‘Now applying Bernoulli's equation to fan inlet and outlet, we have Total pressure at fan inlet + Total pressure developed by impeller = Losses + Total pressure at fan outlet Since the total pressure at the fan inlet is zero and the total pressure at the fan outlet ( py) is the sum of static pressure at fan outlet or fan static pressure ( psy) and the velocity pressure at fan outlet, therefore 0+ 110 = 37.24 + pg + 5.32 = 110 ~37.24 ~ 5.32 = 67.44 mm of water Ans. 21.11 TERS pasa of a Centrifugal Fan The specific speed of a centrifugal fan is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar fan which would deliver 1 m? of air per second against a head of 1 m of air. It is usually denoted by Ng Let @ = Total quantity of air flowing through the fan, D = Diameter of impeller, b = Width of impeller, V, = Velocity of flow, N = Speed of impeller, and H = Head developed by the fan. We know that Q=nDbv, o Q«Dbv, @ Also Deb Ga + From equations (i) and (i), Q = DV, +++ (iii) ‘We also know that blade velocity or tangential velocity of the impeller, DN ‘ vy s or V,% DN wn (iv) Also Vi Vp eve ~~ From equations (iv) and (v), bv ip a oo eo ‘Substituting the value of D in equation (ii), we have mn Q« oy or ons iD 2 (Vy VY KH)? ; - 3 .. (vil) where K is constant of proportionality. According to the definition, if = 1 ms and H = 1 m, then N=No, Substituting these values in equation (vii), we have Kx? (Ns) 1 or K=(N?714 @ A Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning ‘Now from equation (vii), (Ng) a)? nfo on Oe 21.12 Fan Similarity Laws The two fans are said to be geometrically similar when all of their wheel dimensions have the same proportionate ratios. For any series of geometrically similar fans and for any point on their characteristic curves, the following fan laws hold : 1. The volume flow rate or capacity (Q ) of a fan is directly proportional to the fan speed (W) and cube of the impeller diameter (D). In other words Q« N«D* on 2 _ 2 o NOM Oy ~ ay It may also be written as 2 _& ND) = WD, Constant where suffix 1 represents the actual fan and suffix 2 represents the geometrically similar fan. 2. The total pressure developed by a fan (pp) is directly proportional to the square of the fan speed (N), square of the impeller diameter (D*), and density of the air (p, ). In other words, Pre © N2 =D? «9, on Pm | Pm yg Pm _ Pm My? > (N)* Dy ~ (DY Also Pm _ Pm Pa Par Tt may also be written as Sn om (WP Oy Pa = WD pa ott ‘This is also applicable to fan static pressure ( pgp) and fan velocity pressure ( p,p)- ‘We know that the total pressure developed by the fan, Pre = Poll where H is the total head developed by the fan, © GD Par (M2)7Ds)"Paa DY? ~ (QDs) 2 ‘The power (P ) of a fan is directly proportional to the cube of the fan speed (N°), fifth power of the impeller diameter (D *) and density of the air (p,). In other words, P & N3 « D5 p, = Constant AL. AL. ar ay ™ OF" OFChapter 21: Fans = 745 A PB Also oat Par Paz It may also be written as —A_ (MYD)°Par—— (N2)* (D3) Par 4. The efficiency (n) is constant. In other words, thy = y= Constant Example. 21.3. A fan for the ventilation plant is to be exported to an area where the air density is 0.96 kg /'m* and is scheduled to deliver 6 m*/s against a static pressure of 50 mm of water, with a static efficiency of 65 per cent. If it is driven by a constant speed motor, calculate the static pressure and shaft power in the maker's works where the air density is 1.2 kg/m’. Solution. Given : p, = 0.96 kg/m? ; Q, = 6 m/s ; pgp, = 50 mm of water ; Ns = 65% = 0.65; p= 1.2kg/m? = Constant Static pressure in the maker's works Let Pan = Static pressure in the maker's works. We know that fo _ Pom PL Pe 12 5 Poe cae Pars = Pans PA = 50% G35 = 62.5 mm of water 62.5 x 9.81 = 613 N/m? Ans. + 1 mm of water = 9.81 Nim") Shaft power in the maker's works Since the speed (N ) and diameter of impeller (D ) is constant, therefore from the relation QB __® N,(D,)° ~N,(D,)°” ‘We know that static fan air power, Pig = OX Pop = 6 x 613 = 3678 N-m/s or W we get Q, = Q, = 6 miss 1 N-m/s = 1 W) < Shaft power in the maker’s works, Pag _ 3678 Pay = TH = Gigs = 5660 W = 5.66 KW Ans. Example 21.4. A fan of diameter 0.7 m running at 1500 rp.m. delivers 140 m'fmin of air at 15°C against 75 mm of water of total pressure when its total efficiency is 86 per cemt. Determine the volume of air delivered, total pressure developed and power consumed, if (a) the air temperature is 50°C, (b) the air temperature is 50°C and the fan speed is increased t0 1700 rp.m., and (c) the conditions are same as in (b) but a 0.6 m diameter, geometrically similar fast is weed. Solution. Given : D, = 0.7 m ; N, = 1500 rp.m ; Q, = 140 or Isc; Prp, = 75 mm of water ;716 m A Textbook of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning First of all, let us find the ratio of the densities at temperatures 15°C and 50°C. Let Pay = Density of air at 15°C, and Pag = Density of air at 50°C. ‘We know that for the constant barometric pressure, the density of air at 50°C, _ . (2B+H Pa = Pal rsee Pa _ 273+, _ 273+50 Poo 27348, 273415 (a) Volume of air delivered, total pressure developed and power consumed when the air temperature is 50°C Let Q, = Volume of air delivered, Pre = Total pressure developed, and P, = Power consumed. ‘We know that 8% __& N\(D)° ~ N3(D,)* ‘Since there is no change in speed or diameter, therefore = Q, = 140 m/min Ans. Ne Pri _ Pat iow = Pre Paz Par Prev = Pre x 282 ee at = 15x 7 a = 67 mm of water Inine centrifugal fans. = 67 x 9.81 = 657.3 Nim? Ans. ‘We know that power consumed, ’% 2, Pra X i = 140 x 657.3 x a = 107.002 N-m/min = 107 002 / 60 = 1783.4 W Ans. () Volume of air delivered, total pressure developed and power consumed when air temperature is 50°C and speed is increased to 1700 rp.m. Let Q, = Volume of air delivered, Prr3 = Total pressure developed, P, = Power consumed, and N, = Increased speed = 1700 p.m. (Given ) ‘We know that Q = a a. Ns 1700 Qs = Q, x2 = 140x—— = 158.7 m/min Ans. Ny 1500 .. (Here N, = N,) Pres. N = om ~ Cs ; Ny 1700 = =| =67/——| = a Pres = Pree ) (3) 86 mm of water Ans.Chapter 21: Fans m 717 and y= 1793.4(12)° - as06 w x, | 717 4las00) = ADE: (©) Volume of air delivered, total pressure developed and power consumed for the conditions as in (b) and when diameter is 0.6 m Let = Volume of air delivered, = Total pressure developed, = Power consumed, and = New impeller diameter = 0.6 m = + (Given) We know that ’ 06) Q, = of 24) = 158.7 ($$) = 99,94 m/min Ans. .. (Here D, = D)) Now and 21.13 Fan and System Characteristic ‘We have already discussed that all of the duct work elements such as elbows, tees, registers, dampers etc., offer resistance to the flow of air and cause loss in pressure. The change in pressure loss or resistance with the change in flow rate is called system characteristic. Any air- conditioning or ventilating system that has a duct work, heating and cooling coils, dampers, registers etc. has a definite system characteristic. The system characteristic is independent of the fan used in that system. We have seen in the previous chapter that the system resistance or pressure loss of any fixed system varies as the square of the flow rate, ie. R or p, = KQ? © be Volume delivered» If the resistance of a system is plotted Volume flow rate (@) —> against the varying amounts of flow rates, a Fig. 21.10. Fan and system characteristic.