Assessment 1

Study Questions
1. Why is it necessary to recognize basic procedures in the laboratory?

Any laboratory is equipped with hazardous and fragile materials that are needed to care and
safety measures when handling therefore it is a must to have a list of rules to follow.
Alongside /the teacher’s guidance, knowing these basic procedures would allow students to be
reminded of the possible harmful effects of mishandling and not going with the right
procedures when using the laboratory.

2. Choose one basic laboratory procedure and provide reason/s why it must be observed.

Observing cleanliness. Being able to practice proper cleanliness inside a laboratory means
knowing the possible consequences that may arrive when there is a failure in doing so.
Chemicals and residues that are left uncleared before conducting an activity can cause a lot of
inaccuracy, also a failure with the said activity. Worst, it could lead to a greater accident like
fire. Cleanliness also comes with proper categorization among the apparatuses to avoid
confusion with the materials and achieve an organization within the area.

3. Provide specific example/s of how do you apply 5S in the laboratory.

As a student, to promote a systemized way of using the laboratory I could apply the 5S by
Seiri (sort), assessing myself and listing all the things I need for the specific experiment for the
day/week then pick out the apparatuses that I won’t be needing. The second is to categorize
the needed materials by putting indications to them or putting them in specific storage e.g.,
labeled storage area for most used and rarely used. It can be also done by arranging the
materials according to their usage, size, or frequency of usage. With the help of a teacher, I
can implement the Seiso by pin-posting a clean picture of the laboratory on the wall just
before the door to remind us, students, what a laboratory should look like before leaving. I
would also prefer that
each student must be assigned to a specific station to clean, this would give us accountability
if something would go wrong. A checklist of chores will also be effective. Finally, the
teacher's assessment of every student’s task is crucial for us to learn and serve as motivation in
doing our tasks.
Assessment 2
Complete the Table
Use/ Function Apparatus (Enumerate as many as you can)

Micropipette
Pipette in general
Transferring Liquids
Pipette with pump
Funnels in general

Electronic balance
Measuring Weight or Mass Triple Beam Balance
Weigh boat
Beakers
Flasks (volumetric, Erlenmeyer)
Measuring Volumes of Liquids Buret
Pipette
Graduated Cylinder
Thermometer
Measuring Temperature Langmuir Probe
Resistance Temperature Detector
Brushes
Cleaning & Washing Wash bottles

Test tube holder

Burette clamp
Holding Apparatus
Crucible tong
Ring Clamp
Bunsen burner
Beakers
Hot Plate
Laboratory Oven
Laboratory Incubator
Heating
Heat Guns
Florence flasks
Hot plate
Meker burner
Test tube rack

Filtration Buchner funnels

 Separatory funnels
Absorbents
Storage Test tubes
Erlenmeyer Flask
Assessment 3
Worksheet 2.1 Soil Sampling Information Sheet

Name of Farmer: Marinel Leonen Mailing Address: Urzadan, Suyo, Ilocos Sur

Date of Sampling: September 24, 2021 Date Submitted: October 9, 2021

Location of Farm: Urzadan, Suyo, Ilocos Sur

Field Identification

Tenant/worker: Jamandre Rosqueta Area Represented 1 hectare/s

Topography: / Plain Previous Crops: Rice

___ Rolling String Beans
___ Hilly
Fertilizers applied to Lime applied
previous crops: NPK fertilizer (date and N/A
amount):
Other previous Legion Insecticide for the Rice Crop variety to be
treatments: fertilized:
Time to be planted or the Usually by June or May (they didn’t Water source: Irrigated /____
age of plants: plant this year, they plant every after a year)) Rainfed ____________

Yield (ordinary years): 6 months Location of __Bottom land __Knoll

landscape: __Low plain __Side
Slope (Gradient): Color Surface soil:
Other layers:
Analysis desired: __pH Depth: Surface soil:
__Cation exchange Soil solum:
capacity (CEC) Other identified layers:
__Organic Matter
__Exchangeable Calcium
__Available potassium
__Magnesium
__Particle size
distribution
__Micronutrient (specify)
__Bulk density
__Moisture content
__Particle density
__Others (specify)
Study Questions
1. Why are soil samples collected away from fences, roads, etc?

Some areas’ soil such as fences, near the roads, prone to landslide areas where natural
disturbances s are being done might not represent the soil where the crop will be planted. This
would cause problems and confusion in determining the soil’s capability for planting.

2. What is the relevance of soil sampling in fertility management?

For an effective, adequate, and assurance for a healthy yield, a soil sampling needs to be done
especially when the target yield is expected to be sold in the market. By knowing the deficient
and present minerals and nutrients, a farmer would be able to apply the right amount of
fertilizer in the soil avoiding unnecessary unfortunate events such as leaching and insufficient
amount of nutrients in the soil. This could also save a lot when it comes to the capital allotted
by the farmer.

3. Why are soil samples required to be air-dried and not sun-dried?

Air-drying is a softer approach to dry the acquired sample without worrying that ultraviolet
rays from the sun could fasten the degradation of some organic compounds or allowing a
faster reaction of compounds that possibly could affect the analysis.

4. Why is it necessary to sieve soil samples using a 2mm sieve?

Agricultural soil is known as a 2 mm particle, larger particles could be identified as sand or
gravel. In soil sampling, fine earth or 2 mm particle soil must be the one to be analyzed
therefore usage of a 2 mm sieve is advisable.

5. Differentiate surface sampling from profile sampling?

Surface sampling is done to be informed about the nutrient, chemical, physical, and biological
composition of a specific area. From its name, a “shallow” or surface-level soil is being taken
from the area to be examined while profile sampling requires a deeper depth of soil to be
withdrawn to be able to perform the needed analysis. In this case (in the agricultural field), the
objective is to take a sample of the assumed plant availability of soil mobile nutrients.

6. What did you feel about conducting soil sampling on the farm?
Conducting soil sampling is like examining land through a microscope. Proper orientation and
taking measures before performing the sampling must be done and the right materials of
equipment to be used must be taken into consideration too. It also made me realized that non-
 productive soil has the chance to turn into one, it only takes the right amount of treatment and
time.
Worksheet 3.1. Identify minerals
Instructions: Given the following properties, identify the mineral. (Mineral identification
reference material is attached)
Property Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3

Color Usually white but Clear, white, gray, Black to steel-gray

also colorless, gray, purple, to silver; red to
red, green, blue, yellow, reddish brown to
yellow, brown, brown, black, pink, black
orange green, red
Cleavage Rhombohedral, 3 None None
directions
Fracture None Conchoidal Uneven

Luster Vitreous Vitreous Metallic,

submetallic, earthy
Streak White White Red to
reddish brown
Hardness 3 7 5-6

Reaction t Reactive, fast Non-Reactive Non-Reactive

acid o
Specific 2.7 2.6-2.7 4.9 - 5.3
gravity
Mineral name CALCITE QUARTZ HEMATITE

Worksheet 3.2. Identify rocks

Instructions: Collect 3 different rocks you would like to identify. Determine the properties of
these rocks by observation and performing tests. Specific gravity test is optional. (Rock
identification reference materials is attached)
Property Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3
Color _______________ ______________
________________
_
Cleavage none none rhombohedral, 3
Fracture uneven uneven even
Luster vitreous, pearly vitreous, dull with some sub-metallic
pearly parts
Streak white dark white
 Hardness 1 3 3
Reaction to acid
Rock Name
Rock Group ________________ _______________
________________ _ _
Other physical
properties
(foliated, porous,
multicolored,
magnetic, etc.)
Essay Quiz
Instruction: Correctly and briefly answer the following questions.

1. In what general ways are the minerals: orthoclase feldspar, plagioclase feldspar,
and micas important to the soil?

Clay minerals are the product of the family of feldspar minerals and micas when
weathered. Clay is one of the most important components of well-performing soil, this
promotes water and nutrient retention in soil.

2. What plant nutrients are carried by hornblende and augite?

Both hornblende and augite almost contain the same plant nutrients, and these are
magnesium, oxygen, sodium, iron, oxygen, calcium, aluminum, and silicon.

3. Write the chemical reaction that takes place when an acid is placed on calcite or
calcareous soil?

CaC O 3 + HCl→ CaC l 2+C O 2+ H 2 O

The Calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid reaction.

4. Which would weather faster, a fine-grained or coarse-grained rock? Why?

Coarse-grained rocks are composed of loosely packed large grain components, which
also explains their texture while fine-grained rocks have more finer and compacted
components which makes them harder to degrade than coarse-grained rocks. Physical
weathering also takes place easier than chemical weathering where coarse-grained rocks
are more subjected to degrade in this process while fine-grained can be degraded through
chemical reactions but less likely in physical weathering. This shows that coarse-grained
rocks weather faster.

5. What kind of soil would develop from quartzite or sandstone? State some of the
management problems of the resulting soil.
 Quartzite, a 90% quartz has a high resistance to weathering due to the intense heat and
pressure during the process of metamorphism which in turn produces sandy soils when
degraded. Sandy soils are grainy which meant it has larger particles than the usual ones.
This allows the soil to drain and cause leaching easily which is not good for growing
plants. Due to this quality of sandy soil (sand is known to have a small surface area that
results in an inability to absorb nutrients well), plant roots cannot properly absorb water
even nutrients and organic matter. This type of soil cannot support microorganisms that
are vital in growing plants and making the soil healthy.

6. When and where did you identify rocks and minerals?

Before October, I gathered my specimens in three different spots around our area. Two
came from different locations of the river, one came from a river nearby a cliff. My last
specimen which I happened to look around our house. I intentionally gathered my
specimens in different locations just to see if there are significant differences.