1

6
TEST AND MEASUREMENT
IN SPORTS
"'lf '] have a reason to do somethinB, and '1 liave enoUB!i _passion, '18eneraffy succeed."
- Leander Paes

MOTOR FITNESS TEST 5. Push ups (Boys)

6. Modified push ups (Girls)
Meaning of Motor Fitness 7. Standing broad jump
Motor fitness is a term that describes an athlete's 8. Agility - 4 x 10 m Shuttle run
ability to perform effectively during sports or other
physical activity. An athlete's motor fitness is a 50 m Standing Start or Dash
combination of five different components, each of Purpose: To measure speed.
which is essential for high levels of performance.
Motor fitness or motor physical fitness refers to Procedure: The student is asked to run 50 metres
how an athlete can perform at her/his sport and and the time taken is recorded as the score in
involves a mixture of the five components - agility, seconds to the nearest tenth of a second. The time
coordination, balance, power and reaction time. taken is the amount of time between the starter's
Initially known as AAPHER (AAHPER) or signal and the instant the student crosses the
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education finish line.
and Recreation, it is now called AAPHERD, i.e.
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education,
Figure 6.1 50 m
Recreation and Dance. Its motor fitness tests have
Standing start
been the predominant parameters for measuring
motor fitness in American school children for
more than 50 years. The first version of this test was
published in 1958 and has been revised a couple of
times. In 1976 the final test manual was prepared 600 m Run/Walk
which included six items in the test battery: Purpose: To measure endurance.
Procedure: The subject is asked to run or walk for
Motor Fitness Test Items a distance of 600 m from a starting line and the
~t? 10r fitness test, following items/tests have
n mcluded to know the fitness of an athlete.
time taken is recorded in minutes and seconds.

l
l. SO mst anding start or 50 m dash
2 600
· m Run / Walk Figure 6.2
s·

'
3• 11 and reach
600m - -- - ---------
--
4• Part·al
1 curl up
---- - - -------
- -- --
--
run/walk

1!B
 Sit and Reach Test Push Ups (Boys)
Pu.rpose: To measure flexibility. Purpose: To measure lh .
e rnus 1
Procedure: After wa rmin g-up, the students are arms, upper bod y and th e cu ar st
core. ren&th
asked to sit o n a flat surface with thei r legs extended Procedure: The push-up b . IJf
in fro nt of them , toes po inting up and feet slightly and toes !o uching the gr egins With th
ound a d eh
apart. The soles of the feet sho uld res! against th e legs in a srraighr line T1-11 , ' 11 the bod a%
• e 1ee1 v
base of a flat verti cal surface. A rul er is placed on apart; !he a rms are at sh are kepr : aiio
' ou Ider . ·81'&h"
th e ground between the legs. Placi ng one hand on exten d ed and at a right angl Width "'
top of the o ther, students are asked to reac h slo wly e to the bOd ap,"
tI1e bac k a nd knees straight th y. l<ee ~-
forward . At the point of their greatest reach, they bo dy until. th ere is a 90-deg ,ree eanstude Pin,
le nt I0 wer1 ~
should ho ld this position for a couple of seconds, th en returns to th e starting po . . g at !he elbo\
and the distance reached is measured. 'fh s11ion With h
ex ten d e d . e action is repeated . t earills
or unt1.I t h e time
. 1imit is reached until exhaustion
I11
Figure 6 .3 Sit
tests, the maximum number of· case of tirntd
and reach test correct pUsh-uPI
performed are noted.

Figure 6.5

Partfal Curl up
Procedure: The student is asked to lie on her/his
back and keep the knees bent at an angle of90 degrees
and the feet about 12 inches from the buttock. Feet
cannot be held or rest against an object. The arms
are straight and parallel to the trunk with palms of
hands resting on the mat. Set to a specified pace,
students complete as many repetitions as possible.
The correct curl-up is performed to a pace of one
complete curl-up every three seconds (1.5 seconds
up and 1.5 seconds down, with no hesitation). The
student raises up, reaching the appropriate position:
scapula two inches off the ground and lowers down
with the shoulders touching the mat. The heels of
the feet must remain in contact with the floor. There
is no pause in the up or down position. The student
should not be allowed to rest between the assessment.
Her/his movement should be slow and controlled.
Rules: Record the total number of correctly
performed curl ups. A curl up is complete each
time the student's head returns to the mat. Curl
up will not be counted in the following conditions:
(I) Not raising shoulders up two inches; (2) Head
touching mat; (3) Heels come off the mat; (4) Being
off cadence. (5) The test is terminated if the student
has any two misses.
_;J\
Push Ups
(Boys)
I
;~ )
ModiHed Push Ups (Girls)
Purpose: To measure the muscular strength of
arms, upper body and the core.
Procedure: The push-up begins in a kneeling
position, with the hands and knees touching the
ground. The knees are kept slightly apart; the
arms are at shoulder width apart, extended and
at a right angle to the body. Keeping the back
straight and holding the core tight, the student
lowers the body until there is a 90-degree
angle at the elbows, then returns to the starting
position with the arms extended. The acuon
is repeated until exhaustion or until the umhe
11
limit is reached. In case o f t'1med tests' ed
maximum number of correct push-ups perform
are noted.

Figure 6.6
figure 6.4 Modified Pus
Partial curl up Ups (Girls)

llO
 src,adJumP
~ T o measure pcwer.
A rake-off line is marked on the
the student stands behind this line
(ttt apart. The student then swings the
.;tb i::; bends the knees, then jumps into the
,t111S_ pit. Toe <listance from the take-off line
"108 or other part of body that touches the
ro the nearest to the take-off line is measured and
=~in feet and inches. Three trials are given and
t,est seore of the three is recorded as the final
s,.-ore.
Shuffle Iron
Purpose: To measure speed and agility.
Procedure: Two parallel lines are marked on the
ground 30 feet apart, and two blocks of wood
1 x 2 x 4 inches are placed behind one of the lines.
The student stands behind the other line. On start,
the student runs towards the wooden blocks,
picks one of them and runs back to the starting
!me. Then she/he runs back and picks up the
second block and carry it to the starting line. Two
tnals are allowed and the times taken in both trials
are noted down and the best one is taken as the
final score.
Figure 6.8
Shuttle run
GENERAL MOTOR FITNESS - BARROW
THREE ITEM GENERAL MOTOR ABILITY
What is General Motor Ability?
General motor ability is the ability to perform
various motor movements, from the fundamental
(like walking, running, etc.) to the complicated
(like cartwheels, back bridge, etc. ). The higher
the level of general motor ability, the more varied
and more effective the motor skills an individual
can execute.
General motor ability is affected by physiological
factors such as composition of muscular tissue,
age, gender, bone structure and environmental
factors, such as active involvement in physical
activity classes, nature of <liet, sports culture and
so on.
Barrow Three Item Test for
Motor Ability
Dr Harold M Barrow, the then head of the Physical
Education Department at Wake Forest College,
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, developed severa1
tests in 1953 to evaluate the motor abilities of his
students. One of the batteries of tests consisted of
three items: Standing Broad Jump, Zigzag Run and
Me<licine Ball Put to measure power, agility and
strength respectively.
Standing Broad Jump
In the original test, the starting line was marked
by a piece of masking tape. Another piece of
masking tape was placed perpendicular to it and
was marked off in feet and inches. Each student
was allowed to have one practice jump and then
undergo three trials. The distance of the best trial
was recorded and scores assigned. Measurements
were taken from the toe of take-off line to the
back of the heel. If the students touched the
starting line on their take-off, they were disqualified.
This test determined the explosive power of
their legs.
In the modern version, take-off lines are marked
and tapes used to measure the distance jumped.
Long jump landing mats can also be used for the
purpose. The athlete stands behind the take-off line
with feet slightly apart. The take-off and landing
measure 2 feet. The athlete bends the knees and
1ll
 Table 6.1 Results of standing broad jump for 15- 16 years old athletes

Female > 1.66 m 1.65 -1.56 m 1.55 -1 .46 m 1.45-1.35 m

<lJsrn

Female > 2.8 m 2.5 m 2.2 m 1.9m <Urn

swings the arms to propel herself/himself forward. In the modern version, cones replace bowlin
She/he must jump as far as she/he can and land pins. The surface should be flat and non -slippe g
on both feet without falling backwards. As in the A stopwatch may be used to record time. NorrnaJ~-
original, three trials are allowed. the individual is allowed to warm-up for abou;
Figure 6.9 Standing IO minutes by running at a partial speed through
broad jump
the course.
The table given below gives an idea of the agility
of a person as determined through this test {result;
are given in seconds).

Table 6.2 Standard agility norms - the zigzag run

The distance between the take-off line and Category Males Females
the nearest point of contact on the landing Excellent < 15.2 < 17.0
(i.e. where the back of the heels land) is measured.
Of the three trials, the longest jump is recorded. Good 15.2-16.1 17.0-17.9
Table 6.1 shows results for 15-16 years old athletes. Average 16.2-18.1 18.0-21.7
Zigzag Run Fair 18.2-18.3 21.8- 23
In the original test, a 16 by IO feet rectangular
Poor > 18.3 > 23.0
course was set-up. Bowling pins were placed in
the centre and at each corner. The course had to
be run in the form of the figure 8 three times. The Medicine Ball Put
amount of time the student took to complete the In Barrow's original design, the course was 70 teet
full cycle was recorded to the nearest tenth of a long and each half-foot interval was marked.
second. This test measures an individual's ability to Two lines - starting line and finishing line - weer
rapidly change direction and manoeuvre, as well as marked perpendicular to the throwing area with a
to accelerate and decelerate with control. distance of 15 feet between them. This was done
Figure 6.10 Zigzag run to allow the student to run (from the starting line)
for the distance of 15 feet before throwing the ball
at the finishing line. Stepping over the finishing
line meant disqualification. In this case too, the
students were allowed one practice put and three
trials. The distance of the best trial was measured;
the nearest half-foot and scores assigned. The bed
used for this test weighed 2.7 kg. The test show
r
upi:,tr body strength of_the student. The same
~ure is used for a med1cme ball put even now. DID YOU KNOW? - - - - - - . .
f'"""b<JYS· a 3 kg ball may be used and for girls, a l Accord ing to many health experts, laughter 1s
fo' b Uis recommended.
I kg a a good heart medicine When we laugh, the
blood-flow throughout ou r body increases by
about 20%. laughter not only reduces stress
but also relaxes the blood vessel wall lining,
hence, an increase in blood-flow for up to
45 minutes.
2. The heart has its own electrical supply and
will continue to beat when separated from
the body.
-, 6
minute (i.e. one step every
2 seconds) for 5 minutes
continuously or until
she/he gets exhausted. In
this context, exhaustion
is the poi nt at which the
participant can no longer
Figure 6.11 Medicine ball put maintain the stepping
rate for 15 seconds.
As soon as the
MEASUREMENT OF participant completes
CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS - the cycle, she/he is asked
to sit-down and the total
HARVARD STEP TEST/ ROCKPORT TEST Figure 6.12 Harvard
numbers of heartbeats are
Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart, step test
counted between I to 1.5
blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood minutes, 2 to 2.5 minutes and 3 to 3.5 minutes.
to the working muscle tissues and the ability of The score is given based on the following
the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for formula:
movement A person's ability to deliver oxygen
Physical Efficiency Index (PEI) =
to the working muscles is affected by many
physiological parameters, including heart rate, (Duration of exercise in seconds x 100)
(2 x Sum of three pulse counts in recovery)
stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal
oxygen consumption. Cardiovascular fitness can The fitness level may be determined from the
be measured using the following tests. parameters given below:

Harvard Step Test Table6.3

In 1943, Belgian -American physiologist Lucien Rating Fitness Index {long fonn) .,;;_,.,
Brouha and his associates C W Health and
Excellent >96
A Graybiel developed a cardiovascular endurance
test known as the Harvard step test at the Harvard Good 83-96
Fatigue Laboratories during World War II. It is a
Average 68-82
simple test that uses a platform about 20 inches tall
(for men), a stopwatch and a metronome. Below average 54-67
The participant is asked to step-up on the
Poor < 54
platform and down again at a rate of 30 steps per
 V Skubic and r Hodgkins later modified the used if necessary. The test should
following for females: non -windy weather. Before th be conduc
height of the bench/platform to 18 inches .
. d'tVI'd ua I 1s
o f t he m
. . and re
t,,,
. measured e Walk• L Ivltd. 1n
'ioL.
stepping cadence to 24 times per minute startmg pomt ts marked and th . cord,d !l'q
to run the track to cover a di t e Individuai \h
-> rKovery pulse counted only once for 30 seconds 0 ne mt·1e equa Is 1609 metress ance of 0 n, llf'-
after 1 minute of cessation of exercise , so the . ,~
may run t he track four times to d 1ndil'id ·
. an fr llil
The advantage of the Harvard step test is its comparable distance. With the h 1 °
to co,,,'1
1
simplicity. Minimum equipment, time and cost the amount of time is recorded el p of a stoP'watcL
are required and the test itself is easy to execute. · rnrned· ·1
completion of the run the heart iat,Jy alttr
The disadvantage lies in the failure to account for . ' rate is h
manually or with a heart rate monitor c tcktd
physiological differences between individuals, To calculate VO max the fioll ·.
especially in height and weight, while the height of 2 • owing i0
may be used: rrnu11
the platform to be used is standardised. V0 2 max = 132.853 - (0.0769 x W, .
[(0.3877 x Age) + (6.315 x Gender) _ ( eight) -
Rockport Fitness Walking Test 32
Time)) - (0.1565 x Heart rate) · 649 ,
The Rockport Fitness Walking Test or Rockport One where:
Mile Test was developed by exercise physiologists Weight is in pounds (lbs)
and cardiologists, Kline, Porcari, Hintermeister Gender Male = 1 and Female = o
and others in 1987 at the Department of Exercise
Science in the University of Massachusetts at Time is expressed in minutes and IOOths of
minutes
Amherst. It is mainly for individuals with low
fitness level, such as those who follow a sedentary Heart rate is in beats/minutes
lifestyle, to evaluate their aerobic fitness through Age is in years.
assessment of their V0 2 max (maximum volume Anyone interested in taking this test should
of oxygen). first consult a doctor if she/he has serious health
The equipment required for this test includes complications. It also tends to be inaccuratr
a 400 m well-levelled track, a stopwatch and a for participants under the age of 30 or over the
weighing scale. A heart rate monitor may also be age of 79.

COMPUTATION OF FITNESS INDEX

This is accomplished using the method employed
in Harvard step test, but the formula is changed to:
Fitness Index = 1·

(Duration of exercise in seconds x !OOL-,--

(5.5 x pulse count between 1- 1.5 mmu· tes after exerosi'

Table 6 4 Fitness index score

Score I
Cardiovascular Cass,
'fication

55 or below very Poor

56-64 Poor

65-79 Average

80-89 Good

90 or above Excellent
Figure 6.13 Walking test

11A
 NO JONES - SENIOR CITIZEN
.itLI TEST
f~E w;i nts to remain fi1 ,111d f\n c even In
£~~,. J,slrc IO nhl y cu rry 011 1 th nNc phyMl<:a l
ot-J "8f• ~•sory un d required to
Jts nr,.... .. r •ustalnlng
111
,.:0 ,da llfc: as lung a" possible. rn rco li8C th e
.IJY"ro eve if I of 1hc aged. fi lncu tests can
1
,on,
(11)\(SS
bt
l u
, icdand resuh s are cxuml ncd Im
Figure 6.14 Chair stand l C'-t for lower hody strength
.,..mcnl . .
th em agai nst the 1.hc11. 'lhc part lclp,in1 mu ~t ~tanJ
tn llInll y, ihc fun cti onal fitn
IJ!ll'm .
ess of Ncnlnr clth,cns
,.... meas Ur ed using tools •hke Ka tz sc(l lc, Law ton up co mpletely from the sitting position when
It Barthel scale or Euro hi. tests lnr ad uh11, etc. Bui 1hc test pa rtne r starts th e test hy using the stop
;a 1~ from 1hesc tools were not l h ::t l useful rm they walch. lhis process is repeated fo r 30 seconds. A
rcsud specify li1nrss parameters like sl renglh an d complete chair sta nd iH take n from the positio n of
fi1lt 10•r cndurnn ce. mo blI lly, d cxlcrity, . speed, sitting to positio n of standing up. ''Jhc test partner
muse Ul "
b<)(I balance, motor coordination, reaction tim e an d participant sho uld count the total n11mbe r of
aod~exibilll'y. ln 2001 . Robert a E RikH and C Jessie co mplete chair stands.
Jones invent ed a method culled Senio r Fitness Test, Scoring: ''Jhc total number of completed chair
also known as Fullerton Fun ctio nal f-itncss Test, stands during 30 seco nds is called score. The
in ihc Lifespan Wellness Clinic in California Stale recommend ed ra nges for this test based on differem
University in Pull erton . age groups arc sho wn with a table as fo llows:
The Fullerton Fu nctional Fitness Test is a tool

-M
Tab le 6.5 Recomm end ed ranges for chair sta nd test
to measure th e functional fitn ess of senior citizens
by using six parameters. It is an easy, incxpensive Norms for Men
me1hod of assessing the physical trnits that senior
citizens need in order to carry out th eir d aily
ac1ivi1ies. It involves co mm on ac tiviti es like getting 60--64 < 14
1
IIMdiMI
14 to 19 > 19
up from a chair, walking, lifting, bending and
65-69 < 12 12 to 18 > 18
stretching. This test is safe and enjoyable for older
aduils and at the same time it meets the scientific 70-74 < 12 12 to 17 > 17
standards for reliability and validity. Thus, th e 75-79 < 11 11 to 17 > 17
Senior Fitness Test includes th e following tests.
80-84 < 10 10 to 15 > 15
Chair Stand Test for Lower Body Strength 85-89 <8 8 to 14 > 14
Purpose: The purpose of the Chair Stand Test is 9Cl-94 <7 7 to 12 > 12
to test the strength of the lower bo dy, especially
lhdegs, which are very necessary for carrying out Norms for Women

-•1•.;1¥£&11
vanous daily activities like climbing stairs, getting
in and out of a vehicle, sitting down and getting up,
kneehng, walking, etc. 60-64 < 12 12 to 17 > 17
Equipment Required: A chair without arms and 65-69 < 11
str 11 to 16 > 16
a aight back with seat of at least 44 cm and a
SlGpwatch. 70-74 < 10 10 to 15 > 15
Pr~dure: The chair should be placed against a 75- 79 < 10 10 to 15 > 15
w_a. where it will be stable. l11e participan t should 80-84 <9 9 to 14
11
I IO th 'ddl > 14
00 th e lllt e of the cha.ir with her/his feet flat 85-89 <8 8 to 13 > 13
She/he floor, shoulder width apart and spine erect.
e should cross the arms at the wrist and place 90-94 <4 4to 11 > 11

, c.,\1•
Arm Curl Test for Upper Body Strength
Purpose The main purpose of this test is to assess
the strength of the upper body. The upper body
helps in performing various activities like carrying,
washing, eating, stirring, writing, lifting and so on.
•••Ill
60-64
&5--69
<B

< 12
13 ID 19
12 to 18
) 1.9

Equipmmt Required: Five pound weight for 70-74 < 12 l 2 tol 7

women and 8 pound weight for men, a stopwatch > l7
and a straight-back chair with no arms are required 75-79 < 11 11 to 17 > 17
for this test. 80-84 < 10 lOto 16 > 15
Procedure: The chair should be 85-89 < 10 10 to 15 > 15
placed against a wall where it will
9D-94 <8 8to 13 > 13
be stable. The participant should
sit in the middle of the chair. recommended ranges for this test based on differ
The dominant arm must do the age group are shown with a table as follo-,.,i: ent
arm curl. The participant holds
the weight in the hand using a Chair Sit and Reach Test for Lower
suitable grip. The palms should Body Flexibility
be facing towards the body. The
position of the arm should be Figure 6.15 Arm Purpose: The main purpose of this test is to
vertically downwards. lt is the curl test measure the flexibility of the lower body, ~
lower arm that has to move freely for hamstring flexibility. The flexibility of the lowtr
while keeping the upper arm immovable. body is important for preventing lower backpain,
The test partner will tell when to start. This balance, posture, fall prevention, in gait or walking.
process is repeated for 30 seconds, using a etc. An active and independent lifestyle can be
stopwatch or a watch with a seconds hand. The maintained with the help of a flexible lower body.
participant should do a full curl as many times as Equipment Required: A chair with a straight bad,
she/he can in the allotted 30-serond time period, approximately 44 cm high and a ruler.
moving in a controlled manner. The participant Procedure: The chair is placed against a wall 10
must squeeze her/his lower ann against the upper that it is stable. The participant sits on the edge
arm at the top of each curL returning to a straight of the chair. One foot remains flat on the floor,
ann each time and should not swing the weight. while the other is extended in front with the knee
Record the score on the scorecard. straight. The ankle of the straight leg should be
Scoring: The total number of arm curls performed bent at about a 90 degree angle and the heel should
in 30 seconds of duration is called a score. The rest on the floor.
One of the hands is placed directly on top of

-Ill•.,--··
Table 6.6 Recommended ranges for arm curl test the other so that they are stacked with the
Norms for Men fingers extended. While bending, the bad of
the participant should
' . -: · .. -:· ' . -:· be straight and the head
60-64 < 16 16 to 22 > 22 up. If the extended leg
begins to bend then she/
6H9 < 15 15 to 21 > 21
he is asked to move back
70-74 < 14 14 to 21 > 21 on the chair until the leg
75-79 < 13 13 to 19 > 19 is straight.
13 to 19 > 19
Once the position
80-84 < 13
becomes stable, the test sit
85-89 < 11 11 to 17 > 17 partner instructs the Figure 6.1 6 Chair
9o-94 < 10 10 to 14 > 14 participant to inhale; and reach tesl

1l6

t
 ·on the participant tries to reach Bock Scratch Test for Upper Body
. e~aa I lI , •
Juf)llS bending at the hip. She/he should hold Flexibility
ibe toes by, at least 2 seconds without bouncing
stretch ior Purpos~: This test measures the fl exibility of the
th' ·erking.
t>a'k or J ct ice reaches may be taken on each leg upper body (shou lder) . Upper body flexibility is
rwo pra determine which sid e is more flex.ibl e. important as it. helps in reaching, changing a light
i0 ord :~;o more flexible side ismeasured and bulb, combing, throwing, putting on overhead
garments and so on .
onlyded After the practice reaches are completed,
(C(Or ·artner holds a ruler across the toe of the
ihe tes~e centre of the toe is considered to be a
Equipment Required: A ruler
Procedure: The posit ion of
sh<>t· rement of 'O'. If the participant reaches
01 easu . .. f thi s test is done by standing.
·s •o• she/he receives a positive score o as
ast th.1 ' One hand is kept behind
P L ' nches as they reach past it, measured to the
rnany . the head and back over
nearest half-inch . If she/he cannot reach 1t, she/
the shoulder and extended
receives a negative score of as many inches as
he down till the middle of the
they are short of the ' 0,' measure d to th e nearest
back where the palm should
half-inch. touch the body and fingers
The recommended ranges for this test based
should be downward. Then
different age group are shown with a table as
00 the other hand, i.e. left
follows: hand is placed upwards
Table 6.7 Recommended ranges for chair sit and where the palm is facing
reach test outwards and fingers
upward and extended as
Norms for Men (in inches) far as possible to reach and
touch or overlap the middle Figure 6.17 Back
fingers of both hands. scratch test
60--64 <-2.5 -2.5 to 4.0 > 4.0 This can be practised two times and then tested
twice as well.
65-69 < - 3.0 -3.0 to 3.0 > 3.0
70-74 Scoring: The best score out of the two tests is
<- 3.5 - 3.5 to 2.5 > 2.5
recorded to the nearest centimetre or half inch.
75-79 <- 4.0 -4.0 to 2.0 > 2.0 The recommended ranges for this test based
80-S4 <-5 .5 -5.5 to 1.5 > 1.5 on different age groups are shown with a table
85-89 as follows:
<- 5.5 - 5.5 to 0.5 > 0.5
9D-94 <-6.5 -6.5 to-0.5 >-0.5 Table 6.8 Recommended ranges for back scratch test

Norms for Women (in Inches) Norms for Men (in inches)

. . .,.;:;;;;1111 <- 0.5 -0.5 to 5.0 > 5.0 60--64 < 6.5 - 6.S to o >O
65-69 <- 0.5 - 0.5 to 4.5 > 4.5 65-69 < 7.5 -7.S to -1.0 >-1 .0
70-74 <- 1.0 - 1.0to 4.0 > 4.0 70-74 < 8.0 -8.0to-l.O >-1 .0
75-79 <- 1.5 > 3.5 75-79 < 9.0 -9.0to-2 .0 >-2 .0
- 1.5 to 3.5
80-84 <- 2.0 80-84 < 9.5 -9.5 to-2 .0 >-2 .0
-2.0 to 3.0 >3.0
85-.89 < - 2. 5 85-89 < 10.0 -10.0 to -3.0 >-3.0
-2.5 to 2.5 > 2.5
90-94 < 10.5 -10.5 to -4.0 > -4.0
<-4.S -4.5 to 1.0 > 1.0 9o-94

ll7

~ :.IL&
 ......
recorded. Two trials are used s
o as t0
--d-ii::Hi#Mi::iJ.•NitMI- the best score.
Scoring: The best run time is
deter11i•
1 ne
record
nearest tenth second. The recornrn ed to th
ended e
< 3.0 - 3.0 to 1.5 > 1. 5 this test based on different age gr ranges,
6o-6 4 oups •or
with a table as follows : are sh 0\vii
< 3.5 -3.5 to 1.5 > 1.5
65-69
Table 6.9 Recommended ranges fo .
<4.0 -4.0 to 1.0 > 1.0 r eight foot up
7Cr74 and go test

75-79 < 5.0 -5.0 to 0.5 > 0.5

Norms for Mille (in Seconds)
8()-84 < 5.5 -5.5 to 0 >0 Below
< 7.0 -7.0 to -1.0 >-1.0 .: . ' . .:. . . -: · .' •
..
85-89
-8.0 to-1.0 >-1.0 6Cr64 > 5.6 5.6 to 3 s :
9Cr94 <8.0 . < 3.8
65-69 > 5.7 5.7 to 4.3
<4.3
Eight Foot Up and Go Test for Agility 7Cr74 > 6.0 6.0 to 4.2
<4.2
Purpose: This test measures the speed and 75-79 > 7.2 7.2 to 4.6 <4.6 Figure 6.19
balance while moving. Agility and coordination 8Cr84 > 7.6 7.6 to 5.2 < 5.2
are important for performing activities that
85-89 > 8.9 8.9 to 5.3 has to walk as long as
require quick manoeuvring, such as running to < 5.3
9Cr94 > 10.0 of 6 minutes. A pn'
catch a bus or train, swerving, dodging and so on. 10.0 to 6.2 < 6.2 the participant allo,.,
Equipment Required: A chair with straight back needs to.
-H-1;,,t1&;U,,ti&iiU!·'·+.a-
. . ;;,;g ..-: . .:•-:·
and about 44 cm high, a stopwatch, cone marker,
Scoring: Total dii
measuring tape and an area free of interruptions.
stipulated time is rf
Procedure: The chair is kept next to a wall and The recommended
the marker 8 feet in front of the chair. The 61r64 > 6.0 6.0 to 4.4 < 4.4 on different age gr<
participant starts by sitting, hands resting on 65-69 > 6.4 6.4 to 4.8 <4.8 as follows:
the knees and feet flat on the floor. When the 71r74 > 7.1 7.1 to 4.9 <4.9
command 'Go' is given, the stopwatch starts and
the participant gets up and runs/walks towards the 75-79 > 7.4 7.4 to 5.2 < 5.2
cone, goes around and then returns to the chair to 8Cr84 > 8.7 8.7 to 5.7 < 5.7 ljts uMM,
sit-down. The time taken to complete this cycle is 9.6 to 6.2
85-89 > 9.6 < 6.2 1. Motor fitness ·
9Cr94 > 11.5 11.5 to 7.3 < 7.3 ups (boys), Mc
2. Genera l moto
of genera l mot
Six Minute Wolk Test for Aerobic
3, Dr Harold M B.
Endurance
items: Standi n
Purpose: To measure aerobic fitness and respectively.
endurance, which are important for long distance 4 . Cardiovascular
walking or running, climbing and so on. working muscl
Equipment Required: A measuring tape and a s. In the Harvard
stopwatch. of 30 st eps peI

I~
easuring are then coun1
... Procedure: In a rectangular area m a]king
6. Rockport Fitn,
45.72 m x 4.57 m, cones are placed along thew how
(maximum vol
lines at regular intervals in order to show ·pant heart rate are
Figure 6.18 Eight foot up and go test much distance has been covered. 1he partJCl

w
 Table 6.10 Recommended ranges for six minute

..-
lllmm--
- •-•·:·
walk test

Norms for Male (in yards)

6o-64 < 610 610to 735 > 735

65-69 <560 560to 700 >700

70-74 < 545 545 to 680 >680

75-79 <470 470to 640 >640

80-84 <445 445 to 605 >605

85-89 < 380 380 to 570 >570

90-94 < 305 305 to 500 > 500

Norms for Female (in yards)

figure 6.19 Six minute walk test

. .l,IIFM!f\11111
has to walk as long as she/he can within the duration
of 6 minutes. A practice trial may be given and
6o-64 < 545 545 to 660 >660
> 635
I
the participant allowed to stop whenever she/he
65-69
70-74
<500
<480
500 to 635
480to 615 > 615
I'
needs to.
Scoring: Total distance covered within the
75-79 < 430 430 to 585 > 585 I
stipulated time is recorded to the nearest metre. 80-84 < 385 385 to 540 > 540
The recommended ranges for this test based 85-89 < 340 340 to 510 >510 I
I
on different age groups are shown with a table
90-94 < 275 275 to 440 >440
as follows:

• ...,, SUMMARY
1. Motor fitness test includes 50 m Standing start, 600 m Run/Walk, Sit and Reach, Partial curl up, Push
ups (boys), Modified push ups (girls), Standing broad jump, etc.
2· General motor ability is the ability to perform different motor movements. The higher the level
of general motor ability, the more varied and more effective the motor skills an individual can execute.
3· Dr Harold M Barrow developed a test to evaluate the motor abilities of his students consisting of three
items: Standing Broad Jump, Zigzag Run and Medicine Ball Put to measure power, agility and strength
respeetively.
4
Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the
·
working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement.
s. In th e Harvard Step Test, the participant is asked to step-up on the platform and down again at a rate
of 3o steps per minute for 5 minutes continuously or until she/he gets exhausted . The total heartbeats
are th en counted for specific intervals.
G. ~ock~ort Fitness Walking Test is for individuals with low fitness level to evaluate their V0 max
2
taximum volume of oxygen) . Participants run 1 mile and then the amount of time taken and their
eart rate are monitored.