A Paradigm Shift for 21st Century Students
7. PROJECT BASED & RESEARCH DRIVEN
The 8 Critical Attributes of 21st Century Education
1. INTEGRATED & INTERDISICIPLINARY
This critical attribute implies the need to review the curriculum
and create different strategies infusing different subject toward
enhancing the learning experiences of the students.
2. TECHNOLOGIES & MULTIMEDIA
The use of Information Communication Technology (ICT)
and multimedia improves the teaching and learning process.
3. GLOBAL CLASSROOM
Education in 21st Century aims to produce citizens by
exposing students to the issues and concerns in the local,
national and global societies
4. CREATING/ADAPTING TO CONSTANT PERSONAL AND
SOICAL CHANGE AND LIFELONG LEARNING
Education in 21st Century subscribe to the belief that
learning does not end within the four walls of the classroom.
Instead, it fan takes place anytime, anywhere regardless of age.
This means that teachers should facilitate learning even beyond
academics.
5. STUDENT CENTERED
Education in 21st Century is focused on students as
learners while addressing their needs.
6. 21ST CENTURY SKILLS
Education in 21st Century demonstrates the skills in
becoming productive members of the society. Beyond learning
the basic skills of reading, writing and numeracy, students
should also develop Life and work skills in 21st Century
Education.
21st Century Education implies the need of knowledge
and skills in research , such as self-directed activities , learning
projects, investigatory projects, capstone and other research
based outputs.
8. RELEVANT, RIGOROUS AND REAL WORLD
It implies the use of current and relevant information
linked to real-life situation and contexts
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A 21ST CENTURY TEACHER
1. MULTI-LITERATE
Teachers know how to use various technology in teaching.
2. MULTI-SPECIALIST
Teachers are not only knowledge in the course subject
they teach but also in other areas so that they can help the
learners build up what they gain in the classroom and outside
the school.
3. MULTI-SKILLED
Teachers cope with the demand for widening learning
opportunities by being skillful not just in teaching but also in
facilitating and organizing groups and activities.
4. SELF-DIRECTED
Teachers are responsible for various aspects of school life
and know how to iniate action to realize the learning goals of
the students and the educational goals of the country at large.
5. LIFE-LONG LEARNER
Teachers are able to adapt to various learning styles and
needs of the learners. They can facilitate learner-centered
teaching with flexibility.
6. FLEXIBLE
Teachers embrace the idea that learning never ends.They
should share what they are learning with their students and
colleagues with a high sense of professionalism.
7. CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVER
Teachers create innovative ideas and effective solutions to
the arising problems in the field, be it in the classroom, in the
school or the profession as a whole.
8. CRITICAL THINKER
Encouraging the students to reflect on what they have
learned and rekindle in them the desire to ask questions,
reason out, probe and establish their own knowledge belief.
9. HAS A PASSION FOR EXCELLENT
Teachers possess passion in the teaching profession to
ensure that students are motivated to learn under their
guidance and care.
10. HIGH EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT
Teaching is emotionally taxing but an influential job as it
involves interaction with human beings.
COMMON 21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGY TOOLS FOR LEARNING
1. Affinity Groups
These are groups or communities that unite individuals
with common interest.
2. Blogs
Web Blogs or “blogs” are interactive website, often open
to the public that can include web links, photographs, audio
and video elements.
3. E- Portfolio
It can document the process of learning, promote
integrative thinking, display final work and or provide a space
for reflective learning.
4. Hypertext
These are electronic tetxs that provide multiple links and
allow users to trace ideas in immediate.
5. Podcasts
These are digitalized audio files that are stored on the
internet and downloaded to listeners computers or most likely
to MP3 playe.
6.Web 2.0
This refers to a second generation of Web-based
communities that demonstrate the participatory literacies that
students need for the 21st Century.
7.My Space
Social networking website that offers an interactive user-
friendly submitted network
19. WebQuest Page
Provides WebQuest on an array of topics across content areas
with a template for creating one’s own.
20. Literacy Web
It is an online portal that includes a large number of new
literacy’s resources for new literacies for teachers.
BASIC STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING LITERACY
1. MAKING CONNECTIONS
The ability to make connections involves a process of
connecting prior knowledge to new knowledge and
experiences.
is a reading comprehension strategy that helps students
find meaning in a text by connecting it to their background
knowledge.
2. VISUALIZING
Visualizing is an important reading strategy that good
readers use to help create mental images or movies in their
minds to represent the ideas that they read in the text.
The images that they make help them to understand what
they are reading at a deeper level.

8. Second Life 3. INFERRING

Internet based 3 – D virtual world that puts data into a A conclusion or opinion that is reached because of known
common format. facts or evidence.Inferences are important when reading a
A social networking website that offers an interactive story or text. Learning to make inferences is a good reading
user-friendly submitted network. comprehension skill.
EXAMPLE:
9. Semantic Web Possible inference: The boy does not like vegetables.
The extension of current web that puts data into a common Evidence: He has a plate of veggies in front of him and a
format. scowl on his face. The student might use his/her own feelings
about veggies to understand what he might be thinking.
10. Webkiz
The internet simulation where in children learn to get care
and another skills. 4. QUESTIONING
is a reading strategy that is taught to students to help
11. WIKI them engage with the text. It helps the reader to clarify what
Refers to software that foster collaboration and he or she is reading and to better understand the text. Asking
communication online. The most prominent is wikipedia good questions is a way for students to monitor their own
comprehension while reading.
12. Youtube
It is a popular website for video sharing where users can 5. DETERMINING IMPORTANCE
upload, view and share video footage. ✓Determining importance is one of those fundamental
skills that will lead to greater success in mastering other
13. Google Doc concepts and skills.
Allows students to collaborate with other people and the For example, in order to summarize a text, a student
document materials that need to be complied, processed, needs to be able to determine the important information first
transacted and analyzed. before crafting a summary.

14. Prezi 5. SYNTHESIZING

It allows individuals to use pre-made, creative presentation Synthesizing a text is the process of pulling together
templates background knowledge, newly learned ideas, connections,
inferences and summaries into a complete and original
15. Easybib understanding of the text.
It allows individuals to generate citations in any given When students synthesize, they are made aware of how
format. their thinking changes and evolves as they read a text.

16. Social Media DEVELOPING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY AND MULTILITERACIES

17. Smart boards and Audience Response Systems FUNCTIONAL LITERACY

These are replacement for traditional chalkboards or
whiteboards in classroom.
18. ReadWriteThink.Org
A repository of Standards-based literacy lessons that offer
teachers instructional ideas for internet integration.
refers to the practical skill set needed to read, write, and
do math for real-life purposes, so people can function
effectively in their community.
Functional literacy is about developing and enhancing the
skills our whole society needs to function. If we don't have
individuals with mathematical knowledge, reading and writing
skills, or analytical abilities, we cannot have functioning
communities, businesses, or governments.
A person is functionally literate who can engage in all
those activities in which literacy is required for effective
functioning of his group and community and also for enabling
him to continue to use reading, writing, and calculation for his
own and the community's development
MULTILITERACIES
Multiliteracies is the concept of understanding
information and the design of meaning through the
manipulation of individual modes, these being: Linguistic
Meaning, Visual Meaning, Audio Meaning, Gestural, Tactile and
Spatial Meaning
Teaching and learning through multiliteracies is important
to all students “as multimodal texts (are becoming) more
sophisticated”.
Technology allows for endless educational possibilities
and should continue to be used in the classroom as aim to
better the educational success of students.
it enables students to exercise agency and take ownership
of their learning, it supports students' language development
by providing them with authentic, communicative purposes for
learning.
BEGINNING READING
INTODUCTION
The faulty reading habits of many of our children today and
the presence of the non-readers in the upper grades and even
in the high school may be due to poor beginning instruction.
Reading being a developmental process must be started right.
It must have a firm foundation on oral language ability and
word recognition skills.
These can be the foundation to build the higher skills
demanded of an intelligent discriminating reader
There is a need for a systematic beginning program which
can help young learners to learn good reading habits and skills.
Filipino children are expected to read not only in Filipino, but
also English, a good reading program must take into account
that some reading habits and skills developed to read in Filipino
can also be built upon in learning to read in English.
Let us look at beginning reading in the context of the whole
reading program.
In order to turn out independent and efficient reader, our
reading program has to go through the following stages:
1.develop the reading readiness
2. initial stage in learning to read
3. rapid development of reading skills
4. stage of wide reading
5. refinement of reading
DEVELOPMENT OF READING READINESS
A. Oral Language Ability in English
How?
• Give a lot of listening-speaking activities
in English to give them familiarity with the
basic structures and common English vocabulary which
they are bound to meet in their early reading materials
through:
1. listens to directions and follow
them.
2. listen to rhymes and recite them with understanding
and enjoyment
3. listens to stories and retell them or act them out
4. give them plenty of practice in giving directions to their
classmates
5. practice in identifying objects, pictures etc.
6. practice in asking and answering questions about
themselves and others
B. Auditory and Visual Discrimination? How?
1. Give exercises on sounds, shapes, sizes
colors, directions, etc.
2. additional auditory and visual discrimination exercises
different from these went through in Filipino.
example:
Consonant sounds- /f/, /v/, /th/, /z/, /zh/, /ch/,/j/
vowel sounds- /ae/, /iy/, /i/
3. need to go through letter shapes
C. Eye Movement
The need to go through the left-to-right, top-bottom
orientation.
D. Familiarization with Punctuation Marks
like periods, commas, question marks….
BEGINNING READING
According to Kenneth Goodman
“Reading is not hierarchy of isolated sub-skills”. It is a holistic
process that has two separate but interrelated components:
1. word recognition
2. comprehension
A. WORD RECOGNITION
Word recognition or decoding is the ability to identify words
automatically and accurately. It is sometimes called word-
attack skill. It is the result of the interactive functioning of the
following sub-abilities which a reader should have to be able to
move from print to meaning.
a. Associating objects/pictures with printed symbols in
labels/ captions
b. b. phonetic analysis-associating letter sounds with letter
symbols.
example:
bag- child attempts to read the
1st letter as “buh”
2nd letter as “ae”
3rd letter as “guh”
and gets the word “bag”
C. Structural analysis-breaking up of big word into
known parts as looking small words into long words.
Example
classroom-
1. train them to look closely at the unfamiliar word “classroom”
2. analyze them in terms of structures and find out if there are
any part that is familiar to them.
3. If they can recognize “class” and “room”show that all they
have to do is to put together the two familiar words
“class”+”room” to read the big word classroom.
spelling pattern- spelling patterns and the principle that govern
their pronunciation, if mastered by pupils will be a great help to
them in word attack.
When a word or syllables follows a CVC pattern the vowel
sound is usually short.
cat bed sit pot cup
In the CVCe pattern the vowel becomes
Long and “e” is silent.
Example:
Rate (long a) Site (long i)
In a CVVC pattern, that two vowel letters are together in a
word, the first stands for a long vowel and the second is silent.
Example:
ai - rain (“a” long and “I” is silent)
oa - boat (“a” long and “a” is silent)
e. Context clues- the ability to use the
semantics (meaning) and/ or syntax (grammatical structure)
of a word and its context in the sentence to assume what the
word is.
Example:
The baby is drinking milk.
(The unfamiliar word is milk.)
If the children cannot read the last word, guide them with
questions until they are able to identify the context clues baby
and drinking deduce from them that the unfamiliar word is
milk.
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Reader generates meaning by employing background
knowledge, expectations, assumptions, and questions, and
reads to confirm these expectations.
Example
Pre-reading activities (i.e. activating schema, previewing, and
predicting) + background knowledge (cultural, linguistic,
syntactic, and historical) = comprehension
INTERACTIVE APPROACH
Reader uses both bottom-up and top-down strategies
simultaneously or alternately to comprehend the text.
Example
Reader uses top-down strategies until he/she encounters an
unfamiliar word, then employs decoding skills to achieve
comprehension.

f. Sight Word Identification- the immediate accurate Knowledge base + bottom-up strategies + top-down strategies
recognition of a within one second upon seeing it. = comprehension

Example: Dolch Basoc Sight Words WHICH MODEL SHOULD BE ADOPTED?

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO TEACHING BEGINNING
READING
A. Phono-Visual-Oral Sound
Blending and Meaning
(PVOSBM)
‫٭‬Intended to teach beginning and non-
‫٭‬It starts with the teaching of sounds.
‫٭‬It establishes a strong association
symbols.
The reader must be competent in both bottom-up and
top-down processing.
THE ROLE OF PHONEMIC AWARENESS
Why is it important for ESL readers?
readers. “Phonemic awareness is an important precursor for
alphabetic reading, but paradoxically people often acquire it
between sounds and as a result of learning to read an alphabet”

Steps in teaching using the PVOSBM Approach  Readers who have it are better readers.
1. Sound recognition  Readers are able to connect sounds with symbols.
2. Sound production  Readers can attach meaning to sounds.
3. Sound blending  If readers can associate the sounds of words when
a. syllable learning the meaning of new vocabulary, it sticks better.
b. words
c. phases 21ST CENTURY SKILLS CATEGORY
d. sentences
4. Meaning Refers to a broad set of knowledge, Skills, work habits and
character traits that are deemed necessary in coping with
The Teaching of Blends today’s world and future careers and workplaces.

R- Family: 21st Century skills may include the following:

br cr dr gr fr pr tr str
Critical Thinking
L- Family: Creativity
bl cl dl gl fl pl Collaboration
Communication
MODELS OF READING Information Literacy
Media Literacy
Bottom-up processing (decoding) Technology Literacy
Flexibility
Top-down processing Leadership
Initiative
Interactive approach Productivity
Social Skills
BOTTON UP PROCESSING
Reader builds meaning from the smallest units of meaning to These skills are intended to help students keep up with the
achieve comprehension. lightning-pace of today’s modern markets.

Example Category 1: Learning Skills ( 4C’s )

letters  letter clusters  words  phrases  sentences  longer
text  meaning = comprehension Teaches students about the mental processes required to
adapt and improve upon a modern work environment.
THE 4C’S OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS ARE:
1. Critical thinking
 Finding solutions to problems.
 Critical thinking is the most important quality to have in
health sciences.
 In business setting, critical thinking is essential to
improvement. It’s the mechanism that weeds out
problems and replaces them with fruitful endeavour.
2. Creativity
 Thinking outside the box.
 Is equally important as a means of adaptation. This skills
empowers students to see concepts in a different light,
which leads to innovation.
 Learning creativity as a skill requires someone to
understand that “the things have always been done” may
have been best 10 years ago- but someday, that has to
change.
3. Collaboration
 Means getting students to work together, achieve
compromises, and get the best possible results from
solving a problem.
 The key element of collaboration is willingness. All
participants have to be willing to sacrifice parts of their
own ideas and adopt others to get results for the
company.
4. Communication
 Talking to others
 Communication is the glue that brings all of these
educational qualities together.
 Is a requirement for any company to maintain
profitability. It’s crucial for students to learn how to
effectively convey ideas among different personality
types.
Category 2: Literacy Skills ( IMT )
They’re sometimes called IMT skills and each concerned with a
different element in digital comprehension.
The three(3) 21st Century literacy skills are:
Information Literacy
Media Literacy
Technology Literacy
Information Literacy
 Understanding facts, figures, statistics, and data.
 Information Literacy is an foundational skill. It helps
students understand facts especially data points, that
they’ll encounter online.
 It teaches how to separate fact from fiction.
Media Literacy
 Understanding the methods and outlets in which
information is published.
 Media Literacy is the practice of identifying publishing
method, outlets, and sources while distinguishing
between the ones that are credible and the one’s that
aren’t.
 Is helpful for finding truth in a world that’s saturated with
information.
Technology Literacy
 Understanding the Machines that make the information
age possible.
 Technology literacy gives students the basic information
they need to understand what gadgets perform what
tasks and why.
Category 3: Life Skills ( FLIPS )
These skills all pertain to someone’s personal life, but they
also bleed into professional settings.
The five 21st Century life skills are:
Flexibility
Leadership
Initiative
Productivity
Social skills
Flexibility
 Deviating from plans as needed.
 Is the expression of someone’s ability to adapt to changing
circumstances.
 Flexibility requires them to show humility and accept that
they’ll always have a lot to learn even when they’re
experienced.
Leadership
 Motivating a team to accomplish a goal.
 Is someone’s penchant for setting goals, walking a team
through the steps required , and achieving those goals
collaboratively.
Initiative
 Starting projects, strategies, and plans on one’s own.
 Initiative only comes naturally to a handful of people as a
result, students need to learn it to fully succeed.
 Regardless, Initiative is an attribute that earns rewards,
it’s especially indicative of someone’s character in terms
of work ethic and professional progress.
Productivity
 Maintaining efficiency in an age of distractions.
 Students ability to complete work in an appropriate
amount of time.
 In business term it is called efficiency.
Social skills
Meeting and networking with others for mutual benefit.
What’s the demand for 21st Century Skills?
While 21st Century skills have always been important, they’ve
become essential in a worldwide market that moves faster by
the day.
These skills all double back to one key focus.
Someone’s Ability to enact and/or adapt to change.
this is because any industry is capable of changing at a
moment’s notice, industries are now regularly disrupted with
New ideas and methodologies.