CURRICULUM:

What is Curriculum?

Curriculum came from the Latin word "currere" which means "to run" or "to run a course".
A course study which contains a list of subject matter approved for teaching in schools.

Nature of Curriculum

1. The instructional programme as indicated by the course offerings to meet the various requirements of a vast
heterogeneous population.
2. The course of study, embodying outlines of knowledge to be taught.
3. All the experiences provided under the guidance of the school.

Concepts of Curriculum As dynamic as the changes that occur in the society.

Narrow Sense Broad Sense

Viewed merely as a listing of a subject to be taught in Refers to the total learning experiences of individuals not
school. only in schools but in society as well.

Two Points of View of Curriculum

Traditional Points of View Progressive Points of View

Body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the
teachers for the students to learn. Synonymous to the
"course of study" and "syllabus". (Bilbao, Lucido, Iringan &
Javier, 2008)
Traditional ideas view curriculum as a written document or
a plan of action in accomplishing goals.
Progressivist believes that written documents or written
materials can only be called curriculum if they are actualized
by the learners. Hence, curriculum is defined as the total
learning experiences of the individual.

Point of View of Curriculum Development

As curriculum is as dynamic as the changes that occur in the society, there is a need to develop and improve
curriculum as learners themselves are changing.

Two Models of Curriculum Development

Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
(Tyler's Rationale)
Formulated four fundamental questions or principles in
examining any curriculum in schools.
1. What educational purpose should the school seek to attain?
2. What educational experience can be provided that are likely
to attain the purpose?
3. How can these educational experiences be effectively
organized?
4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being
attained or not?
In summary, the following must be considered in curriculum
development:
1. Purpose of the School.
2. Educational Experiences.
3. Organization of Experiences.
4. Evaluation of the Experiences.
Hilda Taba's
Grassroots Approach
Improved Tyler's Rationale by making a linear model and seven
major steps where teachers have a major input.
1. Diagnosis of learners needs and expectations of the larger
society.
2. Formulation of Learning Objectives.
3. Selection of Learning Content.
4. Organization of Learning Content.
5. Selection of Learning Experiences.
6. Organization of Learning Activities.
7. Determination of what to evaluate and the means to doing it.
Sources:
https://www.slideshare.net/valarpink/curriculum-its-meaning-nature-and-
scope#:~:text=Nature%20of%20curriculum%20Curriculum%20is,social%20and%20emot
ional)%20and%20simplicity.
https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/12/12_2020_03_02!07_22_43_PM.pdf&ved
=2ahUKEwjhrN3v5bzyAhVHAIgKHfb6CHwQFnoECB0QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2KPocE2XQkPDe
N7AxZsg_n