Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Sessional on ME 3220
Group: B2 (Roll 1719037-42)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Mihir Ranjan Halder Md. Tanzim Rahman (Roll: 1719037)
Professor
Md. Mahamudul Hasan Naim (Roll: 1719038)
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
KUET Mahim Muntasir (Roll: 1719039)
Md. Mamun Ali (Roll:1719040)
Pranto Karua
Lecturer Mst. Masrufa Khatun (Roll: 1719041)
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
Husne-Al-Jabeen (Roll:1719042)
KUET
 CONTRIBUTION:

Topic Roll No.

Introduction 37

Objective 38
Apparatus 39
Theoretical Background 40
Methodology 41
Application 42
EXPERIMENT NO: 01

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT:

Verification of Bernoulli’s Theorem with the help of a Bernoulli’s Apparatus.

INTRODUCTION:

Bernoulli’s Principle states that, as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas)
increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. Bernoulli’s Principle can be
demonstrated by the Bernoulli’s Equation. Bernoulli’s Principle can be examined
by in terms of the law of conservation of energy. As a fluid moves from a wider
pipe into a narrower pipe or a construction, a corresponding volume must move a
greater distance forward in the narrower pipe and thus have a greater speed. At the
same time, the work done by corresponding volumes in the wider and narrower
pipes will be expressed by the product of the pressure and the volume. Since, the
speed is greater in the narrower pipe, this increases in kinetic energy must be
balanced by a decrease in the pressure-volume product, or, since the volumes are
equal, by a decrease in pressure.

OBJECTIVES:

 To determine pressure head at different sections.

 To calculate the velocity of flow at different sections using the
continuity equation, (Q=AV).
 To determine elevation head at different sections.
 To verify Bernoulli’s theorem.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 Bernoulli’s apparatus
 Hydraulic bench FL – 10
 One stop watch
 One bucket
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:
When an ideal incompressible fluid is flowing continuously in a conduit and no
extra energy is added no extra energy is added or taken out between any two
sections 1 and 2, then Bernoulli’s theory states that the total energy at each section
is equal. Mathematically, Bernoulli’s expression is,
P1/γ + V12/2g + Z1 = P2/γ + V22/2g + Z2
i.e. Pressure head, Velocity head, Elevation head are constant
Where,
P1, P2 = Pressure at a section 1 and 2
γ = Specific weight of flowing fluid
V1, V2 = Velocity at a section 1 and 2
g = Accelerating due to gravity
Z 1, Z2 = Height of center line of the pipe at the particular section above
datum, i.e. elevation head
METHODOLOGY:
 The outflow valve of the apparatus was kept closed.
 The inflow line was connected with the supply water line.
 The outflow valve was opened slightly to pass water at small flow
rate.
 Steady flow of water was maintained through the conduit.
  Readings were recorded at all the five sections for pressure head.
 The discharge water was collected in a bucket for a particular time
and flow rate was determined by measuring the amount of discharge
water.
 The velocity of flow at different sections was calculated using the
continuity equation (Q=AV).
 One set of reading was completed and five sets of reading was taken
following the above procedure.

APPLICATION:
 Atomizer
 Bunsen burner
 Flowmeter
 Aero foil
 Venturimeter
 Orifice-meter
 U-tube Manometer
 Inclined Manometer
 Nozzle-meter or Flow Nozzle
 Rotameter
 Elbow-meter
 Free Liquid Jet
 Vortex tube
 Pitot tube
EXPERIMENTAL DATA:
Obs Sectio Dia Area Tun Flow Velocit Velocit Pressur Elevatio
. n of of e in rate y at y head e n head
pipe pipe sec. Q m each at each at each
No Head
at at Cume section section section
at each
each each c V=Q/ V2/2g Zm
section
sectio sectio A m
2 P/γ
nM nM m/sec
1
2
1 3
4
5
2
3
4

RESULTS AND ERROR ANALYSIS:

DISCUSSION:

REFERENCES:
 R.K. Bansal, A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines.
 P N. Modi, S. M. Seth, Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics.
 https://www.britannica.com/science/Bernoullis-theorem
 https://byjus.com/physics/bernoullis-principle/