ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

AC and DC Machinery Laboratory Manual ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND

MOTOR

2.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Activity

b) ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data;
d) ability to function on multidisciplinary teams;
e) ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems;
g) ability to communicate effectively.

2.2 Activity’s Course Learning Outcomes (ACLOs)

At the end of this activity, the student shall be able to:
a. Discuss fundamental operation of DC generators and analyze various configurations.
b. Discuss fundamental operation of DC motor and analyze various configurations.

2.3 Objectives of the Activity

The objectives of this activity are to:
a. To obtain the external characteristic of a self-excited dc shunt generator and to
compute for its voltage regulation.
b. To investigate the relationship between the speed, line current, output power and
the efficiency against the torque produced by the dc shunt motor.

2.4 Principle of the Activity

A self-excited dc shunt generator is a type of dc generator in which the shunt field winding
is connected in parallel with the armature. Hence, the terminal voltage is directly impressed on the
field winding.

Open-Circuit Characteristic (O.C.C.)

It shows the relationship between the generated emf (Eo) at no-load and the shunt field
current (Ish) driven at constant speed. Open-circuit characteristic is also known as magnetic
characteristic or no-load saturation curve. The data for OCC of a given generator can be obtained
experimentally by operating the generator at no-load while keeping the speed of the prime mover
constant. The field current is then gradually increased and the corresponding terminal voltage is
recorded.

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

 Internal Characteristic (I.C.)

It shows the relationship between the generated emf (Eg) on load and the armature current
(Ia) driven at constant speed. I.C. cannot be determined experimentally because we cannot directly
measure the voltage generated on load by a voltmeter. We can however derive I.C. provided we
know the armature reaction of the given machine.

External Characteristic

This one shows the relationship between the terminal voltage (VL) and the load current
(IL). When load current increases, the ohmic drop in the armature also increases, hence the
terminal voltage decreases.

The change in terminal voltage of a generator between full-load and no-load is called the
voltage regulation, usually expressed as a percentage of the full-load voltage.

The output characteristics of a shunt motor can be derived from the induced voltage and

torque equations of the motor plus Kirchhoff’s voltage law. The Kirchhoff’s voltage law equation

for the shunt motor is VL = Eg +IaRa

where VL is the terminal voltage applied to the motor, Eg is the internal generated voltage
and IaRa is the voltage drop due to the resistance of the armature. The induced voltage Eg =
Zpfn/60a = kfn where k is due to the values of Z, p and a of the given motor, so

VL = kfn +IaRa

Since the induced torque T = kfIa, current Ia can be expressed as

Ia= T/kf

VL = kfn + kRa/kf
Finally, solving for the motor’s speed yields n

= VL/kf – RaT/(kf)2

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

 Equation 5.5 is a linear equation with a negative slope. Furthermore, it can be seen that the
speed is inversely proportional to the flux per pole f and directly proportional to VL. If we increase
the shunt field current If of the motor to increase f, the speed will decrease. Decreasing If to reduce
f will increase the speed. If VL and f or If are held constant, then Ia or T will affect the speed as
changes in mechanical load connected to the motor is varied. An increase in Ia will decrease the
speed while a decrease in load to the motor will reduce Ia and therefore the speed will increase.
When a shunt motor is made to drive a load, the armature current automatically increases until its
value is such as to produce a torque sufficient to overcome the load.

2.5 Materials/Equipment

DC Compound Machine

Power Supply Unit

Electrodynamometer

Tachometer

DC Voltmeter, #2

DC Ammeter, #2

1 Synchronous Machine (Prime Mover)

Resistor Bank

Timing belt

Connecting wires, #25

Electronic Multi-tester
2.6. Wiring Diagrams

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

 Figure 2.1.

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

Figure 2.2.

2.7 Procedures Generator

EXTERNAL CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (ECC)
1. Connect the wiring diagram as shown in Fig. 2.1 Initial settings:

Field rheostat = ∞;
Exciter = minimum;
Resistor bank = open position
Synchronous machine switch = open

2. Turn on the power supply, close the switch of the synchronous machine and increase the
exciter current to maximum. The machine should run at 1500 rpm or 1800 rpm (check
with tachometer). Notice the build up of the voltage from the residual flux of the stator.

3. Adjust the field rheostat to its full-in position (clockwise) to give the maximum terminal
voltage for the dc shunt generator.

4. Take note of the load current and terminal voltage for different load values and record
the results in Table 2.1.

5. Turn off the power supply. Plot the terminal voltage (y – axis) against the load current
(x – axis).

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

Motor
1. Position the DC Compound machine and the Electrodynamometer side by side to each
other and couple the two with a timing belt.

2. Connect the wiring diagram as shown in Fig. 2.2.

Initial settings:
Field rheostat = mid-range position;
Dynamometer = 0 lbf-in;
DC motor voltage = 0 V

3. Turn on the power supply. Gradually increase the dc supply voltage to 120 V or until the
speed of the shunt motor is 1500 or 1800 rpm. Check the speed of the machine using
tachometer. The field rheostat can also be adjusted to attain the said speed.

4. Increase the torque of the dynamometer in steps and record the speed, armature current,
and input voltage in Table 2.2.

5. Calculate armature power, field power, input power, output power and efficiency using
the following relationships:
Shaft (Output Power) = 2π × speed (rpm) × Torque (n-m) / 60
Input Power = VL × IL
Armature Power = VL × Ia
%Efficiency = (Output Power)/(Input Power) x 100%
Tabulate the results in Table 2.3

6. Plot the speed, line current, output power and efficiency against the torque (x – axis).

7. Compute the percent speed regulation.

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

2.8. Activity Report
Section: TK31 Date Performed: 9/16/21

Course Code: ACDC Date Submitted: 9/25/21

Course Title: BASIC ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING (LAB)
Instructor: ENGR. LUCERO

Group No.: Activity No.: 2

Group Members: Signature:

1. Matienzo, Kim

2. Calleja, Manny

3. Padero, Diether

4. Maravilla, John Paul

5.Rosaros, Mark Ahllie

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

 2.8.1. Data and Results

Vresidual= 120v

Table 2.1

Output Voltage Output Current Power Resistance

Trial
VL IL (Watts) (ohms)
1 120 0 0 Infinite
2 95 136 12.92 600
3 85 242 20.57 300
4 75 320 24 200
5 70 400 28 150
6 65 450 29.25 120
7 65 600 39 100
8 60 700 42 80
9 57. 720 41.4 75
5

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

Procedure 5: Plot VL vs IL

VL vs
80 lIL
0

70
0

60
0

50
0

40 0 20 40 60 80 10 12 14
0 0 0
ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

Motor Table 2.2: Measured Values

Line Current Supply Voltage
Torque (lbf-in) Speed (rpm)
(A) (V)
0 1800 1.6 12
0
3 1650 2.2 12
0
6 1525 2.8 12
0
9 1420 3.25 12
0
12 1280 4.2 12
0

Table 2.3: Calculated Values

Line Armature Input Output
Torque current Efficiency
Power Power Power
(lbf-in) (A) (%)
(W) (W) (W)
0 1.6 192 192 0 0
3 2.2 264 264 58.57 22.19%
6 2.8 336 336 108.26 32.22%
9 3.25 390 390 151.21 38.77%
12 4.2 504 504 181.74 36.06%
Procedure 6: Plot Torque vs
Speed/Iline/Poutput/Efficiency

torque(x) vs
200 speed(y)
0

180
0

160
0

140
0

120
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

Procedure 7: %Speed Regulation?

1800-1280=520
520/1280=0.40625
40.625%

Shaft (Output Power) = 2π × speed (rpm) × Torque (n-

m) / 60 Input Power = VL × IL

Armature Power = VL × Ia
%Efficiency = (Output Power)/(Input Power) x 100%
 2.8.2 Calculations

Shaft (Output Power) = 2π × speed (rpm) × Input Power = VL × IL

Torque (n-m) / 60
2π x 1650 x

Armature Power = VL × Ia Speed Regulation

1800-1280=520
520/1280=0.40625
40.625%

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR

2.8.3 Observations
The following correlations may be deduced from the data I've obtained from the video
experiment. The voltage is rising, while the current and power are also rising. When the
voltage is reduced, the resistance increases as well. Torque increases mean more armature
power, more input power, and more output power. The sound is less audible in this
section than it is in others.
 2.8.4 Conclusion/s
As a result, I draw the conclusion that current power and voltage are directly
proportional. Resistance and voltage, on the other hand, are proportional to each other.
Furthermore, armature torque, input power, and greater output are all proportional to one
another. When the voltage was raised, the noise began to appear.

2.8.5 Rating (include Rubric)

ACTIVITY 2: THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR AND MOTOR