COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Department of Engineering Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry

Mendoza Adrian A. 08/02/2021

Family Name First Name Middle Initial Date Submitted

BSCE – 1 M15 5 Mrs. Dangin

Course & Year Section Group Instructor
Number
Experiment No. 4_

OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS

I. Objectives:

1. To differentiate between oxidation reactions and reduction reactions.

2. To determine the oxidation number of each element involved in reactions.
3. To identify the elements that have lost or gained electrons.
4. To name the element reduced & oxidized, reducing agent and oxidizing agent.
5. To balance redox reactions using the half reaction method

II. Apparatus:

6 10 mm test tubes

1 cork

III. Materials:

0.1 M potassium iodide 6 M sodium hydroxide

0.1 M cupric sulfate
0.1 M sodium bisulfite
0.1 M ferric nitrate
0.1 M potassium permanganate
1 pc iron nail (untarnished)
6 M sulfuric acid
chlorine water (freshly prepared)
starch solution (freshly prepared)
chloroform
IV. Procedure and Observations:

In the procedure number one chlorine water and potassium iodide, 10 drops of
0.1 M potassium iodide were placed in a test tube and 10 drops of chlorine water was
added to the potassium iodide. Then 1 drop of starch solution was added. The color of
the solution was changed from colorless to a dark blue solution. I2 (Iodine) was the
substance responsible for the color changed of the starch. Cl2+ 2KI→ 2I+ 2KCl is the
balanced chemical equation. In the next procedure Iron and cupric sulfate, 10 drops of
0.1 M cupric sulfate were placed in a test tube and a piece of untarnished iron nail was
placed. The solution was left aside for 10 minutes and being observed. The natural blue
color of the cupric solution was changed to light green while the untarnished iron nail
was turned to reddish-brown color. CuSO4 + Fe → Cu + FeSO4 is the balanced chemical
equation of the second procedure. Potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid was next
with the balanced chemical equation of H2SO4 + 4KMnO4 + 10NaHSO3→ 6H2O +
2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 5 Na2SO4, 10 drops of 0.1 M potassium permanganate solution
were placed in a test tube. 2 drops of 6M sulfuric acid were added in the solution. Then,
0.1 M sodium bisulfite solution was added drop by drop until a definite color changed
was visible. The changed of color happened as 0.1 M sodium bisulfide added to the
solution drop by drop. The color changed from dark violet to brown until it became
colorless. The next procedure was potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide, 10
drops of 0.1 M potassium permanganate solution were placed in a test tube, then 2 drops
of 6M sodium hydroxide was added. 0.1 M sodium bisulfite solution was added drop by
drop until a definite color changed was observed. About for 15 minutes the solution was
allowed to stand and the observation was observed, then the color was changed from
violet to brown, and 2KMnO4 + NaOH + 3NaHSO3 →2MnO2 + K2SO4 + 2Na2SO4 +
2H2O is the balanced chemical equation. The final procedure was Potassium iodide and
ferric nitrate with the balanced chemical equation of 2KI + 2 Fe(NO3)3 ---> 2 Fe(NO3)2
+ 2 KNO3 + I2, 10 drops of 0.1 M of potassium iodide was placed in the test tube. Then,
10 drops of 0.10 M ferric nitrate were added and afterwards 5 drops of chloroform were
added. The test tube was covered with the cork and was shaken. The color of the solution
was changed from dark orange to light orange or transparent amber due to the presence
of chloroform added in the solution.
V. Tables and Calculations:

TABLE A
Procedure Solutions combined arrange Color change write the final Chemical formula of the
chemical formulas alphabetically color(one word only) product responsible for
the color obtained in
column 3
1 CI2(aq)+KI(aq) starch solution Dark Blue I2
2 CuSO4(aq) +Fe(s) Reddish Brown Precipitate Cu
3 KMnO4(aq) +H2SO4(aq) +NaHSO3(aq) Colorless MnSO4
4 KMnO4(aq) +NaOH(aq) +NaHSO3(aq) Brown Precipitate MnO2
5 CHCI3(aq) +Fe(NO3)3(aq) +KI Dissolves in CHCI3 turning Fe(NO3)2+I2
Blue

TABLE B
Procedure Element Change Number Oxidizing Element Change Number of Reducing
reduced in of agent oxidized in electrons agent
oxidation electrons oxidation lost
no. gained no.
1 CI 0 to -2 2 CI2 I -2 to 0 1 2I
2 Cu +2 to 0 2 CuSO4 Fe 0 to +2 2 FeSO4
3 Mn +4 to +2 2 KMnO4 S -5 to +7 2 NaSO4
4 Mn +6 to +2 4 KMnO4 S +2 to +6 2 K2SO4
5 Fe +3 to +2 1 Fe(NO3)3 I -2 to 0 1 I2

TABLE C
Procedure Balanced Chemical Equation
1 CI2 + 2KI I2 + 2 KCI

2 CuSO4 + Fe Cu + FeSO4
3 H2SO4 + 4KMnO4 +10NaHSO3 6H2O + 2K2SO4 +4MnSO4 + 5Na2SO4
4 2KMnO4 + NaOH + 3 NaHSO3 2MnO2 + K2SO4 + 2Na2SO4 + 2H2O
5 2KI+ 2 Fe(NO3)3 2 Fe(NO3)2 + 2KNO3 + I2
VI. Discussion of Results:

As stated by Oslon, M.V.(2021), an Oxidation-reduction reaction also called redox

reaction, is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a participating
chemical species changes. Redox processes are defined as reactions accompanied by
oxidation-state changes: an increase in an atom’s oxidation number corresponds to
oxidation; a decrease, to a reduction. In the experiment, there are 5 procedures are
done with different chemicals being used in each procedure. In the 1st the procedure,
Chlorine water, and potassium iodide were being used, with the balanced chemical
equation of Cl2+ 2KI→ 2I+ 2KCl. Iodine (I) is the element being oxidized and Chlorine
(Cl) is the element being reduced. In the 2nd procedure, Iron and Cupric Sulfate was
used, where Iron (Fe) is the element being oxidized while Copper (Cu) is being reduced
and CuSO4 + Fe → Cu + FeSO4 is the balanced chemical equation. H2SO4 + 4KMnO4 +
10NaHSO3→ 6H2O + 2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 5 Na2SO4 is the balanced chemical equation
in the 3rd procedure where Potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid was the chemical
being used, and Sulfur (S) is the element being oxidized while Manganese (Mn) is the
element is reduced. In the 4th procedure, Potassium permanganate and sodium
hydroxide are the chemicals being used where Manganese (Mn) is being reduced while
Sulfur (S) is being oxidized and 2KMnO4 + NaOH + 3NaHSO3 →2MnO2 + K2SO4 +
2Na2SO4 + 2H2O is the balanced chemical equation. In the last procedure, where
potassium iodide and ferric nitrate are chemicals being used. Iodine (I) is the element
being oxidized and Iron (Fe) is the element being reduced.

In addition, as the chemicals being added to each other in each procedure,

different colors were being observed. In the first procedure, the solution’s color changed
from colorless to blue while in the second procedure, the untarnished iron nail became
reddish-brown. Furthermore, in the 3rd procedure, the colorful solution became colorless
by adding sodium bisulfite drop by drop. Hence, in the 4th the procedure even if the
solution was added sodium bisulfite drop by drop the solution didn’t become colorless
but instead turned brown from violet. In the last procedure, 5 drops of chloroform were
added that turned the dark orange solution to light orange. In general, different
observations occurred in different solutions as the elements are being oxidized or
reduced in every chemical equation. Moreover, different oxidizing agent and reducing
agents are shown and gathered as oxidation numbers were being calculated.
VII. Significance of the Experiment:

Students were able to differentiate between oxidation reactions and reduction

reactions through the half-reaction method. Students were able to distinguish and

defined oxidation-reduction reactions where the reaction is a type of chemical reaction

that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. The oxidation reaction is the

process of losing electrons while reduction reactions are the gaining of electrons. As the

element being oxidized, the oxidation number increases while as the element is reduced,

the oxidation number decreases. Students were able to assign the oxidation number of

each element through the help of a periodic table. Using the half-reaction method,

students were able to balance a chemical equation.

VIII. References:

 Olson, M. V. (2021, April 20). oxidation-reduction reaction. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/oxidation-reduction-reaction
 Petrucci, et al. General Chemistry: Principles & Modern Applications. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River,
New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2007.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Mod
ules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Electrochemistry/Redox_Chemistry/OxidationReduction_Reactions
 Sadava, et al. Life: The Science of Biology . 8th ed. New York, NY. W.H. Freeman and Company, 2007.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Mod
ules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Electrochemistry/Redox_Chemistry/OxidationReduction_Reactions