Yambao, Crichelle Anne Mariel S.

2019-06239
BSEd English Language Education

SCALICE GUILLERMO

- Delves into how Ileto succeeded and - Delves into how “loob” was used in
failed at proving his arguments in Pasyon Pasyon and Revolution, in various
and Revolution. Scalice looked at Ileto’s seminal historical texts, and throughout
lapses and shortcomings in choosing and contemporary contexts such as social
interpreting the sources he used for PR. media.

- The untranslation of the Tagalog words, - Ileto never gave an explicit explanation of
and being written in Italics, gives the loob that would explain the range of its
words a significant and mystic aura, meanings and semantic complexities. He
which somehow helped in making PR does not give an “explanatory
“bulletproof” against scholarly criticism. translation”. Throughout his book, loob is
- Ileto failed at his goal in PR for several untranslated and unitalicized. Ileto’s
reasons: intentional untranslation of loob was
- He does not provide a specific likened to how the anting-anting
definition or categorization of accumulated an enigmatic reputation.
what class or classes belong to - What Ileto did may be to prove his points
his “the masses” in PR, but he failed to bring the full
- He disregarded the fact that his complexity and meanings of words into
source material was accessed play. Accdg to Ileto, PR aims to interpret
through performance, completely Philippine popular movements in terms of
neglecting the fact that in the perceptions of the masses
performance, pasyon was shared themselves, that is maybe why he left the
by various social classes, meaning of the Tagalog words at the
whereas in text, it is elitist. mercy of the readers’ perceptions as well.
- He read his sources as texts in an
elite manner and demonstrated
no definite relationship to the
peasant or working class
consciousness with his
arguments.

- Ileto chose the wrong sources and read
them in the wrong way: the pasyon and
awit were investigated in text, which
were largely elitist, proving
counterintuitive to PR’s arguments. Just
like what Friedman said about the
- In the case of loob, we can not confine
the various usages to a singular plane of
context or interpretation, to a single
to be method or framework of disambiguation
or interpretation. We need to investigate
and analyze a large number of corpus to
Yambao, Crichelle Anne Mariel S.
2019-06239
BSEd English Language Education
tendencies of comparison, one tends to arrive at more reliable and conclusive
decontextualize what they compare. results.
- The texts he chose catered more - The earliest accounts of “loob” in
to the elite rather than the Philippine literature were already in the
“masses” he supposedly wanted context of Catholicism and colonialism.
to focus on. - Language is intertwined with the
- Meanings are not fixed or historical, political, and social contexts
established at only one they occur in.
interpretation or framework, but
are rather dependent on social
contexts and factors. As such, a
historical approach is necessary
in examining meanings, usages,
and interpretations.

- To know how the urban working class,
agricultural labourers, and peasantry in
the Philippines thought and worked
during the Philippine revolution, we must
look for sources other than the pasyon
and the awit, and these we must read in a
manner different from that use in PR.
- However, this
consciousness is not enough for
us to understand why the masses
began the revolution. As such, we
must seek to understand the
historical circumstances
pushed them to do so.
- We must consider a wide range of
sources, idioms, metaphors, and texts if
we want to come up with a description
that gives justice to the masses’ reasons,
views, and perspectives.
- We must focus on moving forward from
Ileto’s text by exploring the new concepts
and perspectives he espoused, and look
into how we can improve and give new
meaning to them. By doing so, new
interpretations became possible.
- We must also be careful to branch out to
renewed a wide array of texts, or a larger corpus,
in order to arrive at a definitive and
conclusive meaning of how loob and
other Tagalog terms in PR were used.
that