International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume 116 No. 14 2017, 25-30
ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY DOLOMITE AND
FINE AGGREGATE BY COPPER SLAG
1
K. Sathishkumar,2K.Anitha
Assistant Professor 1 2
Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai.
1
venkatraman.civil@bharathuniv.ac.in
Abstract: Concrete plays a vital role in the world of this
paper is a part of experimental investigation to study the
characteristic of concrete by using the combination of
partial replacement of cement by dolomite powder and
partial replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag. The
dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral made out of
calcium magnesium carbonate and it is likewise used to
portray as sedimentary carbonate shake. Dolomite is also
known as dolomite. The dolomite powder is the crushed
mineral from dolomite. Copper slag is a rough impacting
coarseness made of granulated slag from metal refining
procedures and it is likewise called as iron silicate.
The replacement percentages of cement by dolomite
powder is 20%, 25% & 30% and fine aggregate by
copper slag is 20% by the weight of M20 grade concrete.
The dolomite powder and copper slag is mixed with
natural cement and fine aggregate in the grade of M20
with the mix proportion of 1:1.5:3. The admixture
ceroplastic is mixed with water in the percentage of 6%
to reduce the water/cement ratio. The water cement ratio
adopted for M20 grade concrete is 0.3.
The concrete cubes and cylinders were casted with
varying content of dolomite powder and copper slag. The
test specimens were cured and tested for compressive
strength and split tensile strength in 7 days, 14 days & 28
days for concrete.
1. Introduction
Concrete is a versatile engineering material used in most
of the Civil Engineering structures. It is basically
composed of three components they are cement, water
and aggregate. Its noticeably as a crucial building
material being developed is a consequence of its
economy, awesome durability, ease with which it can be
created, the ability to frame it into any shape, size and its
high compressive quality[1-4].
The utilization of supplementary cementing materials
natural pozzolans like Dolomite Powder, Rice Husk Ash,
Fly Ask, Egg Shell Powder, Sugarcane Bagaesse Ash,
Silica Fume, Metakaolin etc.. in concrete production is
one of the solutions to reduce the cement content as well
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as CO2. Because of this, prerequisites for more
conservative and eco-accommodating establishing
material have augmented enthusiasm for incomplete bond
substitution materials.
The Digging of the sand from riverbeds diminishes
the water head, so less permeation of water in ground
bringing about lower ground water level. Because of this,
necessities for more conservative and eco-
accommodating waste material have augmented
enthusiasm for incomplete substitution of fine total
materials.
2. Need of Admixture In Concrete
Admixtures are chemicals which are added to concrete at
the mixing stage to modify some of the properties of the
mix. Admixtures should never be regarded as a substitute
for good mix design, good workmanship, or use of good
materials. Admixture used in concrete for reducing the
water cement ratio. It improves the workability when
used as plasticizer. It gives better appearance and
uniformity. It gives better finishing characteristics. It
causes less bleeding and greater pump ability and some
retardation of setting times[5-7].
3. Materials and Method
The material used for partial replacement of concrete are
Cement, Fine aggregate, Coarse Aggregate, Dolomite,
Copper Slag, Water and Admixture.
3.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement was used for all concrete mix.
The cement was fresh and without lumps. Testing of
cement was done as per IS 8112-1989. Ultra Tech cement
is used for concrete mix.
3.2 Fine Aggregate
The fine total is sand. Sand is a normally happening
granular material made out of finely partitioned shake
 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

One of the essential focal points to copper slag is the

generally safe it postures to wellbeing and the earth[12-
14]

Dolomite Stone

and mineral particles. It is characterized by size, being

better than rock and coarser than residue. Sand can
likewise allude to a textural class of soil or soil sort; i.e. a
dirt containing more than 85% sand-sized particles. Dolomite Powder

3.3 Coarse Aggregate 4. Material Properties

Normally happening, prepared or produced, inorganic 4.1 Properties Of Dolomite

particles in endorsed degree or size range, the littlest size
of which will be held on the No. 4 (4.76 mm) strainer[8- The chemicals present in dolomite are Carbonate,
9]. Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Insoluble
The coarse aggregate is gravel. It is locally available Acid and Silicon-dioxide.
coarse aggregate having the maximum sizes of 6mm to
20mm were used now in the field. Testing of coarse 4.2 Chemical Composition
aggregate done as per IS: 383-1970. The aggregates
which are passed from 20mm and retained in 6mm sieve CHEMICAL PERCENTAGE
size are washed to remove the dust and dirt and were Total Carbonate 97.4%
dried to surface dry condition. CaCo3 59.5%
MgCo3 31.9%
3.4 Dolomite Powder Acid Insoluble 8.7%
SiO2 4.1%
The dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral
composed of calcium magnesium carbonate and it is also 4.3 Properties of Copper Slag
used to describe as sedimentary carbonate rock. Dolomite
is also known as dolostone. The dolomite powder is the The chemicals present in copper slag are Aluminum
crushed mineral from dolostone. The dolomite powder is Oxide, Titanium-dioxide, Ferric Oxide, Silicon-dioxide,
used to replacement of cement. Dolomite powder is Calcium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, Potassium Oxide,
created by a rock-hit-rock crushing technique using state- Sodium Oxide and Copper.
of-the-art technology with plant & machinery from a
world leader that operates in over 100 countries .Made 4.4 Chemical Composition
from particular characteristic rock, it is squashed by a
three-phase design comprising of a Jaw Crusher took CHEMICAL PERCENTAGE
after by a Cone Crusher lastly a Vertical Shaft Impactor Al2O3 3.01%
(VSI) to get sand that is reliable in its cubical molecule TiO2 0.60%
shapes and degree[10-11]. Fe2O3 55.00%
SiO2 35.00%
3.5 Copper Slag CaO 0.20%
MgO 0.90%
Copper slag is a by-item made amid the copper purifying
K 2O 1.02%
and refining process. As refineries coax metal out of
Na2O 0.95%
copper mineral, they deliver a substantial volume of non-
Cu 0.42%
metallic tidy, ash, and shake. Altogether, these materials
make up slag, which can be utilized for an astonishing
number of utilizations in the building and modern fields.

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 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
5. Methodology Used In Experiment
5.1 Mix design
The mix design methods being used in different countries
are mostly based on empirical relationships, charts and
graphs developed from extensive experimental
investigations. A properly designed concrete mix should
have minimum possible cement content without
sacrificing quality in order to make in concrete mix. The
ultimate aim of studying the various properties of the
material of concrete, plastic concrete and hardened
concrete, is to enable a concrete technologist is to design
a concrete mix for a particular strength and durability[15-
17].
5.2 Batching and Mixing
Weigh Batching was accomplished with the help of
electronic weighing balance. Batching was done as for
each the mix proportions. Mixing was done in tray. It was
mixed for 2-3 minutes, later than addition of water.
Placing and Compaction:Solid shapes and precious
stone are cleaned and oiled to avoid the improvement of
bond among concrete and iron molds. Put the fresh
concrete in molds in 3 layers, pressing each layer with
temper 25 times. The air which is ensnared in bond is
emptied by table vibrator.
5.3 Demoulding
After placing fresh concrete in cubical moulds and
prisms, it was allowed to set for 24 hours. It was marked
with some permanent identification mark i.e. 1, 2, 3 etc.
Cubes and prisms are now kept in curing tank for 7, 14
and 28 days. After 7, 14 and 28 days, concrete specimens
were removed from curing tank to conduct tests on
hardened concrete.
6. Test Results and Discussion
6.1 General
New concrete or plastic bond is a recently mixed material
which can be framed together into any shape. The
relative measures of bond, sums and water consolidated,
control the properties of concrete in the wet state.
6.2 Workability Test
The expression "workability" is utilized to portray the
trouble with where the solid is taken care of, transported
or set between the structures with least loss of
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Special Issue
homogeneity: the workability of cement is in this manner
a composite property.
New concrete or plastic bond is a recently mixed
material which can be framed together into any shape.
The relative measures of bond, sums and water
consolidated, control the properties of concrete in the wet
state The number of empirical tests is available for
measuring the workability of fresh concrete. Each test
measures only a partial aspect of workability and there is
usually no unique method which measures the
workability of concrete in it. Slump cone test
Compaction factor test[18-20]
6.3 Tests on Hardened Concrete
Testing of solidified cement assumes a vital part in
controlling and affirming the nature of bond solid works.
The motivation behind testing solidified cement is to
affirming that the required quality of cement is utilized at
site. If there should be an occurrence of plan blend
concrete, these tests are utilized for checking if the solid
has the required target quality for which is planned. The
tests that are mostly embraced are pressure test on 3D
shapes, Split rigidity on barrel and flexural test on bars.
6.4 Compressive Strength
The compressive strength of concrete is one of the most
important and useful properties of concrete. The concrete
making properties of various ingredients of mix are
usually measured in terms of the compressive strength.
Compressive strength is also used as a qualitative
measure for other properties of hardened concrete.
6.5 Split Tensile Strength Test
Computation the material required for get ready cement
of given extent. Blend them altogether close by blending
until uniform shade of cement is gotten. Pour concrete in
the oiled with medium consistency oil fill concrete in
chamber mold in three layer and smashing every layer
with 35 blows uniformly appropriated over the surfaces
of layer. Following 24 hours of throwing barrel example
are topped by flawless bond glue 35 percent water
content on topping device following 24 hours the
example are drenched into water for definite curing.
Pressure test of block, chamber example are made when
practicable after expulsion from curing pit test example
amid the time of their expulsion from the curing pit and
till testing are kept wet by a killjoy covering and tried in
a sodden condition. Put the example halfway on the area
sign of the pressure testing machine and load is
connected ceaselessly consistently and without stun[21].
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

7. Conclusion

The use of dolomite powder and copperslag increased the

compressive and tensile strength of concrete
The compressive strength for M20 grade concrete is 27
and it is increased by replacement of 20% copperslag
with 20%, 25% & 30%.
Thus, the use of these eco-friendly materials has changed
waste into wealth.

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