PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT

By:
Jalal Poorolajal, MD, MPH, PhD
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health

19-Apr-21 poorolajal@umsha.ac.ir 1
 Proposal Components
Statement of Problem
Problem identification
Prioritizing problems
Analysis
Formulation and justification
Literature Review
Literature and other available information
References
Objectives
Methodology
Variables
Types of study
Sampling methods and sample size calculation
Data collection techniques and tools
Statistical methods of analysis
Ethical considerations
Pre-test and pilot study
Budget and work plan
Gant chart, materials, equipment, money
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 Proposal Components
State of
Problem

Literature
Budget
Review

Method References

Objectives

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 Reference Styles

Styles

Vancouver Harward

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 Vancouver style
Any article takes a specific reference number.
The reference numbers appear in the main
text in order, e.g., 1, 2, 3, …
Reference numbers appear in the main text in
different forms according to the journal
guideline line, e.g., (1), [1], 1
References are listed based on reference
numbers.

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 Harvard style
Surname of the 1st author and year of
publication between parenthesis are used in
the main text to indicate references
(1st author et al, year)
Similar references are differentiated by
alphabets (a, b, c, …)
(Greenland et al, 2011a)
(Greenland et al, 2011b)
Then at the end of the paper, references are
listed in alphabetical order
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 Scientific documents
Journal article
Book
Book section (textbook)
Thesis
Abstract
Conference paper
Website (including official reports)
News site: BBC, VOA, etc
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 Journal Article
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title. Journal. Year; Volume (Issue):
Page-Page.
 Poorolajal J, Mahmoodi M, Majdzadeh R,
Haghdoost AA, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Fotouhi A, et
al. Seroprotection of hepatitis B vaccine and need
for booster dose: a meta-analysis. Hepat Mon.
2009;9(4):293-304.

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 Book
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title of book. Edition. City: Publisher;
Year.
 Gordis L. Epidemiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia:
Saunders; 2008.

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 Book Section
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Chapter Title. In: Editor A, Editor B,
Editor C, Editor D, Editor E, Editor F, et al, editors.
Book Title. Edition. City: Publisher; Year. p. Page-
Page.
 Greenland S. Introduction to regression modeling.
In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL, editors.
Modern Epidemiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 418-55.

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 Thesis
Author A. Title [PhD thesis]. City: University; Year.
 Poorolajal J. Assessing the duration of protection
provided by hepatitis B vaccine and the need for
booster dose: a meta-analysis [PhD]. Tehran: Tehran
University of Medical Sciences; 2009.

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 Abstract
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title [abstract]. Journal. Year;
Volume(suppl):Spage.
 Joffe M, Santanna J, Feldman H. Partially marginal
structural models for causal inference [abstract].
Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(suppl):S261.

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 Conference paper
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title. Conference Name. Date of
Conference. Conference Location.
 Poorolajal J, Mahmoodi M, Haghdoost A, Majdzadeh
R, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Fotouhi A,. Long-term
protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine and need
for booster dose: A meta-analysis. EPS Global-
Shanghai 1st International Biomedicine Forum; 2010
September 10 - September 11; Shanghai.

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 Web Page
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title. Publisher; Year [updated Day
Month, Year cited Day Month, Year]; Available
from: URL.
 Chan M. Progress in public health during the
previous decade and major challenges ahead. WHO;
2010 [updated 18 January 2010; cited 16 April
2011]; Available from:
http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2010/executive_
board_126_20100118/en/index.html.

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 How to Manage Search Results
EndNote

Reference Manager

ProCite

RefWorks

For a comparison of the above products and links to reviews of other

bibliographic software packages see:
www.burioni.it/forum/dellorso/bms-dasp/textwww.text/
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 EndNote X8

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 Journal Article
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title. Journal. Year; Volume (Issue):
Page-Page.
 Poorolajal J, Mahmoodi M, Majdzadeh R,
Haghdoost AA, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Fotouhi A, et
al. Seroprotection of hepatitis B vaccine and need
for booster dose: a meta-analysis. Hepat Mon.
2009;9(4):293-304.

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 Book
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title of book. Edition. City: Publisher;
Year.
 Gordis L. Epidemiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia:
Saunders; 2008.

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 Book Section
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Chapter Title. In: Editor A, Editor B,
Editor C, Editor D, Editor E, Editor F, et al, editors.
Book Title. Edition. City: Publisher; Year. p. Page-
Page.
 Greenland S. Introduction to regression modeling.
In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL, editors.
Modern Epidemiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 418-55.

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 Thesis
Author A. Title [PhD thesis]. City: University; Year.
 Poorolajal J. Assessing the duration of protection
provided by hepatitis B vaccine and the need for
booster dose: a meta-analysis [PhD]. Tehran: Tehran
University of Medical Sciences; 2009.

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 Abstract
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title [abstract]. Journal. Year;
Volume(suppl):Spage.
 Joffe M, Santanna J, Feldman H. Partially marginal
structural models for causal inference [abstract].
Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(suppl):S261.

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 Conference paper
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title. Conference Name. Date of
Conference. Conference Location.
 Poorolajal J, Mahmoodi M, Haghdoost A, Majdzadeh
R, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Fotouhi A. Long-term
protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine and need
for booster dose: A meta-analysis. EPS Global-
Shanghai 1st International Biomedicine Forum; 2010
September 10 - September 11; Shanghai.

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 Web Page
Author A, Author B, Author C, Author D, Author E,
Author F, et al. Title. Wes Site; Year [updated Day
Month, Year cited Day Month, Year]; Available
from: URL.
 Chan M. Progress in public health during the
previous decade and major challenges ahead. WHO;
2010 [updated 18 January, 2010; cited 16 April,
2011]; Available from:
http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2010/executive_
board_126_20100118/en/index.html.

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 Inserting references
using EndNote

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 Importing references
from saved search to
EndNote

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 THANK YOU

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