1. Design an electronic voltmeter using OP Amp.

The measurable voltage range are

1 V, 10 V, 50 V, and 100 V, respectively. PMMC IFSD＝100uA and Rm+Rs＝10k
Ω. Find the values of Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd. If we desire to make this electronic
voltmeter to be capable of amplification, how do we modify the circuit?

2. A PMMC instrument with FSD=75 μA and Rm=800 Ω is used in the half-wave

rectifier voltmeter circuit as shown below. The silicon diode (D1) must have a
minimum (peak) forward current of 80 μA when the measured voltage is 25% of
FSD. The voltmeter is to indicate 200 Vrms at full scale. Calculate the values of
RS and RSH. What is the sensitivity of this ac voltmeter ?

3. a. What value of multiplier resistor will make a 0-to-100 μA meter with an internal
resistance of 2kΩ read 0 to 100V? b. Determine the accuracy of an ohmmeter at
5%FSD and 95% FSD (i.e., errors of measured resistance) if the meter used is
accurate to ±1%.
4. A parallel-type DC analog ohmmeter is show below. Im,o.c and Im,Rx represent the
current reading of meter M1 when unknown Rx is disconnected (O.C.) and
connected. Find Rx in term of (Im,o.c, Im,Rx and Rm).(You may make some simplified
assumption).

→
IR1
Rm

Im,O.C IRx
→

or
→

Im,Rx
5. Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage of R1 and obtain VR1= 12 V. Can we use
the SAME meter to measure the current of R1 according to the configuration in
the right figure? Yes or no? Please explain quantitatively and qualitatively (such as
percent errors). Please suggest how to improve.
 R2=10 MΩ R2=10 MΩ

Vs =30 V Vs =30 V

↑
R1=10 MΩ R1=10 MΩ

6. Prove the relationship between Erms /Ep /Eav-half (For sinusoidal wave)
Erms = 0.707 Ep
Eav-half ≒ 0.637Ep
Eav-half ≒ 0.9Erms