UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CVE 481

A TECHNICAL REPORT ON AN
EXPERIMENT ON
AGGREGATE IMPACT
VALUE AND
AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE

GROUP NAME: - GROUP 5

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: - August 12th, 2021
DATE OF SUBMISSION: - August 19th, 2021
NAME OF INSTRUCTOR: - Engr A.K Yusuf
SESSION: 2020/2021
GROUP FIVE Aggregate Impact Value
&
Aggregate Abrasion Value

LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS

S/N NAME MATRIC NO

1 OGUNLOKUN, SILAS SEGUN 17/30GB081
2 OGUNYOMI, OLUWAPELUMI ABRAHAM 17/30GB083
3 OJEMEN, OSEMUDIAMEN THEODORE 17/30GB085
4 OJEYEMI, OLABISI IFEOLUWA 17/30GB086
5 OJO, FAROUQ ADEMOLA 17/30GB087
6 ABDULRAHMAN, JOHN EBIMOBOWEI 17/30GB088
7 OLABANJI, TOLUWASE DAVID 17/30GB089
8 OLADEJI, ABDULALEEM OLUWASANYA 17/30GB090
9 OLADELE, LAWRENCE AYOMIDE 17/30GB091
10 OLADIMEJI, AYOOLA JOSIAH 17/30GB092
11 OLAOGUN, QUADRI OLALEKAN 17/30GB093
12 OLAOSHILO, OLALEKAN MONSUR 17/30GB094
13 OLAWEPO, OREOLUWA IBITOLA 17/30GB095
14 OLOWONIWA, ADEWALE MARVELLOUS 17/30GB096

15 ONAOLAPO, TESLIM OPEYEMI 17/30GB097

16 OSASONA, CHRISTOPHER OLAYINKA 17/30GB098

17 OYEBAMIJI, JOHN PRECIOUS 17/30GB099

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this experiment is to determine aggregate impact value (AIV)

which is a measure of the resistance of an aggregate to sudden shock or impact and
also to determine aggregate abrasion value (AAV) which is a measure of the
resistance of aggregate to surface wear by abrasion.
APPARATUS AND DIAGRAMS

Aggregate Impact value

 Aggregate Impact Test Machine
 BS test sieves of aperture sizes 14.00mm and 10.00mm
 A metal tamping rod
 A balance
 An oven

Aggregate Abrasion value

 Abrasion machine
 Abrasion charges
 BS test sieves of aperture sizes 14.00mm and 10.00mm
 Fine and stiff brushes
 A balance
 Steel ball

APPARATUS SETUP FOR IMPACT VALUE

 Steel balls

APPARATUS SETUP FOR ABRASION VALUE

THEORY
AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE

Due to movement of vehicle on the road the aggregates are subjected to impact resulting
in their breaking down into smaller pieces. The aggregates should therefore have sufficient
toughness to resist their disintegration on due to impact. This characteristic is measured by
impact value test.

The aggregate impact value is a determining measure of resistance to sudden impact or shock,
which may differ from its resistance to gradually applied compressive load. It is used to
determine the impact value of the aggregates used in pavement construction (Road). It is also
used to assess their suitability in road layers (base course, surface course) construction on the
basis of impact value.

Aggregate Impact value Classification

<10 % Exceptionally strong

10-20% Strong

10-30% Satisfactory for road surfacing

>35% Weak for road surfacing

AGGREGATE ABRASION TEST

The abrasion value of the aggregates is determined in order to determine their Resistance
against wearing. In this the aggregate sample is mixed with abrasive charge consisting standard
balls & rotated in closed inclined cylinders for specific number of revolutions. The apparatus
consists of a hollow steel cylinder, closed at both the ends with an internal diameter of 700 mm
and length 500 mm and capable of rotating about its horizontal axis. Cast iron or steel balls,
approximately 48 mm in diameter and each weighing between 390g to 445 g; 6 to 12 balls are
required.

<30% STRONG Used in pavement works

30-50% WEAK Used in concrete works

>50% VERY WEAK It is completely useless

PROCEDURES
PROCEDURES FOR AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE
i. Coarse aggregate sample was prepared.
ii. The sample was placed into test sieve sizes 14.00mm and 10.00mm.
iii. Material passing through 14.omm sieve but retained on 10.0mm sieve was collected.
iv. The collected sample (retained on 10.0mmseive) was filled into cylindrical measure
in three layers; each being tamped with 25 blows of tamping rod.
v. Each blow was given by allowing the tamping rod to fall freely from a height of
about 50mm above the surface of the aggregate evenly distributed over the surface.
vi. The net mass of the aggregate in the cylindrical measure was taken.
vii. The steel cup (part of the test machine) was firmly fixed in position on the base of the
machine and the whole of the test sample was placed in it and compacted by a single
tamping of 25 strokes of the tamping rod as above.
viii. The height of hammer was adjusted so that its lower face is about 380mm above the
upper surface of the aggregate and then allows it to fall freely on the aggregate; a total of
15 blows were delivered.
ix. The crushed aggregate was removed and passed through sieve of size 2.36.
x. The fraction passing and retained on the sieve was weighed and recorded.
PROCEDURES FOR AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE
1. We got a sample of the coarse aggregate to be used in carrying out the experiment.
2. We arranged the sieves in ascending order i.e. 10mm, 14mm, 20mm.
3. The sample was poured into the sieve and was shaken thoroughly to ensure even
distribution.
4. The sample that was retained on the 14mm and 10mm sieve were collected and
weighed. 2500g of sample retained on the 14mm and 10mm sieve was separated.
5. The samples collected were added together to form a collective of 5000g of coarse
aggregate to be used for the test.
6. The aggregate was poured into the abrasion machine and 11 abrasion charges were
added. The machine was shut and put on.
7. The machine was put on for 15 minutes which approximately was equal to 500
revolutions. Note: the speed of the abrasion machine is 33rev/min.
8. After 15 minutes, the machine was switched off. We emptied the content of the abrasion
machine into the pan beneath it.
9. The abrasive charges were removed and the content was separated using the
1.70mm sieve. Both fractions i.e. the fraction that remained on the sieve and the
fraction that passed through were measured.
DATA AND CALCULATIONS
IMPACT VALUE

S/N Mass (g)

1. Weight of aggregate + mould 3274

2. Weight of cup 2579.5

3. Weight of aggregate passing through 2.36mm sieve 97.5

Weight of aggregate = (Weight of cup+ aggregate) - weight of cup

Weight of aggregate = 3274.4 - 2579
= 695.4g
% Finess = mass of fraction passing the sieve × 100%
Mass of aggregate
= (97.5/695.4) × 100
= 14.02%

ABRASION VALUE

Total mass of prepared samples = 5000g

Mass of fraction that passed through the sieve 2.36mm = 2453g
% Finess = B/(X+Y) × 100
B = The mass of fraction passing sieve
2.36mm (X+Y) = The mass of sample used.
% Finess = (2453/5000) ×100
= 49.06%
OBSERVATION

During the Impact value test,

 it was observed that during tamping of the aggregate in the cup, voids were removed
which allows for more aggregates to be placed
 it was also observed that during impact stage, the aggregates were crushed

During the Abrasion value test;

 It was observed that the coarse aggregate was subjected to wear in the abrasion machine
causing it to break into smaller particles.
PRECAUTIONS

During Impact value test;

 It was ensured that the plunger was placed centrally so that it falls directly on the
aggregate sample to ensure uniform distribution of load on the aggregate
 It was also ensured that during sieving, the sum of weights of fractions retained and
passing the2.36mm sieve does not differ from the original weight of the specimen by
more than 1 gm.
 We ensured that the tamping was done properly

During Abrasion value test;

 It was ensured that all the 5000g of the sample were poured completely into the
Los Angeles Abrasion Machine.
 We ensured that all the 11 abrasive charges were put into the machine.
 We ensured that the trap door of the machine was tightly closed
 We ensured that the machine was switched off at the sound of the timer.
 It was ensured that all the content in the abrasion machine were emptied into the pan
beneath it after crushing time.
ERRORS

 Instrumental errors: These are errors due to changes in the physical condition in which
the equipment/device with which measurements are taken was made.
 Personal errors: Errors due to limitations in human senses of sight and touch
 Random Errors: These are errors that are inherent in the way the experiment was
carried out and they tend to be compensating i.e they cancel out as the number of
observations increase.
CONCLUSION

From the aggregate impact value test, the %Finess was gotten as 14.02% (value falls
between 20 – 30%). This indicates that the aggregate is strong and resistant to all forms of loads
and can be used for all kinds of pavements including the asphalt according to British standard.
From aggregate abrasion value test, the %Finess was gotten as 49.06%. For the sample
calculation done here having abrasion value of 49.06%, the aggregates can be employed only for
WBM sub base course. Its maximum permissible abrasion value is 60%.