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ES 200 - S2 - Air - L3 - 11oct 2021
ES 200 - S2 - Air - L3 - 11oct 2021
Air Quality
Sources,Transport/Transformation,
Receptor & Control Technology
Manoranjan Sahu
ESED, IIT Bombay
Email: mrsahu@iitb.ac.in
1
Today’s Learning Objectives !
• To understand particle composition & size
distribution
http://www.particlesciences.com/news/technical-briefs/2012/glossary-of-drug-nanotechnology.html
4
Size Matters
Ultrafine/Nano Particles
E-coli
Fine Particles
Spores
5
Shape Different and Same composition
E-coli
7
Particle shape & size
Biogenic (pollen) Iron particle (railway)
8
Physical and Chemical Properties of PM
• 6 properties
• Particle size
• Shape and aspect ratio
• Surface Area and volume
• Solubility
• Composition
• Reactivity
– These properties also determine toxicity
Aerodynamic Equivalent Diameter
Same Projected Surface
E-coli
p
area (dp)
2
vt = g d
18
Same Surface Area
equivalent Diameter(dp)
where,
g – gravity acceleration 9.8 m/s2
Same Settling velocity
d – particle diameter (m)
rp – particle density (g/m3)= 2 x 106
g/m3
m - air viscosity = 0.0172 g/m.s
PM2.5: Particle size with diameter equal and less than 2.5μm
PM10: Particle size with diameter equal and less than 10μm 10
Aerosol Size Evolution/Human Exposure
Condensation
Nucleation
Evaporation
Coagulation
11
Mechanism of Particle Deposition
Inertial impactions
–Function of particle velocity and mass
Interception
–Function of particle diameter
Diffusion
–Function of particle diameter, concentration,
velocity (time), and distance
Regional Particle Deposition
Particle deposition in lungs
15
Hinds, 1999
Particle size distribution: Ambient aerosols
https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/dpm_size.php
17
Particles composition
PAHs
Soot
● PM a complex mixture of
Heavy particles that can be
Metals
Organics solid/ liquid or both
Nitrates
Carbon Smoke
Soil ● vary in size composition
Sulfates Dust Salts and origin
Complex
Mixture
18
PM10
chemical
composition
across Indian
cities
19
(Gargava & Rajagopalan, 2016)
Air quality monitoring network
How to manage air quality
… in a city, region or countrywide ???
• NAMP (National Air Monitoring Program): >680 stations in 300
cities/areas (http://www.cpcb.nic.in/air.php)
• Typically SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10 measured
• Monitoring is conducted twice a week for 24 hours (resulting in 104
daily measurements /year)
Monitoring networks & data sources
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ES 651: Air Pollution Monitoirng/24.Jul.2014