Unit-III

Topic: Fats & Oils

Class: B. Pharm. III Sem
Sub: Organic Chemistry-II
Class No.: 2
Presented By
Bibhas Pandit (Subject In-Charge)
Fats & Oils
Summery of the previous class
 Lipids: Triesters of long chain of fatty acids with glycerol.
O
H2C OH O H2C O C R
O
HC OH R C HC O C R
O
H2C OH OH H2C O C R

Here R= long chain alkyl group (saturated or unsaturated)

Definition
 Fats: Triesters of long chain of saturated fatty acids with glycerol. E.g. Wool
fat
 Oil: Triesters of long chain of unsaturated fatty acids with glycerol. E.g.
olive oil
 Fatty acids: Long chain of carboxylic acid are known as fatty acids.
Fats & Oils

Definition
 Saponification: Fats or oil are able to form salt or soap with alkali (NaOH
or KOH)
 Rancidification: Oxidative or hydrolytic product produces obnoxious odor
and flavor
 Hydrolysis: Breaking of triesters with water to form fatty acids and
glycerol.
 Hydrogenation: Addition of hydrogen to oil in presence of reducing agents
to form fats.
Fats & Oils

Physical Properties of Fats and Oils

1. Colourless, odourless and tasteless.
2. Insoluble in water.
3. Specific gravity is less than 1.0, consequently all fats float in water.
4. Oils are liquids at 20°C, they contain higher proportion of Unsaturated
fatty acids.
5. Fats are solid at room temperature and contain saturated long chain fatty
acids
6. Triglycerides are the storage form of energy in adipose tissue.
Fats & Oils
H H O
H H H
H C C C
C C C OH
H
H
H H H

H H O
H
H C C
C C C OH

H H H
E
Fats & Oils

Hexanoic acid

Hexa-3,5-dienoic acid
Fats & Oils

Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils

O
R R

CH2 O C

Fat CH O C

CH2 O C

Ester linkage C R
R O
Fats & Oils

Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils

O
R R

CH2 O C

Oil CH O C

CH2 O C

Ester linkage C R
R O
Fats & Oils

Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils

Fats & Oils O

H2C O C

HC O C

H2C O C

3 H Hydrolysis
OH

H2C OH
O

HC OH + 3 HO C
Saturated fatty acid

H2C OH

Glycerol
Fats & Oils O

H2C O C

HC O C

H2C O C

3 H Hydrolysis
OH

H2C OH
O

+
HO C
HC OH
Unsaturated f atty acid

H2C OH

Glycerol
Fats & Oils
Chemical Properties of Fatty acid
Fats & Oils
Chemical Properties of Fatty acid
1. Salt formation:
Fats & Oils
Chemical Properties of Fatty acid
2. Acid halide
Fats & Oils
Chemical Properties of Fatty acid
3. Formation of Ester
Fats & Oils
Chemical Properties of Fatty acid
4. Reduction or Hydrogenation