Lecture 3

Functional groups
transformation
 phenol
alkylation
reaction
aromatic halogenation
Diazotization
Demethylation of phenol
Pretomanid. Pretomanid is an orally bioavailable antimycobacterial treatment recently
approved under the Limited Population Pathway for Antibacterial and Antifungal Drug (LPAD)
pathway in the USA

Pretomanid, which undergoes partial nitro reduction in anaerobic environments within

bacteria or protozoa and not within human tissues, inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis a
process critical for bacterial cell wall production, survival, and pathogenesis of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Brexanolone (Zulresso). Developed by
Sage Therapeutics, brexanolone was approved
by the USFDA as a first-in-class treatment for
postpartum depression (PPD) in adult women.

Brexanolone is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion over 60 h at variable doses

under active supervision of a healthcare provider.
Solriamfetol (Sunosi). Solriamfetol was approved by the USFDA for excessive
daytime sleepiness for patients with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea. Solriamfetol is a
phenylalanine derivative that is proposed to act as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor.
 Benvitimod (Symbiox). Benvitimod is a stilbenoid natural product isolated
from Photorhabdus bacterial symbionts of Heterorhabditis nematodes.

The compound possesses antiinflammatory and immune-modulating activities through

interaction with cytokines involved in Th1- and Th17-type autoimmune inflammatory and Th2-
type allergic diseases