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  • Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI: Pathophysiology: Causes

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    Hailey Reese
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    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be caused by open or closed head injuries from motor vehicle accidents, falls over 20 feet, or child abuse. Key signs of an open TBI include clear fluid drainage from the eyes, ears or nose indicating a basilar skull fracture. Coup-contrecoup injuries affect memory, speech, and vision. Imaging such as CT or MRI can show bleeding, bruising or swelling in the brain. Interventions for TBI focus on supporting the airway, breathing, circulation and decreasing intracranial pressure.

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    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be caused by open or closed head injuries from motor vehicle accidents, falls over 20 feet, or child abuse. Key signs of an open TBI include clear fluid drainage from the eyes, ears or nose indicating a basilar skull fracture. Coup-contrecoup injuries affect memory, speech, and vision. Imaging such as CT or MRI can show bleeding, bruising or swelling in the brain. Interventions for TBI focus on supporting the airway, breathing, circulation and decreasing intracranial pressure.

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    199 views1 page

    Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI: Pathophysiology: Causes

    Uploaded by

    Hailey Reese
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be caused by open or closed head injuries from motor vehicle accidents, falls over 20 feet, or child abuse. Key signs of an open TBI include clear fluid drainage from the eyes, ears or nose indicating a basilar skull fracture. Coup-contrecoup injuries affect memory, speech, and vision. Imaging such as CT or MRI can show bleeding, bruising or swelling in the brain. Interventions for TBI focus on supporting the airway, breathing, circulation and decreasing intracranial pressure.

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    Head Injury

    Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI

    Pathophysiology: Causes
    Any injury to the head, can be open & closed • Motor vehicle accident
    traumatic brain injuries (TBI). • Fall greater than 20 ft
    • Child abuse (shaken baby)

    >20ft

    CLOSED TBI
    Concussion - Minor TBI
    OPEN TBI - Basilar skull fracture NCLEX TIP

    Key Sign KAPLAN Questions NCLEX Questions


    ▪ CSF leakage from Eyes, Ears, Nose
    Client with head injury with What is MOST likely affected by
    “Coup - Contrecoup”
    “Clear fluid drainage” NCLEX TIP clear nasal drainage noted… coup-contrecoup brain injury?
    Answer: Check drainage for glucose Answer: Memory, speech and vision.

    Which patient to see first following


    Which assessment is expected with
    a multi car accident?
    occipital lobe injury?
    Answer: Patient with clear fluid Answer: Deficits in visual perception.
    draining from right ear
    Memory Tricks:
    • Frontal lobe = Front OFFICE controls Speech, memory,
    (This is a sign of a BASILAR SKULL
    & movement. Frontal lobe Occipital lobe
    • Occipital lobe = Ocular Sight controls Visual perception FRACTURE! A priority patient!)
    • Temporal lobe = Think TEMPO like hearing a beat.
    • Parietal lobe = sensory, touch - Think purrrietal like a cat
    - soft & fluffy to touch.
    • Cerebellum - think cere-BaLance - controls balance
    • Brain stem - controls HR & RR

    HEMATOMA 3 Types Monitor for Increased ICP


    EPIDURAL SUBDURAL
    NCLEX TIP
    medical emergency! High bleeding & rapid
    DEATH from ↑ ICP NCLEX TIP

    - Classic sign: Loss of consciousness


    - Followed by brief alertness (STAY with &
    monitor client who passed out and then
    woke up again.
    SUBARACHNOID

    Interventions:
    Imaging:
    ST • CT scan or MRI to show evidence of
    1 PRIORITY NCLEX Questions bleeding, bruising, or swelling
    Client recovering from head trauma …
    GCS of 15 over 2 hours ago, but now Discharge Teaching:
    GCS score of 14… First action?
    Answer: Report to provider immediately
    • Return if having difficulty walking
    Client in C spine after fall … priority “Ataxia”
    assessment? • Adult should stay with the patient
    Answer: Obtain Glasgow Coma Scale score. • No alcohol: vasodilates & makes brain
    swelling worse
    • NOT necessary for patient to stay awake
    ALL night

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