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Road Condition Monitoring With Grading System: BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Computer Engineering) BY
Road Condition Monitoring With Grading System: BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Computer Engineering) BY
Road Condition Monitoring With Grading System: BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Computer Engineering) BY
BY
CERTIFICATE
is a bonafide work carried out by Students under the supervision of Prof. H.U. Joshi and it is submitted
towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement of Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering)
Project.
Every day more than 4 million people in India drive two-wheelers. Most of them
who drive it are either rushing to the workplace, making deliveries etc. More than 20%
of the people who drive two-wheelers in the age group of 20-34 years have reported
having back pain mostly due to the bad road conditions that they face almost every day.
Our proposed system uses accelerometer, gyroscope and pressure sensors to detect
the condition of the road and classify it according to the intensity of how bad the road
condition is currently. The system will not only detect the bad and good roads but it will
also classify it in a range according to how severe the condition of the road is after
analysis. We use physical components of the sensors and calibrate it according to a
particular vehicle. In the end, we acquire the optimized speed to travel from that
particular road to reduce the impact on the user.
The main motive that we are developing this system is that all of us travel a lot on
two-wheelers every day, so we also face a lot of body tissues such as back pain, neck
issues etc. Currently, there is no system that can analyze all of these issues at a single
time. So we came up with this idea.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my internal guide Prof. Pravin
Nimbalkar for giving me all the help and guidance I needed. I am really grateful to them
for their kind support. Their valuable suggestions were very helpful.
In the end our special thanks to Prof. Himanshu Joshi and Dr.Nilesh Sable for
providing various resources such as laboratory with all needed software platforms,
continuous Internet connection, for Our Project.
Saurabh Jadhav
Saurabh Zingade
Tanvesh Takawale
Veermahesh Dhanunkula
TECHNICAL KEYWORDS
2.1 AREA OF PROJECT
2.2 TECHNICAL KEYWORDS
INTRODUCTION
3.1 PROJECT IDEA
3.2 MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT
3.3 LITERATURE SURVEY
PROJECT PLAN
5.1 PROJECT ESTIMATES
5.1.1 Reconciled Estimates
5.1.1.1 Cost Estimate
5.1.1.2 Time Estimates
5.1.2 Project Resources
5.2 RISK MANAGEMENT W.R.T. NP HARD ANALYSIS
5.2.1 Risk Identification
5.2.2 Risk Analysis
5.2.3 Overview of Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, Management
5.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE
5.4 TEAM ORGANIZATION
5.4.1 Team structure
5.4.2 Management reporting and communication
REFERENCES
PROJECT PLANNER
PLAGIARISM REPORT
SYNOPSIS
There is no way to determine whether the road that we are going to follow is in good
condition or not. So we are designing a system that can assist you to follow a better
road towards your destination containing less number of potholes bumpers etc. Along
with the optimised speed.
Every day more than 4 million people in India drive two-wheelers. Most of them who
drive it are either rushing to the workplace, making deliveries etc. More than 20% of the
people who drive two-wheelers in the age group of 20-34 years have reported having
back pain mostly due to the bad road conditions that they face almost every day. Our
proposed system uses accelerometer, gyroscope and pressure sensors to detect the
condition of the road and classify it according to the intensity of how bad the road
condition is currently.
To help the user to take the best road available to the destination.
System Description:
• Output: The best road available and the analysis after the journey is over.
Identify data structures, classes, divide and conquer strategies to exploit
distributed/parallel/concurrent processing, constraints.
• IEEE/ACM Conference/Journal 1
• Conferences/workshops in IITs
• IEEE/ACM Conference/Journal 2
1.) Jakob Eriksson, Lewis Girod, Bret Hull, Ryan Newton, Samuel Madden and Hari
Balakrishnan[1] proposed the idea about how the sensors equipped on a vehicle can
classify the road conditions. Various holes can be classified such as potholes, manholes
etc. This can help the government to determine which road needs more maintenance.
2.) Artis Mednis, Girts Strazdins, Reinholds Zviedris, Georgijs Kanonirs and Leo
Selavo[2] suggested that the accelerometer on the smartphone can help to detect a
pothole in the road. The detection is done using the value of the z-axis threshold value
with true positives as high as 90 per cent.
4.)Jaimon Dennis Quadros, Suhas P and Vaishak N. L. [5] studied the variation of
displacement of various body parts for different terrains amplitudes and mentioned that
terrain amplitudes become ineffective above 8Hz frequency. By analysing the data they
stated that the ideal operating speed for the head, back, torso and thorax is31km/hand
for diaphragm, abdomen and pelvis is 49.60 km/h.
TECHNICAL KEYWORDS
1.) Classification
2.) Data Analysis
3.) Human Impact
4.) Analysis
5.) Machine Learning
6.) Optimized Speed Acquisition
7.) Predictive Analysis, Road Condition
INTRODUCTION
The system that we are proposing will classify the roads according to the severity
of the condition into a given range of categorical variables. The system will also acquire
a speed at which a user should drive on a particular road so that the person
experiences the least impact on the body as well as the vehicle.
The system will also help the authorities to keep track of the uneven road
conditions and plan the maintenance process beforehand. On the other hand when the
user’s vehicle maintenance costs can also be reduced due to the reduction of the
impact that the vehicle will experience on a daily basis
The main motive that we are developing this system is that all of us travel a lot on
two-wheelers every day, so we also face a lot of body tissues such as back pain, neck
issues etc. Currently, there is no system that can analyze all of these issues at a single
time. So we came up with this idea.
1.) Jakob Eriksson, Lewis Girod, Bret Hull, Ryan Newton, Samuel Madden and Hari
Balakrishnan[1] proposed the idea about how the sensors equipped on a vehicle can
classify the road conditions. Various holes can be classified such as potholes, manholes
etc. This can help the government to determine which road needs more maintenance.
2.) Artis Mednis, Girts Strazdins, Reinholds Zviedris, Georgijs Kanonirs and Leo
Selavo[2] suggested that the accelerometer on the smartphone can help to detect a
pothole in the road. The detection is done using the value of the z-axis threshold value
with true positives as high as 90 per cent.
There is no way to determine whether the road that we are going to follow is in
good condition or not. So we are designing a system that can assist you to follow a
better road towards your destination containing less number of potholes bumpers etc.
Along with the optimised speed.
The system that we are proposing will classify the roads according to the severity
of the condition into a given range of categorical variables. The system will also acquire
a speed at which a user should drive on a particular road so that the person
experiences the least impact on the body as well as the vehicle.
The system will also help the authorities to keep track of the uneven road
conditions and plan the maintenance process beforehand. On the other hand when the
user’s vehicle maintenance costs can also be reduced due to the reduction of the
impact that the vehicle will experience on a daily basis
Nowadays with the growth in the automobile industry, there has been an
increase in motorcycle daily use. In India, many individuals like to drive two-wheelers
to avoid traffic and reach to their daily workplaces or destinations in time. But due to
uneven road conditions, many users face discomfort while driving. Keeping track of bad
road conditions and also the speed bumps that are purposely laid down is not an easy
task. Maintenance of roads gets delayed due to this issue. While coming back to the
users, the users aren’t aware of what optimal speeds they should drive to experience
the lowest amount of impact or discomfort. If a user is aware of the situation then that
person can be prevented from various back-related issues.
The software can be used and can help all the people who use two-wheelers on a
regular basis.
Data collection is the most important thing in this. The more data we get, the more
analysis we can perform. Any constraints that will impact the manner in which the
software is to be specified, designed, implemented or tested will be noted as well.
The single problem can be solved by different solutions. This considers the
performance parameters for each approach. Thus considers the efficiency issues.
There is no need to use multi-core architecture. A simple raspberry pie is enough for
data collection.
4.6 OUTCOME
The data analysis will provide the most efficient path and also help the user to analyze
what is the optimal speed.
4.7 APPLICATIONS
All the people using two-wheelers can easily install the device for analysis of the road
towards their destination.
We just require a simple raspberry pie just for collecting data that will be installed on the
bike itself. Other than this no other hardware device is required.
PROJECT PLAN
Use Waterfall model and associated streams derived from all the previous
sections. This will be beneficial for development.
We can also use other models but the waterfall model will be much more
cost-effective.
Consider sections 1,2, 3, 4 and 5( Annex A and B) for estimation.
The cost of the entire project will be around 5000 INR. The breakdown is like this:
Raspberry Pi 3000
Wiring 200
We have prepared a deadline until early March. So we expect to complete our project
by the month of March.
This section discusses Project risks and the approach to managing them.
1. Are requirements fully understood by the software engineering team and its
customers?
➢ We are actually launching a product so no customers are involved in the starting
requirement phase. It is done by the core team itself.
The risks for the Project can be analyzed within the constraints of time and quality
High 5 − 10% Schedule impact or Some parts of the project have low
quality
Risk ID 1
Risk Failed to properly install the device on the bike by bad wiring
Category Installation
Probability Low
Impact High
Response Mitigate
Probability Low
Impact High
Response Mitigate
Risk ID 3
Probability Medium
Impact High
Response Mitigate
The manner in which staff is organized and the mechanisms for reporting are noted.
Saurabh Jadhav is the leader of the project group. He will assign tasks to every member
along with deadlines.
Mechanisms for progress reporting and inter/intra team communication are identified as
per the assessment sheet and lab time table.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION (SRS IS TO BE
PREPARED USING RELEVANT
MATHEMATICS DERIVED AND
SOFTWARE ENGG. INDICATORS IN
ANNEX A AND B)
Nowadays with the growth in the automobile industry, there has been an
increase in motorcycle daily use. In India, many individuals like to drive two-wheelers to
avoid traffic and reach to their daily workplaces or destinations in time. But due to
uneven road conditions, many users face discomfort while driving. Keeping track of bad
road conditions and also the speed bumps that are purposely laid down is not an easy
task. Maintenance of roads gets delayed due to this issue. While coming back to the
users, the users aren’ t aware of what optimal speeds they should drive to experience
the lowest amount of impact or discomfort. If a user is aware of the situation then that
person can be prevented from various back-related issues.
The developer will choose the proper parameters for our machine learning
algorithm. They will also work on making the user interface app for android to check on
the results.
This section provides various usage scenarios for the system to be developed
6.2.2 Use-cases
Sr.no. Use Case Description Actors Assumptions
1. Main use case Contains all the data that is System Data points are
collected along with the collected
algorithms correctly.
2. Main use case The user looks for the data User Looks for the
that it requires from the correct needed
system data.
The data will be collected on the basis of the 3 axes that are X, Y and Z-axis.
Along with these also the latitude and longitude coordinates will be calculated so that
we can track the location on the map.
Data objects and their major attributes and relationships among data objects are
described using an ERD- like form.
A description of each major software function, along with data flow (structured analysis)
or class hierarchy (Analysis Class diagram with class description for the object-oriented
system) is presented. This is similar to the activity diagram.
2.)Check route: Look for the most optimal route that is currently available within the
data.
3.)Fetch user analytics: The user will get a personalized route which will be optimal
according to the system.
4.)Drive mode: This will help the system to gather more and more data which is not
currently within the system.
The unit consisting of the hardware components will be mounted onto the
motorcycle. The data will be collected and will be posted to the cloud storage for further
analysis. The deliverables mean the analysis of the impact that the human’s body
undergoes and also the road condition classification. The optimal speed will be shown
for a particular road onto the mobile application when it is under-drive mode.
A description of all data structures including internal, global, and temporary data
structures, database design (tables), file formats.
The data will be stored in the form of the CSV file. This CSV file will contain everything
along with the details that are required.
The data along the z-axis and the latitude and longitude coordinates are the most
important for us to analyze the data. This will be used here.
The coordinates will be displayed according to the user. It will be different for each
user.
The class diagram gives us an idea about how the application will work on a detailed
level.
The proposed system would guide the user in terms of optimal speed and the
precautions the user needs to take while driving on a particular route. The government
authorities who play an imperative role in the development of road infrastructure will
benefit from the data provided by us and make the necessary improvements on roads
so that the user’s comfort parameter is satisfied.
Two-wheelers are common in India and our system equips vital features to
provide a comfortable and hassle-free ride on the roads.
The complex algorithms and computing reside on the cloud and the user just
needs to install our android application which is connected to the cloud. The user can
easily get the analysis through the application. The only thing that the user needs to do
is provide the destination and they will get the most optimal route.
Our system is economical and mainly targets in providing the effects caused by
bad roads on the user driving the vehicle. The user gets aware of the impact roads are
causing him/her.
The efficiency of the system increases as the data is collected from various
locations increases. The classification algorithms also perform better when multiple sets
of distinct data is provided and the analysis in-turn will become more accurate.
The algorithm will keep on updating the optimized speeds for a particular span of
the roads as many users will be driving on it. As the road conditions will change from
time to time so the algorithm will adapt through new road conditions and provide the
optimized speed accordingly. This will be done by continuously collecting the data from
the user. Also, the data will be constantly kept on updating on the cloud.
The system will not only detect the bad road conditions but also classify them in
the range of severity levels. This will help the user to draw better insights prior to driving
and make necessary calculations to select a particular route.
REFERENCES
[2] Artis Mednis, Girts Strazdins, Reinholds Zviedris, Georgijs Kanonirs, Leo Selavo,
“Real-Time Pothole Detection using AndroidSmartphones with Accelerometers.”
[3] Umang Bhatt, Shouvik Mani, Edgar Xi, J. Zico Kolter, “Intelligent Pothole Detection
and Road Condition Assessment.”
[5] Sable Nilesh Popat*, Y. P. Singh,” Efficient Research on the Relationship Standard
Mining Calculations in Data Mining” in Journal of Advances in Science and Technology |
Science & Technology, Vol.14, Issue No. 2, September-2017, ISSN 2230-9659.
[6] Sable Nilesh Popat*, Y. P. Singh,” Analysis and Study on the Classifier Based Data
Mining Methods” in Journal of Advances in Science and Technology | Science &
Technology, Vol. 14, Issue No. 2, September-2017, ISSN 2230-9659.
[7] Shivakumara BS, Sridhar V, “Study of vibration and its effect on the health of the
motorcycle rider.”
[8] Jaimon Dennis Quadros, Suhas P, Vaishak N.L, “A numerical study for
determining the ideal operating speed for a two-wheeler rider on varying terrain
amplitudes.”
[9] N.K Khamis, B.M Deros, M.Z Nuawi, “Understanding the Effect of Discomfort Level
towards Motorcycle Riders among Teenagers: A Preliminary Study.”
[10] Hsieh-Ching Chen, Wei-Chyuan Chen, Yung-Ping Liu, Chih-Yong Chen, Yi-Tsong
Pan, “Whole-body vibration exposure experienced by motorcycle riders - An evaluation
according to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards.”
LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS ON
PROJECT ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMIC
DESIGN
LABORATORY ASSIGNMENTS ON
PROJECT QUALITY AND RELIABILITY
TESTING OF PROJECT DESIGN
Defect detection activities like reviews and testing help in identifying the defects
in the artefacts (deliverables). These defects must be classified into various buckets
before carrying out the root cause analysis. Following are some the defect Categories:
1. Logical
2. User interface
3. Maintainability
4. Standards
Enhancements are the introduction of new features to the software and might be
released in different versions. Whenever a version is released, regression testing
should be done on the system to ensure that the existing features have not been
disturbed.
To understand the usage of software metrics. There are some metrics which are
fundamental and the rest can be derived from these. Examples of basic (fundamental)
measures are Size, Effort, Defect, Schedule. If the fundamental measures are known,
then we can derive others. For example, if size and effort are known, we can get
Productivity (=size/effort). If the total numbers of defects are known we can get the
Quality (=defect/size).
PROJECT PLANNER
This is the expected timeline of the project. This is how the team members will work with
respect to their particular tasks.
PLAGIARISM REPORT
91% Unique
Total 14519 chars (2000 limit exceeded) , 272 words, 3 unique sentence(s).
The only match paper is our self paper that is published in IJERT.
Hence, we conclude that are paper is unique and out idea too is too one of its
kind.