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History Lesson My Teams Topics Questions

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THE PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
(1896-1902)
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Gwyneth Anne D. Custodio Daryl Mae T. Olivares Lea Mhar P. Matias Dylan Montebes
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TOPIC 1 TOPIC 3
The Katipunan: The Internal struggles,
secret organization conflicts, and a
that initiated the surprising turn of events TOPIC 5
revolt The arrival of the
Americans and Declaration
TOPIC 2 TOPIC 4 of Independence
A series of bloody revolts A Rival Government
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INTRODUCTION

The Philippine Revolution is one of the most important

events in the country’s history, awakening a proud sense of
nationalism for generations of Filipinos to come. In a
period of heavy struggle and conflict, Filipinos of different
backgrounds united with a common goal: to resist
colonialism.
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The Katipunan: the secret organization that initiated the revolt

Andres Bonifacio was the Supreme of the Katipunan (association),

or as it was also known: Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Venerated
Association of the Sons and Daughters of the Land).The
organization was inspired by Dr. Jose Rizal, whose literary works,
particularly Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, exposed the
atrocities committed by Spanish colonizers. The anti-colonial
secret organization eventually drew people from the country's
lower and middle classes, enlisting them in an armed revolt
against Spain. A Spanish friar discovered them in August 1896.
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A series of bloody revolts

Following the discovery of the Katipunan, Spanish

authorities arrested several members in order to identify
them. This resulted in an event known as the "Cry of Pugad
Lawin," in which revolutionaries participated in a mass
tearing of cedulas (community tax certificates). The revolt
spread to neighboring provinces such as Central Luzon, San
Juan del Monte, and Southern Tagalog. After several failed
revolts, rebels in Cavite finally tasted victory.
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Internal struggles, conflicts, and a

surprising turn of events
Along with the Spanish authorities, the
Katipuneros soon began to fight amongst
themselves. Rivalries arose between
commanders and territories, causing
significant schisms in the organization.
The organization was split into two
councils, the Magdiwang and Magdalo,
following a dispute between factions
loyal to different commanders and
territories. After a sham election,
Bonifacio was elected President, but his
qualifications were questioned and he
left the assembly; Aguinaldo took the
oath of office as President the next day.
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A RIVAL GOVERNMENT

Bonifacio quickly moved to Naic, Cavite, where he

established a rival government to Aguinaldo's. He
launched a coup against Aguinaldo's government,
having recently been recognized as the revolution's
leader. When Aguinaldo learned of this, he ordered
Bonifacio's arrest. The War Council apprehended
Bonifacio and found him guilty of sedition and treason.
They were soon executed in the vicinity of
Maragondon. Aguinaldo and his companions quickly
established the Republic of Biak-na-Bato and wrote the
first constitution. They devised a pact calling for the
end of the revolution, which was welcomed by the
Spanish Governor-General. The agenda of the pact
included the surrender of weapons to revolutionaries,
amnesty, exile for leaders, and a payment of $400,000
USD to revolutionaries. While the Spanish kept their
word, other revolutionary generals took up arms – the
Philippines remained a colony.
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The arrival of the Americans and the

Declaration of Independence

The second phase of the Philippine

Revolution began in April 1898.
Following the explosion and sinking of
a US Navy warship in Havana harbor,
the Americans declared war on Spain.
The Asiatic Squadron of the United
States Navy, led by Commodore
George Dewey, sailed to Manila and
defeated the Spanish Navy. On June
12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared the
country's independence, ushering in
the Philippine Republic.
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The revolution against Spain was sparked in 1896 after

Spanish authorities discovered the “Katipunan,” a
Filipino revolutionary society plotting against their
colonisers. It ended in 1902, where Spain lost and ceded
sovereignty of the Philippines to the United States.
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