The Problem and Its Background: Chools Ivision of Gusan Del UR

School Research Manual
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR

D.O. Plaza Gov’t Center, Patin-ay, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
A good Introduction follows an inverted pyramid of writing the background of the
study. The first paragraph defines the issue/problem/subject of the study. The first
paragraph also contains the global or broad perspective. You can cite authors or situations
from the different published sources. Do not forget to write the author and the date the
material was published by enclosing them inside the parenthesis (Dela Cruz, 2010). If
you don’t want to use the parenthesis to cite the source, you may also directly state the
source. Example, “According to Dela Cruz in 2010,…or According to Dela Cruz (2010)”.
The next section contains the national perspective of your research. Begin with a
phrase or sentence that will maintain the coherence of your composition. Example, In the
Philippines”.
The following paragraph(s) contain/s the local perspective of your research. You
may narrow down from the national perspective in the second paragraph, to regional,
then provincial, lastly to your specific locale. Example, “In the Municipality of San
Francisco, one of the municipalities of Caraga,… or In Agusan del Sur National High
School, one of the secondary schools in Agusan del Sur,… ”.
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Wrapping all the situations from global, national, and local perspectives, state the
necessity of conducting your research. Make sure that the reader will be convinced on the
importance of your research by the well-established prepositions in the first, second, and
third paragraphs. You may also add paragraphs, but always make sure that the last
paragraph is for the importance of conducting the study in your chosen locale.
1.2 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Erase the word “Conceptual” above if you are establishing a research based on the
existing theory or theories, or erase the word “Theoretical” if you are establishing your
research from a construct and not from existing theories. In the first sentence of the first
paragraph, state the main objective of conducting your research. You need also to discuss
the theory or concept where you anchored your study. The discussion should be at the
context of your study and not on the mere definition of the theory. Layout your digram
below this paragraph which represents your Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
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Below the diagram is the paragraph which discusses your own concept about your
plan in conducting the research. Remember that the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework is
the background of your study. Explain each variable of your diagram or figure above,
including some important processes that you will involve. You may use polygons and/or
arrows for your diagram. The diagram is usually the “Figure 1” in your study. You may
begin with, “The figure above shows”.
(Note: You may have a separate section for Conceptual and Theoretical Framework)
1.3 Statement of the Problem
Begin by stating the main or general objective (in declarative form) of the study in
one to two sentences followed by the specific problems (in interrogative form). Make
sure that your specific problems are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-
bounded. Example of main objective, “This study aims to develop a research manual that
will be the basis for teachers and students in writing research manuscript. Specifically the
study sought to answer the following questions:
1. Specific Problem 1
2. Specific Problem 1
Null/Alternative Hypothesis (may vary)
Based on the problems above, the following null/alternative hypotheses are made:
Ho1/Ha1: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1
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(Note: Null/Alternative Hypothesis section can only be written based on the nature of
your research problems)
1.4 Significance of the Study
The first paragraph states the general significance of the study or the purpose of
conducting the study. You may establish a paragraph by thinking what or who will benefit
the conclusions of your study. After the paragraph, enumerate the persons and discuss the
specifics on how can they be benefitted. You may state this way, “Moreover, this study is
beneficial to the following:”.
Students. This manual will scaffold students on how to put research into writing.
This will provide them with technical guide, both in content and physical appearance, in
research writing.
Research Teachers. They will use the developed manual for instructional
purposes to sync research content to the developed school research manual.
Other Researches. (Construct at the context of your study)
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This section discusses the perimeter of the study such as the time frame, place
where the study will be conducted, the variables involved, and limitations. The first
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paragraph should discuss about the 3Ws, starting with: where the study will be
conducted; then what is the timeframe; and who are the people involved or subject of
interest.
The second paragraph begins with main objective of the study and the variables
under study to attain the research objective. After enumerating the variables, emphasize
that other factor that may intervene the results are not under study. Example “Other
factors not stated in this section are beyond the scope of this study”.
1.6 Definition of Terms
Term 1 - terms should be in sentence case, bold, and flash left. Definitions should be
defined conceptually or operationally. Terms should be arranged alphabetically.
Moringa oleifera - terms in scientific name should have the same formatting as
mentioned above but the term should be italicized. If definition is long, the
proceeding lines should be indented once to emphasize the term being defined.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Related Literature
Chapter 2 can be written by citing first the “2.1 Related Literature” followed by
the “2.2 Related Study” section. Each of the citation should be arranged also in
chronological manner. Texts gathered from varied sources should not be copied directly
to avoid plagiarism. They should be rephrased and sources should be labeled based on the
APA 6th edition format. (Dela Cruz, 2018)
“If there are statements or direct quotation that you want to include in your
Chapter 2, do not revise the statement. Instead, write it directly in an inclosing
quotation mark, and indent the entire statement. After the statement, write the
source.” (Makiling, 2018)
2.2 Related Study
In this section, you will write findings from related studies that might be
important in substantiating your findings in Chapter 4. Like the Related Literature
section, arrange your citation chronologically or arrange them by topic. Source or citation
should be in APA 6th edition (Rizal, 2018).
The last paragraph of your Chapter 2 should contain the summary of your entire
readings including the gap or the necessity of conducting your study.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Design
The first sentence of this section states the research design whether experimental,
correlational, descriptive, quantitative, qualitative or combination, historical, etc. which
you are using in your study. This will be followed by sentences that will support your
chosen research design. You may do this by explaining why you chose this design or by
explaining what procedure or instrument you are using for this design.
3.2 Participants/Subject of the Study
Choose “Participants of the Study” if you are gathering data from human beings,
use “Subject of the Study” if you are gathering data from non-human biological beings,
phenomenon, or non-animate things. In this section, you will explain the respondents or
participants of the study, and provide reasons of your choice. You will then write the
sampling procedure that you employed in this study and its method of identifying the
samples. If you are using Probabilistic Sampling (Simple Random Sampling, Stratified
Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, etc.), state the formula and the margin of error that
you will consider in identifying the samples. If you are using Non-probabilistic Sampling
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(Purposive Sampling, Snowball Sampling, etc.), discuss the criteria that you considered
in choosing your samples or respondents.
The next paragraph tells the table showing the sample distribution below (except
for Non-probabilistic Sampling). Label it as “Table 3.2.1”.
Table 3.2.1
Distribution of strata per section in Grade 12 students
Section Population per section Sample Sample (Pilot testing)
Section 1 15 males 8 males 2 males

16 females 8 females 2 females

6 females 3 females 1 female

Total 40 males 20 males 6 males

(example of table using Stratified Random Sampling)
3.3 Setting of the Study
Write the place or locale where you are going to conduct your study and explain
the reason why you chose this setting. Insert map if necessary, the map should be labeled
”Figure 3.3.1”.
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3.4 Research Instrument
Begin by discussing what type of instrument you are using, and describe the
contents of this instrument and what data can be extracted using this instrument. Indicate
whether you designed it or adopted it. Do not forget to mention the source for instruments
that were adopted. Discuss also the validation procedures and the reliability of your
instrument.
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure
The first paragraph talks about the preliminary procedures done by the researchers
before gathering the data. This includes the preparation and distribution of intent letters to
the different concerned offices/agencies.
The second paragraph discusses the mining of data using the instruments
developed and/or adopted to the target respondents. You should be able to enumerate the
procedures from setting the respondents, distribution of materials up to the retrieval of
instrument.
The last paragraph indicates the proper handling of data extracted from the
respondents by keeping the data anonymous and/or confidential.
3.6 Data Analysis
This section discusses the statistical tools and data analysis techniques employed
in your study.
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Mean. Begin enumerating by indenting once the paragraph and write the
statistical tool you are using (example above is “Mean”). It should be in sentence case
and in bold format. The following sentences will then discuss the tool at the context of
your study. Meaning you should not define the statistical tool, rather discuss it in context.
t-test. If there are plenty of statistical tools that should be discussed, enumerate
them one by one and discuss them at the context of your study.
(Note: You may also include tables that will show how you will analyze your data e.g.
Likert-scale, etc.)
Table 3.2.1
Four-point Likert Scale
Point Scale Description Qualifying Statement
4 3.28 - 4.00 Strongly Agree The students always exhibit research vigor.
3 2.52 - 3.27 Agree The students oftentimes exhibit research vigor.
2 1.76 - 2.51 Disagree The students sometimes exhibit research vigor.

1 1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree The students never exhibit research vigor.
(Example of table used in data analysis)
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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Perception of high school students on the developed research manual.
Table 4.1.1
Perception of high school students on the usability of the developed research manual
Provisions sd x Description
1. Statement 1 0.12 3.94 Strongly Agree

3. Statement 3 0.23 3.20 Agree
4. Statement 4 0.12 2.90 Agree

General Weighted Mean Strongly Agree
Table 4.1.1 shows the format of the table in Chapter 4 which is similar to the table
formats in the previous chapters. The table number is in sentence case and bold format.
Example above is “Table 4.1.1”. The next line will be the name of the table in sentence
case. The table number and table name have a single spacing with no space after the
paragraph. The first paragraph is the interpretation of data. You may do this by grouping
all similar results (example: The table above shows that items number 1, 2, and 5 are
strongly agree with mean scores 3.94, 3.50 and 4.00, respectively. This means that the
students find the research manual very easy to use.), you may also interpret the data by
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citing only the highest three and highest low, especially if you have a long list of items or
provisions.
The second paragraph is the discussion of the interpreted results. You may do this
by revisiting your Chapter 2 for related phenomenon that may explain the similarity of
your findings. Example: “The students find the research manual very easy to use because
examples on how to write the specific sections in the research paper are present. This is
because examples provide concrete reference and elaboration of a concept as mentioned
by Dela Cruz (2018)”.
4.1 Types of research design used by Grade 12 students in S.Y. 2017-2018
12%
13%
41%
34%
Descriptive-evaluative Research Design

Completely Randomized Experimental Design
Pre-experimental, Pre-test Post-test Design
Descriptive-registration Method
Figure 2. Types of research design used by Grade 12 students in S.Y. 2017-2018
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Presentations of data using graphs or analytics should be in 2D, colored, no
shadows or other unnecessary picture formatting, and with labels in Times New Roman,
size 12, color black or white. The figure title, unlike with the table title, should be found
below the figure. It should be written in sentence case. The figure number should be a
counting continuation with the previous figure (example: Figure 1, Figure 2,… and so
on). Interpretation of data should be emphasized in the first paragraph.
Discussion of the data should be in the second paragraph. This can be done by
citing related literature, studies, or phenomena, with corresponding citation or source
related to your findings.
Reminder, subsection in this chapter like “4.1 Perception of high school
students on the developed research manual” is a declarative form of your research
questions in chapter 1. If you have five problems, then you should have five subsections
in chapter 4.
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Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
See to it that the summary of findings is presented in a concise/brief manner. First,
write the general objective of your study followed by a short description of your research
method (research design, sampling technique, and data analysis) that will be caried out to
attain or to answer your main question.
Findings
The following findings are obtained based on the analysis and interpretation of
data.
1. Findings, in sentence case, should be written in bold right after the summary. It has
no section number since it is a part of the summary. The title will then be followed by
a short introductory sentence such as “The following findings are obtained based on
the analysis and interpretation of data”.
2. Findings are the results of your analysis in chapter 4. Each finding should be in order
based on how you presented them in the previous chapter. You should not repeat what
you have written in the previous chapter. Instead, rephrase each of them in direct,
clear, and concise sentence(s).
3. Each finding should be numbered, sentence case, flash left.
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5.2 Conclusions
Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. Keep in mind that in drawing conclusions it should be based on the results/findings
of your study (i.e. given one or two or more findings for research problem number
one, what conclusion/s can you derive).
2. Conclusions are not just repeating your findings but abstractions of the summary of
findings.
3. Numerical values (e.g. mean, standard deviation, t value, F ratio, etc.) should no
longer be reported in this chapter since they have already been presented in the
previous chapter.
4. See to it that your conclusions are tied to the research questions of your study.
5. Like the findings, each conclusion should be numbered, sentence case, and flash left.
The conclusion section should begin with a short introductory sentence. Example
“Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:”.
5.3 Recommendations
As synthesized from the findings and conclusions, the following
recommendations were made:
1. Like the findings and conclusions, recommendations should be numbered, sentence
case, and flash left. The recommendation section should begin with a short
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introductory sentence. Example “As synthesized from the findings and conclusions,
the following recommendations were made:”.
2. Aside from recommendations, you can also give the implications or possible
applications of the results of your study.
3. You can also suggest future research possibilities vis-a-vis research you conducted.
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REFERENCES
(Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters) 

(For an entire book, use the following reference formats:)
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from

http://www.xxxxxxx
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication)). Title of work. doi (digital object identifier):xxxxx
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
(For a chapter in a book or entry in a reference book, use the following formats:)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, &
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1993). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor
(Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx)
(Reference book)
VendenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
(Periodicals
Periodicals include items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines,
newspapers, and newsletters. General reference form:) 
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
xx, pp-pp. doi:xx,xxxxxxxxxx
(Journal Articles, General Format:) 

Author, A.A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2004). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume, page-numbers.
(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the “REFERENCES”
section.)
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Belecina, R. R. (2008). Portfolio as an alternative assessment: Effects on problem –

solving performance, critical thinking, and attitude in mathematics. The Normal
Lights, 4, 54 – 81.
Mercado, E. P., & De Mesa, T. E. (2008). On the spot behavior intervention techniques
applied to common behavior problems manifested by children with special needs.
The Normal Lights, 4, 221 – 247.
(Magazine article)
Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker
well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on
work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
(Online magazine article)

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of
research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/
monitor/
(Newspaper article)
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The
Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
(Online newspaper article)

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
(Doctoral Dissertations and Master’s Theses

For a doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis available from a database service, use
the following reference template:)
Author, A. A. (2003). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Doctoral
dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or
Order No.)
(For an unpublished dissertation or thesis, use the following template:)

Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location.
section.)
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(Master’s thesis, from a commercial database)

McNeil, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal narrative discussing
growing up with an alcoholic mother (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728)
(Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database)

Adams, R. J. (1973). Building a foundation for evaluation of instruction in higher
education and continuing education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://
www.ohiolink.edu/etd/
(Doctoral dissertation, from the web)

Bruckman, A. (1997). MOOSE Crossing: Construction, community, and learning in a
networked virtual world for kids (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). Retrieved from http://www- static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis/
(Doctoral dissertation, abstracted in DAI)

Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture
amplification, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.
(Video)
American Psychological Association (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to
patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://
www.apa.org/videos/
(Music Recording)
lang, k. d. (2008). Shadow and the frame. On Watershed [CD]. New York, NY: Nonesuch
Records.
(Measurement instrument)
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherington, L. (2002). E-SOFTA: System for
observing family therapy alliances [Software and training videos]. Unpublished
instrument. Retrieved from http://www.softa-soatif.com/
th
(Note: For other reference style and format see APA Manual 6 ed.)
section.)
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APPENDIX A
Curriculum Vitae
This section is for the necessary attachments like additional instrument/s (e.g. test/
s, survey instrument/s, interview schedule, observation guide, etc.) letter/s of request,
instructions and other supplementary tools you used in the study. You may also include
additional information that might be lengthy to include in your main paper.
In this section, the APPENDIX X, should be written in bold, centered, and in
UPPER CASE. A CAPITAL LETTER should follow after the word APPENDIX to
indicate the succession. Below the title is the appendix description. Example, “Letter of
Permission to the School Principal”. The appendix description should be centered with
first letters of every noun, adjective, and verb are CAPITALIZED.
Below are some attachments that should be included in the appendices.
• Letters (e.g. Letter of Intent, Letter of Permission, etc.)
• Research Instruments (e.g. Questionnaires, checklist, etc)
• Interview Guides and Schedules
• Observation Guide/Talligrams or Tally sheets/Laboratory Results
• Validation Rubric
• Intel ISEF Forms
• Curriculum Vitae of the Validators
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APPENDIX B
Curriculum Vitae of the Validators (format)
Name:
Designation:
Length of Service: (if applicable)
Doctor’s Degree:
Master’s Degree:
Baccalaureate Degree:
Address:
Email/Contact Number:
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The Title should be in Sentence-case (Capitalize First Letter of Every

Noun), Bold, Times New Roman, Font 14, Aligned Center, Five
Spaces from Top Margin and should Follow Inverted
Pyramid Format (Scientific name, italicized)
A Research Paper in Junior/Senior High Department

submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements
in Subject Description
Full Name 1
Full Name 2
Full Name 3
Researchers
Name of Research Adviser(s), (LPT, MAEd, Ph. D.)

Designation (Secondary School Teacher - III)
Adviser
Month, Year
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CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
 
This research attached hereto, titled “TITLE IN UPPERCASE”, prepared and
submitted by NAME IN UPPERCASE* as his/her partial requirement for Practical
Research 2**.
________________________
Adviser
Approved as his/her research project for Practical Research 2** by the School
Research Committee.
_________________________ _________________________
Head, Ethics Review Head, Instrument Validation Review
_________________________ _________________________
Head, Plagiarism & Authenticity Review Head, Technical Review
_________________________ _________________________
Co-chairman, School Research Committee Chairman, School Research Committee
Accepted as his/her research project for Practical Research 2** by the School
Principal.
_________________________ ________________________
Date School Principal IV
*for group research, write the name of the team leader, et. al. (example: JUAN P. DELA CRUZ, et. al.)
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ABSTRACT
A good abstract is accurate, non-evaluative, coherent and readable, and concise (APA 6th
Edition). The research abstract is counted as page ii (lowercase Roman numeral) with a
running head or abbreviated title. The word abstract should be in upper letters centered at
the top of the page in bold format. The justified abstract should be a single paragraph
without paragraph indention. The abstract is a brief summary of the research study,
totaling from 150 to 250 words. It should be written in past tense when referring to the
conduct of the study (e.g. “Results showed that...”, “The participants of the study were
composed of...”); but in present tense when referring to ideas, concepts or implications
derived from the research study (e.g. The findings imply that...”). Consider writing the
abstract after the paper has been completed. Abstract should contain the following:
Keywords (maybe 3 to 4 keywords after the abstract); one sentence statement of the
problem or research question; brief description of the subjects or participants (identify
how many and any relevant characteristics); brief description of the research methods and
procedures; basic findings/report of the results, including effect, sizes, and confidence
interval and/or statistical significance levels; and conclusions and implications or
applications.
Keywords: Abstract, Research, Writing guide 
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This is an optional section. The word ACKNOWLEDGMENT should be written
in bold, uppercase and at the center. The justified paragraph should express the student’s
gratitude and appreciation for all the assistance made and given by special individuals,
institution, organization etc. that are not mentioned in the research paper but have made
an important contribution to the student’s research study. This section contains
paragraphs with single indention. Pagination below should be iii with a condensed form
of the title at the upper-right corner same format with the previous pages. Double spacing
with no space before and after the paragraph.
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DEDICATION
This is an optional section. It should be one-page dedication and the word DEDICATION
need not appear on the page, the text should be centered. The page contains the names of
people special to the researcher, e.g family, friends, other closed relatives, who inspired
and helped the researcher to finish and complete his/her research paper. Pagination below
should be iv with a condensed form of the title at the upper-right corner same format with
the previous pages. Double spacing with no space before and after the paragraph.
J. Dela Cruz
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page …………………………………………………………….. i

Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………….. ii
Abstract ………………………………………………………………. iii
Acknowledgments (optional) ..………………………………………. iv
Dedication (optional) ………………………………………………… v
Table of Contents …………………………………………………….. vi
List of Tables …………………………………………………………. vii
List of Figures ………………………………………………………… viii
List of Appendices ……………………………………………………. ix
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….. 1

1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………….. 1
1.2 Research Objectives ………………………………………..
1.3 Research Problem ………………………………………….
1.4 Research Hypothesis ……………………………………….
1.5 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework ……………………….. 4
1.6 Scope and Limitations ……………………………………..
1.7 Significance of the Study ………………………………….. 6
1.8 Definition of Key Terms …………………………………… 8
1.9 Review of Related Literature ………………………………
Chapter 2. RESEARCH METHODS ……………………………….. 10

2.1 List of Materials …………………………………………… 10
3.2 Research Design ……………………………………………
3.3 Procedure/Methods ………………………………………… 12
Chapter 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………. 16
Chapter 4. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS &

RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………… 17
References ……………………………………………………………… 18
Appendix ………………………………………………………………. 19
Curriculum Vitae ……………………………………………………… 20
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LIST OF TABLES
Tables Table Title Page
3.2.1 Distribution of Samples per Stratum among Grade 12 Students 11

of Agusan del Sur National High School
3.6.1 Likert Scale for Mean Analysis 15
4.1.1 Table Name 16
4.1.2 Table Name 17
4.1.3. Table Name 18
The example above shows that the table number is written in the first column,
followed by the Table Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the third
column. The List of Table is applicable only for at least 5 tables existing in the
manuscript. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Figure Title Page
1 Conceptual Framework 4
2 Theoretical Framework 5
3 Map of Agusan del Sur 7
4 Figure Title 8
5 Figure Title 9
The example above shows that the figure number is written in the first column,
followed by the Figure Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the third
column. The List of Figures is applicable only for at least 5 figures existing in the
manuscript. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Appendix Title Page
A Research Instrument 20
B Validation Tool for Research Instrument 21
C Letter to the Principal 22
D Letter to the Respondents 23
E Curriculum Vitae 24
The example above shows that the appendix letter is written in the first column,
followed by the Appendix Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the
third column. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
A good Background of the Study follows an inverted pyramid of writing the
background of the study. The first paragraph defines the issue/problem/subject of the
study. The first paragraph also contains the global or broad perspective. You can cite
authors or situations from the different published sources. Do not forget to write the
author and the date the material was published by enclosing them inside the parenthesis
(Dela Cruz, 2010). If you don’t want to use the parenthesis to cite the source, you may
also directly state the source. Example, “According to Dela Cruz in 2010,…or According
to Dela Cruz (2010)”.
The next section contains the national perspective of your research. Begin with a
phrase or sentence that will maintain the coherence of your composition. Example, In the
Philippines”.
The following paragraph(s) contain/s the local perspective of your research. You
may narrow down from the national perspective in the second paragraph, to regional,
then provincial, lastly to your specific locale. Example, “In the Municipality of San
Francisco, one of the municipalities of Caraga,… or In Agusan del Sur National High
School, one of the secondary schools in Agusan del Sur,… ”.
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Wrapping all the situations from global, national, and local perspectives, state the
necessity of conducting your research. Make sure that the reader will be convinced on the
importance of your research by the well-established prepositions in the first, second, and
third paragraphs. You may also add paragraphs, but always make sure that the last
paragraph is for the importance of conducting the study in your chosen locale.
1.2 Research Objectives
Begin by stating the main or general objective (in declarative form) of the study in
one to two sentences followed by the specific objectives (in declarative form). Make sure
that your specific objectives are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-
bounded. Example of main objective, “The main objective of this study is to isolate
bacteria from Filipinas Palm Oil Plantation Incorporated (FPPI) of Rosario, Agusan del
Sur potential for the production of industrial enzymes lipase for oil spill treatment.
Specifically, this study aims to:”
1. Specific objective 1 (begin with a verb in present tense)
2. Specific objective 2 (begin with a verb in present tense)
1.3 Research Problem
Following the same format as above (except the provisions in this section is in
interrogative form), an example could be “The main problem of this study is to isolate
bacteria from Filipinas Palm Oil Plantation Incorporated (FPPI) of Rosario, Agusan del
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Sur potential for the production of industrial enzymes lipase for oil spill treatment.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:”.
1. Specific question number 1
2. Specific question number 2
1.4 Research Hypothesis
Based on the problems above, the following null/alternative hypotheses are made:
(Note: Null/Alternative Hypothesis section can only be written based on the nature of
your research problems)
1.5 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Erase the word “Conceptual” above if you are establishing a research based on the
existing theory or theories, or erase the word “Theoretical” if you are establishing your
research from a construct and not from existing theories. In the first sentence of the first
paragraph, state the main objective of conducting your research. You need also to discuss
the theory or concept where you anchored your study. The discussion should be at the
context of your study and not on the mere definition of the theory. Layout your digram
below this paragraph which represents your Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.
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Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
Below the diagram is the paragraph which discusses your own concept about your
plan in conducting the research. Remember that the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework is
the background of your study. Explain each variable of your diagram or figure above,
including some important processes that you will involve. You may use polygons and/or
arrows for your diagram. The diagram is usually the “Figure 1” in your study. You may
begin with, “The figure above shows”.
(Note: You may have a separate section for Conceptual and Theoretical Framework)
1.6 Scope and Limitations
This section discusses the perimeter of the study such as the time frame, place
where the study will be conducted, the variables involved, and limitations. The first
paragraph should discuss about the 3Ws, starting with: where the study will be
conducted; then what is the timeframe; and who are the people involved or subject of
interest.
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The second paragraph begins with main objective of the study and the variables
under study to attain the research objective. After enumerating the variables, emphasize
that other factor that may intervene the results are not under study. Example “Other
factors not stated in this section are beyond the scope of this study”.
1.7 Significance of the Study
The first paragraph states the general significance of the study or the purpose of
conducting the study. You may establish a paragraph by thinking what or who will benefit
the conclusions of your study. After the paragraph, enumerate the persons and discuss the
specifics on how can they be benefitted. You may state this way, “Moreover, this study is
beneficial to the following:”.
Students. This manual will scaffold students on how to put research into writing.
This will provide them with technical guide, both in content and physical appearance, in
research writing.
Research Teachers. They will use the developed manual for instructional
purposes to sync research content to the developed school research manual.
Other Researches. (Construct at the context of your study)
1.8 Definition of Terms
Term 1 - terms should be in sentence case, bold, and flash left. Definitions should be
defined conceptually or operationally. Terms should be arranged alphabetically.
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Moringa oleifera - terms in scientific name should have the same formatting as
mentioned above but the term should be italicized. If definition is long, the
proceeding lines should be indented once to emphasize the term being defined.
1.9 Review of Related Literature
Related Literature
Chapter 2 can be written by citing first the “2.1 Related Literature” followed by
the “2.2 Related Study” section. Each of the citation should be arranged also in
chronological manner. Texts gathered from varied sources should not be copied directly
to avoid plagiarism. They should be rephrased and sources should be labeled based on the
APA 6th edition format. (Dela Cruz, 2018)
“If there are statements or direct quotation that you want to include in your
Chapter 2, do not revise the statement. Instead, write it directly in an inclosing
quotation mark, and indent the entire statement. After the statement, write the
source.” (Makiling, 2018)
Related Study
In this section, you will write findings from related studies that might be
important in substantiating your findings in Chapter 4. Like the Related Literature
section, arrange your citation chronologically or arrange them by topic. Source or citation
should be in APA 6th edition (Rizal, 2018).
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The last paragraph of your Chapter 2 should contain the summary of your entire
readings including the gap or the necessity of conducting your study.
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Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
This field contains the method, research variables and layout, design and
sampling procedures, the research tools and instruments, the statistical procedures
utilized for the analysis and interpretation of the data.
2.1 List of Materials
Material 1 Material 4
2.2 Research Design
Table 2.2.1
Presentation of tests undertaken by the isolated microorganisms from Palm Oil Sludge
Tests
Independent
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Variables
R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
Subject/Specimen 1 X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
Subject/Specimen 2 X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
Positive Control X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
Negative Control X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
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Legend: X - Description of “X”
Y - Description of “Y”
Z - Description of “Z”
Write a paragraph that discusses your research design (e.g. completely
randomized design, etc.) and describe it using the table above. Always include the legend
symbol in parenthesis (X1) in every test trial you are describing.
2.3 Procedures/Methods
In this section your are going to describe, in details, the research procedure. You
may use flow chart or you may use narration. For flowchart, the figure number and title
should have the same format and guideline as stated in p. 13. For narration, each step
(example: 2.3.1 Collection of Sample) should be in Sentence Case and in bold format.
Pictures with caption may be used to help illustrate or explain your procedure. Picture
size may depend, but caption format shown bellow should be followed.
2.3.1 Collection of Sample
After the description in this paragraph, the
box representing the picture should have a
caption. Use textbox for captions with the same
font size and style. Caption should be in

Caption
sentence case.
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Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Production of lipase from bacterial isolates from palm oil sludge
Lipase Production (ml)
100
75
50
25
0
Z11 Z12 Z13 Z21 Z22 Z23 Z31 Z32 Z33 Z41 Z42 Z43
Figure 2. Lipase produced by bacterial isolates
Presentations of data using graphs or analytics should be in 2D, colored, no
shadows or other unnecessary picture formatting, and with labels in Times New Roman,
size 12, color black or white. The figure title, unlike with the table title, should be found
below the figure. It should be written in sentence case. The figure number should be a
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Implementing Unit
counting continuation with the previous figure (example: Figure 1, Figure 2,… and so
on). Interpretation of data should be emphasized in the first paragraph.
Discussion of the data should be in the second paragraph. This can be done by
citing related literature, studies, or phenomena, with corresponding citation or source
related to your findings.
Reminder, subsection in this chapter like “3.1 Production of lipase from
bacterial isolates from palm oil sludge” is a declarative form of your research questions
in chapter 1. If you have five problems, then you should have five subsections in this
chapter.
3.2 Amount of Pb among three identified deep wells in Agusan del Sur using AAS
Table 3.2.1
Lead (Pb) Analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer for three deep wells
Amount of Lead (Pb) in parts per million (ppm)
Trial DP1 DP2 DP3
1 0.12 0.03 0.23

2 0.09 0.03 0.24
3 0.12 0.04 0.24

x 0.11 0.03 0.24
SD 1.02 1.01 1.01

%RSD 3.21% 3.18% 3.18%
Table 3.2.1 shows the format of the table in Chapter 3 which is similar to the table
formats in the previous chapters. The table number is in sentence case and bold format.
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Implementing Unit
Example above is “Table 3.2.1”. The next line will be the name of the table in sentence
case. The table number and table name have a single spacing with no space after the
paragraph. The first paragraph is the interpretation of data. You may do this by grouping
all similar results (example: The table above shows that deep wells number 1 and 2 have
relatively small amount of Lead (Pb) compared to deep well number 3), you may also
interpret the data by citing only the highest three and highest low, especially if you have a
long list of items or provisions.
The second paragraph is the discussion of the interpreted results. You may do this
by revisiting your Chapter 2 for related phenomenon that may explain the similarity of
your findings. Example: “The presence of lead in deep wells can be acquired by living
organisms through absorption as for plants, or through drinking as for animals. Further
lead content greater than 0.20 ppm can be lethal to humans who have constant exposure
as mentioned by Dela Cruz (2018)”.
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Implementing Unit
Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Summary
See to it that the summary of findings is presented in a concise/brief manner. First,
write the general objective of your study followed by a short description of your research
method (research design, sampling technique, and data analysis) that will be carried out
to attain or to answer your main question.
Findings
The following findings are obtained based on the analysis and interpretation of
data.
1. Findings, in sentence case, should be written in bold right after the summary. It has
no section number since it is a part of the summary. The title will then be followed by
a short introductory sentence such as “The following findings are obtained based on
the analysis and interpretation of data”.
2. Findings are the results of your analysis in chapter 4. Each finding should be in order
based on how you presented them in the previous chapter. You should not repeat what
you have written in the previous chapter. Instead, rephrase each of them in direct,
clear, and concise sentence(s).
3. Each finding should be numbered, sentence case, flash left.
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4.2 Conclusions
Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. Keep in mind that in drawing conclusions it should be based on the results/findings
of your study (i.e. given one or two or more findings for research problem number
one, what conclusion/s can you derive).
2. Conclusions are not just repeating your findings but abstractions of the summary of
findings.
3. Numerical values (e.g. mean, standard deviation, t value, F ratio, etc.) should no
longer be reported in this chapter since they have already been presented in the
previous chapter.
4. See to it that your conclusions are tied to the research questions of your study.
5. Like the findings, each conclusion should be numbered, sentence case, and flash left.
The conclusion section should begin with a short introductory sentence. Example
“Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:”.
4.3 Recommendations
As synthesized from the findings and conclusions, the following
recommendations were made:
1. Like the findings and conclusions, recommendations should be numbered, sentence
case, and flash left. The recommendation section should begin with a short
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Implementing Unit
introductory sentence. Example “As synthesized from the findings and conclusions,
the following recommendations were made:”.
2. Aside from recommendations, you can also give the implications or possible
applications of the results of your study.
3. You can also suggest future research possibilities vis-a-vis research you conducted.
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REFERENCES
(Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters) 

(For an entire book, use the following reference formats:)
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from

http://www.xxxxxxx
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication)). Title of work. doi (digital object identifier):xxxxx
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
(For a chapter in a book or entry in a reference book, use the following formats:)
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1993). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor
(Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx)
(Reference book)
VendenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
(Periodicals
Periodicals include items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines,
newspapers, and newsletters. General reference form:) 
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
xx, pp-pp. doi:xx,xxxxxxxxxx
(Journal Articles, General Format:) 

Author, A.A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2004). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume, page-numbers.
section.)
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Belecina, R. R. (2008). Portfolio as an alternative assessment: Effects on problem –

solving performance, critical thinking, and attitude in mathematics. The Normal
Lights, 4, 54 – 81.
Mercado, E. P., & De Mesa, T. E. (2008). On the spot behavior intervention techniques
applied to common behavior problems manifested by children with special needs.
The Normal Lights, 4, 221 – 247.
(Magazine article)
Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker
well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on
work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
(Online magazine article)

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of
research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/
monitor/
(Newspaper article)
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The
Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
(Online newspaper article)

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
(Doctoral Dissertations and Master’s Theses

For a doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis available from a database service, use
the following reference template:)
Author, A. A. (2003). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Doctoral
dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or
Order No.)
(For an unpublished dissertation or thesis, use the following template:)

Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location.
section.)
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(Master’s thesis, from a commercial database)

McNeil, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal narrative discussing
growing up with an alcoholic mother (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728)
(Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database)

Adams, R. J. (1973). Building a foundation for evaluation of instruction in higher
education and continuing education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://
www.ohiolink.edu/etd/
(Doctoral dissertation, from the web)

Bruckman, A. (1997). MOOSE Crossing: Construction, community, and learning in a
networked virtual world for kids (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). Retrieved from http://www- static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis/
(Doctoral dissertation, abstracted in DAI)

Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture
amplification, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.
(Video)
American Psychological Association (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to
patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://
www.apa.org/videos/
(Music Recording)
lang, k. d. (2008). Shadow and the frame. On Watershed [CD]. New York, NY: Nonesuch
Records.
(Measurement instrument)
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherington, L. (2002). E-SOFTA: System for
observing family therapy alliances [Software and training videos]. Unpublished
instrument. Retrieved from http://www.softa-soatif.com/
th
(Note: For other reference style and format see APA Manual 6 ed.)
section.)
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APPENDIX A
Curriculum Vitae
This section is for the necessary attachments like additional instrument/s (e.g. test/
s, survey instrument/s, interview schedule, observation guide, etc.) letter/s of request,
instructions and other supplementary tools you used in the study. You may also include
additional information that might be lengthy to include in your main paper.
In this section, the APPENDIX X, should be written in bold, centered, and in
UPPER CASE. A CAPITAL LETTER should follow after the word APPENDIX to
indicate the succession. Below the title is the appendix description. Example, “Letter of
Permission to the School Principal”. The appendix description should be centered with
first letters of every noun, adjective, and verb are CAPITALIZED.
Below are some attachments that should be included in the appendices.
• Letters (e.g. Letter of Intent, Letter of Permission, etc.)
• Observation Guide/Talligrams or Tally sheets/Laboratory Results
• Daily Log
• Intel ISEF Forms
• Pictures
• Permits/Clearances
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Implementing Unit
SUMMARY OF GENERAL PHYSICAL FORMAT
1. Margins
Left margin: 1.25 inches (soft bound), 1.5 inch (hard bound)
Top margin: 1 inch (to give space of the header which is 0.50
inches from the top edge of the paper)
Right margin: 1 inch
Bottom margin: 1 inch (to give space of the footer which is 0.50
inches from the bottom edge of the paper)
2. Line Length and Alignment
Length of each typed line: 6.5 inches or 16.51 cm
Alignment of the Body and Subtitle: Do not justify
Alignment of Chapters, Figure Titles: Center
Alignment of Table Titles: Left
Alignment of Pagination: Right
Alignment of Condensed Title: Right
3. Typeface and Font Size

Title in Cover Page: Times New Roman (ALL CAPS), size 12
Title in Title Page: Times New Roman (Bold), size 14
Body: Times New Roman, size 12
Chapter Font & Subtitle: Times New Roman (Bold), size 12
Table and Figure Caption: Times New Roman, size 12
Header and Footer: Times New Roman, size 10
Preliminary Pages: Times New Roman, size 12
4. Pagination
Preliminary Pages: i, ii, iii, iv and so on
Body and Final Pages: 1, 2, 3, and so on
No pagination in the first page of every chapter
!50
FORMAT FOR BERF/SEF BASIC RESEARCH (D.O. no. 16, s. 2017)
Basic Research PROPOSAL Template

I. Introduction and Rational
II. Literature Review
III. Research Questions
IV. Scope and Limitation
V. Research Methodology
a) Sampling
b) Data Collection
c) Ethical Issues
d) Plan for Data Analysis
VI. Timetable / Gantt chart
VII. Cost Estimates
VIII.Plans for Dissemination and Advocacy
IX. References
COMPLETED Basic Research Template

I. Title Page
II. Abstract
III. Acknowledgement
IV. Introduction of the Research
V. Literature Review
VI. Research Questions
VII. Scope and Limitation
VIII.Research Methodology
a) Sampling
b) Data Collection
IX. Discussion of Results and Recommendations
X. Dissemination and Advocacy Plans
XI. References
XII. Financial Report
!51
Department of Education
DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR
RESEARCH TITLE SHOULD BE IN ARIAL FONT, SIZE 11, BOLD FORMAT,
CAPITALIZED, AND SHOULD FOLLOW AN INVERTED PYRAMID
VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
A School/Division/Region/Nation-wide Basic Research
submitted to the Office the Policy Planning
and Research Division
FIRST NAME M.I. SURNAME, DESIGNATION
Researcher
Month Year
!52
I. INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH
Includes the rationale for the research and relevant, social, policy, or practice
context for the study. The introduction should explain why the research study is being
undertaken (e.g. to answer a question about a specified problem in education) and how
the results could be used in action planning and/or policy formulation and development.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Focuses on key issues which underlie the research; major findings, problems
identified, recommendations, and questions raised in previous research; the main points
of view and controversies; critical evaluation of these views, their strengths and
weaknesses; general conclusions about the research papers; what research still needs
to be done; and what knowledge gaps remain that the study will aim to fill.
III. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Involves investigating or testing an idea; trying out solutions to a problem;
exploring and analyzing issues; creating a new procedure or system; explaining a
phenomenon; or a combination of any of these.
IV. SCOPE AND LIMITATION
Coverage of the research in terms of location, time, respondents, etc.; inherent
design or methodology parameters that can restrict the scope of the research findings
and are outside the control of the researcher.
!53
V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
a. Sampling
Details should be provided about who will participate in the research: number of
people and the characteristics of those who will participate in the research; and how will
the sample be selected and recruited.
b. Data Collection
The various instruments and procedures for data collection should be outlined
and extensively discussed.
c. Ethical Issues (applicable for research PROPOSAL ONLY)
Identification of ethical concerns that could possibly emanate from the conduct of
the research, and an elaborate discussion on how to prevent these from taking place. It
can include, but not limited to the following: right to conduct a study or investigation to
answer a question; securing free prior and informed consent from respondents; issues of
confidentiality and anonymity; written approval for use of materials with copyright (e.g.
secondary data sets, data collection tools).
d. Plan for Data Analysis (applicable for research PROPOSAL ONLY)
Indicates how the data will be analyzed and reported; it should specify the
qualitative and/or quantitative methods that will be used in analyzing the data gathered
for the research.
VI. TIMETABLE / GANTT CHART
Contains the research timelines - when will the project begin and how long will it
take for it to be completed; include time estimates for each step in the research process
(e.g. 5 days, 2 weeks).
!54
VII. COST ESTIMATES
Includes detailed research cost, broken down per research task, activity and/or
deliverable. It can be further grouped by tranche for easier reference of the Evaluation
Committee. Refer to the Availment Process for the activities falling under each tranche.
VIII. PLANS FOR DISSEMINATION/ADVOCACY
Indicate how the results of the research will be cascaded to the intended user of
the research findings (i.e. presentation in conferences, etc.)
IX. REFERENCES
Using APA referencing, provide in text of work and reference list consistently and
accurately.
!55
FORMAT FOR BERF/SEF ACTION RESEARCH (D.O. no. 16, s. 2017)
A. Action Research Proposal Template
I. Context and Rationale
II. Action Research Questions
III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy
IV. Action Research Methods
a) Participants and/or other Sources of Data and Information
b) Data Gathering Methods
c) Data Analysis Plan
V. Action Research Work Plan and Timelines
VI. Cost Estimates
VII. Plans for Dissemination and Utilization
VIII.References
B. Completed Action Research
I. Title Page
II. Abstract
III. Acknowledgement
IV. Context and Rationale
V. Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy
VI. Action Research Questions
VII. Action Research Methods
VIII.Discussion of Results and Reflection
IX. Action Plan
X. References
XI. Financial Report
!56
Department of Education
DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR
RESEARCH TITLE SHOULD BE IN ARIAL FONT, SIZE 11, BOLD FORMAT,
CAPITALIZED, AND SHOULD FOLLOW AN INVERTED PYRAMID
VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
A School/Division/Region/Nation-wide Action Research
submitted to the Office the Policy Planning
and Research Division
FIRST NAME M.I. SURNAME, DESIGNATION
Researcher
Month Year
!57
I. CONTEXT AND RATIONALE
Includes the description and context of the study and reason for conducting it;
how the results could be used in action planning.
II. ACTION RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Identifies the problem/s which will be addressed by the research in terms of
investigating or testing an idea; trying out solutions to a problem; creating new procedure
or system; explaining a phenomenon; or a combination of any of these.
III. PROPOSED INNOVATION, INTERVENTION, AND STRATEGY
Contains the concept and details to the development of an intervention, strategy
or innovation which will target challenges in education instruction and governance. The
concept should be supported by educational frameworks (e.g. learning theories, material
development frameworks), and should have concise description on how it will be
developed.
IV. ACTION RESEARCH METHODS
Details should be provided about who will participate in the research: number of
people and the characteristics of those who will participate in the research; and how will
the sample be selected and recruited.
The various instruments and procedures for data collection should be outlined
and extensively discussed.
!58
c) Data Analysis Plan
Indicates how the data will be analyzed and reported; it should specify the
qualitative and/or quantitative methods that will be used in analyzing the data gathered
for the research.
V. ACTION RESEARCH WORK PLAN AND TIMELINES
Contains the research timelines - when will the project begin and how long will it
take for it to be completed; include time estimates for each step in the research process
(e.g. 5 days, 2 weeks).
VI. COST ESTIMATES
Includes detailed research cost, broken down per research task, activity and/or
deliverable. It can be further grouped by tranche for easier reference of the Evaluation
Committee. Refer to the Availment Process for the activities falling under each tranche.
VII. PLANS FOR DISSEMINATION AND UTILIZATION
Indicate how the results of the research will be cascaded to the intended user of
the research findings (i.e. presentation in conferences, etc.)
VIII. REFERENCES
Using APA referencing, provide in text of work and reference list consistently and
accurately.
!59
!60
!61
!62
!63
ANNEX 3
Declaration of Anti-Plagiarism
RESEARCHER:
_________________________________________
SIGNATURE:
_________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________________
RESEARCHER:
_________________________________________
SIGNATURE:
_________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________________
RESEARCHER:
_________________________________________
SIGNATURE:
_________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________________
!64
ANNEX 4
Declaration of Absence of Conflict of Interest
RESEARCHER:
_________________________________________
SIGNATURE:
_________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________________
RESEARCHER:
_________________________________________
SIGNATURE:
_________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________________
RESEARCHER:
_________________________________________
SIGNATURE:
_________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________________
!65
!66

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School Research Manual

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A good Introduction follows an inverted pyramid of writing the background of the

School, one of the secondary schools in Agusan del Sur,… ”.

1.2 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

below this paragraph which represents your Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

AGUSAN DEL SUR NATIONAL HGH SCHOOL

plan in conducting the research. Remember that the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework is

begin with, “The figure above shows”.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

study sought to answer the following questions:

Null/Alternative Hypothesis (may vary)

Ho1/Ha1: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1

AGUSAN DEL SUR NATIONAL HGH SCHOOL

Ho2/Ha2: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1

your research problems)

1.4 Significance of the Study

beneficial to the following:”.

purposes to sync research content to the developed school research manual.

Other Researches. (Construct at the context of your study)

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

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1.6 Definition of Terms

defined conceptually or operationally. Terms should be arranged alphabetically.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature

APA 6th edition format. (Dela Cruz, 2018)

Chapter 2, do not revise the statement. Instead, write it directly in an inclosing

source.” (Makiling, 2018)

2.2 Related Study

important in substantiating your findings in Chapter 4. Like the Related Literature

should be in APA 6th edition (Rizal, 2018).

readings including the gap or the necessity of conducting your study.

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3.1 Research Design

correlational, descriptive, quantitative, qualitative or combination, historical, etc. which

3.2 Participants/Subject of the Study

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in choosing your samples or respondents.

for Non-probabilistic Sampling). Label it as “Table 3.2.1”.

Section 1 15 males 8 males 2 males

Section 2 20 males 10 males 3 males

Section 3 5 males 2 males 1 males

Total 40 males 20 males 6 males

3.3 Setting of the Study

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3.4 Research Instrument

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

the different concerned offices/agencies.

procedures from setting the respondents, distribution of materials up to the retrieval of

respondents by keeping the data anonymous and/or confidential.

3.6 Data Analysis

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2 1.76 - 2.51 Disagree The students sometimes exhibit research vigor.

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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1 Perception of high school students on the developed research manual.

2. Statement 2 0.20 3.50 Strongly Agree

4. Statement 4 0.12 2.90 Agree

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(Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters) 

(Journal Articles, General Format:) 

Keywords: Abstract, Research, Writing guide 